聚合物基导电织物制备与应用研究

导电聚合物作为性能优异的导电高分子材料在柔性可穿戴电子纺织品中作用显著,聚吡咯、聚苯胺和聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）是3种较常见的导电聚合物。将聚合物基导电织物作为柔性电极,为传感器提供灵活性和可拉伸性,但其本征态聚合物制备织物的电导率较低,限制了其应用。文章在简述3种聚合物化学结构、导电机理等基本性质的基础上,重点介绍提高聚合物基织物电导率的不同方法及导电性能变化的机理,并对导电聚合物复合材料制成的柔性传感器的应用现状进行综述。提出聚合物导电织物在柔性传感器应用中存在的主要问题及其可行的研究发展方向。     

聚多巴胺修饰还原氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯导电织物的制备及其传感响应特性

为改善导电织物导电层与织物间的界面黏附性,构建有效接触的导电网络,提升传感响应特性,采用聚多巴胺(PDA)对涤纶/氨纶针织物表面进行修饰,制备以还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和聚吡咯(PPy)为导电层的柔性传感器。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、自制KTC传感测试盒、四探针方阻测试仪、万能拉伸试验机等对导电织物进行表征与分析。结果表明：经PDA修饰后的织物与RGO/PPy间的界面黏附性有明显改善,所构建导电网络更为连续,相较于未修饰的导电织物具有更好的耐久性和耐磨性;该织物柔性传感器的拉伸范围在0%～130%之间时,灵敏度增加至39.1,响应时间为0.06 s,可准确识别人体关节运动。     

手臂监测传感器的设计与验证

文章将人体手臂分为3个区域测试不同角度下每个区域的伸长率,确定了手臂皮肤伸长变化规律最显著的区域为II,理想状态下假设服装伸长与皮肤伸长同步,所以选择在第II区域即肘关节处设计传感器。制备了6种不同组织结构,不同横列数和相同纵行数的导电织物,测试了6种织物在纵向拉伸条件下的电阻变化,得到了导电织物的电阻随应变的变化规律,分析了组织结构和横列数不同对导电织物应变-电阻传感性能的影响,结果表明:导电织物选择采用横列数250纵行数80的2+2假罗纹结构,其线性拟合度和灵敏度最好。通过手臂弯曲实验验证了该针织柔性传感器及其测试系统的可行性。     

基于聚多巴胺修饰的聚吡咯导电织物制备与应变传感性能

为改善聚吡咯(PPy)导电层与织物基底的结合牢度,提高应变传感器的稳定性,以聚多巴胺为粘合剂,采用原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/聚多巴胺(PPy/PDA)导电涤纶/氨纶织物,探究PPy/PDA导电涤纶/氨纶织物的导电性能和应变传感性能。用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析其表面形貌与结构,采用实验室自制的KTC传感器测试盒,测试其灵敏度和稳定性。结果表明,与PPy导电涤纶/氨纶织物相比,PPy/PDA导电涤纶/氨纶织物表面导电层更均匀,导电填料与基底的结合牢度更高,制得的传感元件灵敏度高,在500次重复应变后的稳定性更好,可应用于人体运动检测和康复训练等领域。     

基于经编间隔织物的压力电容传感器特性

为实现用智能坐垫监测人体坐姿,对人体健康进行辅助治疗的目的,以6种不同规格的经编间隔织物为介质层制备压力电容传感器,研究经编间隔织物压力电容传感器的静态性能。对6种传感器进行电力学性能测试,得到应力-电容曲线,结合经编间隔织物的压缩性能,将间隔织物电容传感器的应力-电容曲线划分为3个阶段,分别研究每个阶段的灵敏度和线性度。结果表明:随着压力的增加,压力电容传感器的线性度会逐渐变差;其灵敏度,呈现出先逐渐增加,而后逐渐减小的趋势。在间隔织物的压缩平台区,电容传感器灵敏度最大,在间隔织物压缩的弹性区,电容传感器线性度最好。     

导电涤纶涂层织物的制备及其性能

为制备导电涂层织物,采用研磨分散法制备导电炭黑,研究了导电炭黑的用量、导电炭黑的粒径、涂层次数、黏合剂用量、焙烘时间以及温度对导电涤纶涂层织物性能的影响。对涤纶涂层织物的表面电阻、耐水洗牢度、耐摩擦牢度、断裂强力和断裂伸长率等性能进行测试。结果表明：当涂层胶中导电炭黑含量为 15%,导电炭黑粒径为 200nm,涂覆次数为 4 次,黏合剂相对导电炭黑分散体质量分数为40%,焙烘温度为150℃,焙烘时间为 3 min时制备的导电涤纶涂层织物的表面电阻最小, 导电涤纶涂层织物的干摩擦、水洗牢度均可达到 5 级,水洗后涤纶涂层织物的表面电阻变大。     

氧化还原一步法制备聚苯胺/银复合导电织物

本文提出一种采用氧化还原一步法制备聚苯胺/银复合导电织物的新方法,并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析及热重分析仪对制备的导电织物的表面形貌、化学组成及热稳定性进行了表征;研究了该织物的导电性能、力学性能,以及水洗次数对其导电性能的影响。结果表明,采用氧化还原一步法能够较好的在涤纶织物表面形成聚苯胺/银的复合镀层;经镀层处理后的织物热稳定性及导电性能均有所提高,力学性能变化较小,且经50次水洗后,其导电性能优于聚苯胺织物。本研究为开发具有高导电性、低成本的导电织物提供了新的方法和思路。     

柔性电子织物的构筑及其压力传感性能

针对薄膜基、凝胶基柔性传感器的透气透湿性差、穿着舒适性低等问题,提出一种基于压阻效应的柔性电子织物制备策略,构筑以1+1罗纹导电织物电极层、MXene改性棉织物中间导电层为基础的结构模型,缝纫复合各功能层形成三明治结构柔性电子织物,研究其可穿戴舒适性能及传感性能,阐述其未来工业化生产的潜力。结果表明：全纺织基柔性电子织物在低压力范围(0～3 kPa)内的灵敏度约为0.409 5 kPa^-1,具有较好的线性度;2 g砝码可使其电阻变化率超过3%,具有较好的低压监测性能;响应时间小于50 ms,足以用于人体运动信号监测;在8 000次施压循环后仍保持稳定的电阻变化,表现出优异的耐久性;此外,兼有较佳的热湿舒适性,其透气率为270.49 mm/s,透湿率为3 420 g/(m²·24 h)。柔性电子织物对人体动态信号有优异的识别能力,在运动训练、医疗保健及军事防护等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

超疏水导电聚酯织物的制备及其性能

为使织物兼具疏水与导电的性能,使用自制碳黑杂化同质聚酯浆料,先对聚酯织物进行导电整理,再采用溶剂诱导结晶（SINC）的方法在导电织物的表面构造微观粗糙结构,然后用甲基三氯硅烷（MTS）修饰,制备出耐水洗超疏水导电聚酯织物。研究了浆料中聚酯、碳黑的含量以及溶剂诱导结晶处理条件对织物导电及疏水性能的影响,借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、差式扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、接触角测量仪等对织物导电、润湿性能、耐用性及表面结构的微观形貌与结晶特点进行表征。结果表明,制备的疏水导电聚酯织物表面电阻率数量级在10 ²～10^３Ω,与水的接触角大于150°,超声水洗12 h后织物表面电阻率数量级不变,与水的接触角不小于140°。     

磁控溅射制备导电织物的工艺优化

为制得具有更小电阻即更好导电性能的织物,利用磁控溅射技术,以铜作为靶材,在涤纶纺黏热轧非织造布上沉积铜薄膜制备导电织物,测试其表面电阻值。分别对进气量、溅射功率、工作气压、靶基距、溅射时间进行单因素试验,探究溅射工艺参数对试样导电性能的影响规律;然后在单因素试验基础上对试验进行二次正交旋转组合设计,对显著因素进行参数优化。得出:制备较低表面电阻值的导电织物的最优参数组合为进气量35.00 m L/min、溅射功率83.0 W、工作气压0.400 Pa、靶基距3.900 cm、溅射时间4.10 min,所得导电织物表面电阻值在1.000 0~100.000 0Ω。     

聚苯胺/锦纶/氨纶复合导电织物的制备工艺

为制备导电性能良好的导电织物,开发出柔软性智能纺织品,详细介绍制备导电织物的原料、设备、方法及织物导电性能测试方法.以锦纶/氨纶经平绒针织物为基体材料,聚苯胺为导电材料,采用现场吸附聚合沉积法制备导电性良好的聚苯胺复合导电织物.通过单因素试验分析法研究盐酸浓度、过硫酸铵浓度、反应时间、反应温度等工艺条件对导电织物聚苯胺...     

The electromagnetic shielding properties of some conductive knitted fabrics produced on single or double needle bed of a flat knitting machine

In recent years, the use of electrical and electronic devices has grown rapidly. These devices cause electromagnetic interferences, which could threaten human life. In order to solve this problem, intensive research to develop textile surfaces having electromagnetic shielding properties continues. In this paper, we study textile surfaces knitted with conductive copper and stainless steel wires wrapped with acrylic yarns and also core yarns produced by using conductive yarns to test the electromagnetic shielding properties of the fabrics. It was concluded that the knitted structure of the fabrics affected the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Besides, the fabrics knitted on a double needle bed of the knitting machine with higher amounts of conductive yarns and unit weights could not provide the targeted improvement in the EMSE values with respect to the fabrics produced on a single needle bed of the knitting machine.     

自供电纺织基柔性应变传感器研究进展北大核心CSCD

将纺织品与能源收集器和传感器相结合,为物联网时代人体可穿戴电子产品提供一种持续、环保、可穿戴的能源解决方案。本文根据不同的自供电原理将纺织基自供电传感器主要分为摩擦电型、压电型、热电型三大类,综述了近年来自供电纺织基柔性传感器的研究进展,分类介绍它们的供电原理、结构制备、材料选择、应用场景等,总结了目前纺织基柔性传感器在电子皮肤领域的研究进展,并对纺织基柔性传感器存在的问题和前景进行讨论。     

Coating of conductive yarns for electro-textile applications

Conductive yarns are used for integration of sensors and other electronic devices with textile fabrics through weaving, knitting, braiding or embroidery processes. In the lifetime of the textile also several washing cycles might occur. These processes involve rubbing which may lead to displacement of conductive fibres, causing short circuiting between the neighbouring conductive fibres. Also the textile products made with conductive fibres may have to work in the presence of water, where the exposed conductive fibres can get short circuited. In this work, an attempt has been made to protect silver-coated polyamide yarns with polypropylene (PP). This is done through wrapping the PP staple fibres around the silver-coated polyamide yarns through friction spinning and melting the PP sheath fibres in an oven. The influence of twist in the conductive yarns, amount of PP coating and the oven temperature during coating process on the tenacity, electrical insulation in the presence of water and flexibility properties of the coated yarns are studied. The PP coated yarns with plied conductive yarn in the core provide better flexibility but need higher amount of coating to provide complete electrical insulation in the presence of water as compared to those yarns with single conductive yarn in the core.     

Design and fabrication of touch-sensitive polymeric optical fibre (POF) fabric

Polymeric optical fibres (POFs) can be integrated into a textile structure for illuminative fashion and interior fabric applications. In this study, the development of a touch-sensitive POF fabric system through the integration of conductive yarns and an electronic controlling system was explored. Distinct from conventional sensor applications, the capacitive sensor used in this study was embedded into the textile structure using conductive yarns via experimentations with different weave structures. With the embedded controlling system and RGB light-emitting diodes, the POF fabrics were able to transfer sensory signals into illumination. This study combined novel weaving techniques, different materials and electronic system development to develop a multi-touch interface based on textile capacitive sensors that can sense both touch contact and non-contact/proximity. The final prototype can be washed up to 10 laundry cycles. The results demonstrated that multiple functionalities can be integrated into the structure to produce an interactive textile based product.     

针织应力传感器的研究与应用进展

针织应力传感器是一种具有导电性能的纺织材料,作为服装面料时可随人体运动产生显著变形,将织物变形转换为电信号,利用针织应力传感器制备的服装可用于人体日常无感监测。文章从针织应力传感器的传感机理、制备方式及传感性能方面综述了针织柔性传感器的研究现状,从导电纱线、力学模型与性能参数设计方面探讨了当前针织应力传感器存在的主要问题,并阐述了针织应力传感器在人体生理信号监测及运动方面的应用,通过前期的研究对未来针织应力传感器的发展趋势进行了预测。     

静电纺纳米纤维柔性应变传感器的研究现状

为系统分析静电纺纳米纤维应变传感器的设计方法和材料种类对传感性能的影响,进一步明晰其传感机制,综述了碳纳米纤维、聚偏二氟乙烯和聚氨酯纳米纤维基柔性应变传感器的制备方法,比较了这些传感器的敏感系数、应变范围及稳定性等的优势与缺陷,介绍了静电纺纳米纤维材料应变传感器在人体运动、生命健康监测等领域的研究现状和发展趋势。最后提出传感器基体的应变能力及恢复性对其应变范围及稳定性具有决定性影响,其基体形成的导电网络结构在应变过程中易发生结构损伤,且初始电阻越小,基体及导电网络的有效应变范围越大,传感器的性能越好,认为未来开发具有高应变范围、灵敏性及稳定性的静电纺纳米纤维基应变传感器将是一个重要发展方向。     

Three-dimensional weft-knitted textile fabrics-based capacitors

Wearable electronics have evolved from electronic components secured on the human body with straps and belts to partial electronic components integration onto textile structures. Cables and standard components defeat the purpose of the wearable approach by being bulky, rigid and especially not being able to withstand standard textile cleaning/care methods (washing, dry-cleaning, etc.). New 3D textile structures can provide a promising solution. In this research project, we examined the capacitive behaviour of specially prepared 3D weft knitted textile fabrics. The samples knitted specially for this project incorporated conductive outer layers and an insulating inner layer. The outer layers form the plates of the capacitor and the insulating layer plays a role of the dielectric material between the two plates. The structure of these 3D knits allows for inherent capacitive behaviour of the material. These 3D weft-knitted fabrics can be produced on usual existing knitting machines, without any need of dedicated, specialized or expensive equipment. The expected values of the capacitance, based on theoretical calculations, satisfactorily approach the values derived from the measuring process. The ability to customize the structure and hence the capacitance of the 3D fabrics-based capacitors is a positive point towards the design of the textile-based electronics systems in the future. Therefore, the development of textile capacitors based on the 3D fabrics is expected to be an essential contribution to the integration of the wearable system concept.     

Characterization based on the thermal capabilities of metallized fabrics equipped with hybrid conductive yarns for protective clothing

Electronic textiles are recognized for their conductive characteristics in various fields of research including medicine, communications, power and for the development of protective clothing. Out of the several types of conductive textile available, multi-component yarns and fabrics, produced from continuous copper filament as spiral covering on hybrid cover yarns, have never been investigated for their thermal capabilities. In this study, characterization based on the thermal properties for conventional copper core yarn’s fabric and newly developed copper cover yarn’s fabrics was carried out. The results demonstrate better conductivity of copper cover yarn’s fabrics as compared to the copper core conventional fabrics, which is attributed to its better conduction due to greater percentage of copper and direct contact between the heat flux transducers. With the higher porosity values for the newly developed fabric, the liquid water, water vapour and air transport capabilities, which are key aspects of thermal comfort, significantly improved.