茶叶再造烟叶对卷烟烟气挥发性香气成分的影响

以茶叶为添加物,采用涂布的方式,制成含不同比例茶叶的再造烟叶,将其加入叶组制成卷烟样品.用吸烟机捕集卷烟烟气,收集主流烟气的总粒相物,用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)对收集烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片进行萃取,并用GC-MS定性、定量分析烟气化学成分.结果表明,与对照样相比,烟气中各主要香气成分含量均有不同程度的增加,且随着茶叶添加量的增加,10%,14%卷烟样品中主要香气成分总量分别增加64.9%,69.3%.     

淫羊藿滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中的有害成分研究

为研究淫羊藿滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中有害成分的作用,采用对比分析方式,先用吸烟机捕集卷烟烟气,收集主流烟气的总粒相物,再用超声波萃取方法对收集烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片进行萃取,分析烟气中的常规成分（烟碱、焦油、水分）,最后用GC/MS定量、定性分析烟气化学成分。结果表明,与空白样对比,淫羊藿滤嘴对烟碱、总粒相物、焦油量有降低作用,且分别降低了8.60%、10.86%和14.97%;对烟气中的一些有害成分,特别是促癌、致癌的酚类物质的截留效果比较明显,苯酚降低56.6%,对甲苯酚降低32.8%,4-乙基间苯二酚降低50%,2,2’-亚甲基双-（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚）降低29.0%。添加淫羊藿的卷烟滤棒能有效降低烟气中的有害成分,符合\     

淫羊藿滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中的有害成分研究

为研究淫羊藿滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中有害成分的作用,采用对比分析方式,先用吸烟机捕集卷烟烟气,收集主流烟气的总粒相物,再用超声波萃取方法对收集烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片进行萃取,分析烟气中的常规成分（烟碱、焦油、水分）,最后用GC/MS定量、定性分析烟气化学成分。结果表明,与空白样对比,淫羊藿滤嘴对烟碱、总粒相物、焦油量有降低作用,且分别降低了8.60%、10.86%和14.97%;对烟气中的一些有害成分,特别是促癌、致癌的酚类物质的截留效果比较明显,苯酚降低56.6%,对甲苯酚降低32.8%,4-乙基间苯二酚降低50%,2,2＇-亚甲基双-（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚）降低29.0%。添加淫羊藿的卷烟滤棒能有效降低烟气中的有害成分,符合＂中式卷烟＂的发展方向。     

卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析研究

为建立一种卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析方法,以挥发性香味成分的测定值为指标,考察了不同萃取剂对测定结果的影响,最终确定以甲醇为萃取剂;通过对样品进行GC/MS分析,进行质谱检索,结合匹配度,确定了样品中的目标组分;将同种卷烟样品平行测定5次,卷烟烟气粒相挥发香味成分的相对标准偏差在1.98%~7.88%,所测烟气粒相物挥发性香味成分的平均回收率在85.26%~105.59%之间,说明该优化方法可行,适于卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析。     

含碳成型纸降低卷烟烟气有害成分的研究

研究一种新型含碳成型纸对降低卷烟烟气有害成分的影响。结果表明,对两种不同牌号卷烟,使用含碳成型纸可明显降低卷烟烟气总粒相物含量、焦油含量、CO含量,卷烟烟气的烟碱含量亦有所下降。同时该成型纸与醋酸纤维丝束卷制工艺简单,烟支改装不污染机器,成本低。     

涂敷法茶叶烟草薄片的工艺及挥发性成分研究

用涂敷法制成含茶叶比例为0%(空白组),10%,12%,14%,16%的薄片丝,将其以10%的比例加入空白叶组中制成卷烟进行对比研究.先通过评吸比较了不同添加比例情况下的感官差异,然后通过GC-MS定性定量分析烟气的挥发性成分.评吸结果表明:在叶组中适当添加茶叶薄片可以改善卷烟的吸食品质.GC-MS分析结果表明:添加了茶叶薄片的卷烟中,4种不同比例的茶叶添加量叶组卷烟与空白对照样各类香气成分总量相比,醛酮类、杂环类、萜烯类总含量增加都较明显,并且随着茶叶添加比例的增加,烟气粒相物香气物质含量呈增加的趋势,当添加比例为16%时各类物质含量达到最高值(分别为24.9%,27.2%,13.8%);脂类物质变化不明显.这表明,适当添加茶叶薄片可以修饰烟气,增加烟气中致香物质的含量.     

水松纸通风度对卷烟主流烟气中常规成分及香味成分的影响

选用5种不同通风度(0 CU,100 CU,400 CU,800 CU,1 200 CU)水松纸制备卷烟样品,考察不同卷烟样品主流烟气常规成分和17种香味成分的释放量及气相物/粒相物分配比,并对不同卷烟样品进行感官评吸.结果表明:卷烟主流烟气中常规成分释放量和香味成分的总释放量均随着水松纸通风度的增加而降低;香味成分的气相物/粒相物分配比随着水松纸通风度的增加几乎都逐渐升高;因此,在实际生产中选择水松纸,以通风度400 CU为宜.     

非挥发性有机酸与卷烟主流烟气总粒相物pH关系研究

以国内具有代表性的卷烟为研究对象,分别对卷烟样品的非挥发性有机酸含量和卷烟主流烟气粒相物pH进行了测定,通过数学分析研究了非挥发性有机酸含量对烟气粒相物pH的影响.主流烟气粒相物pH值评价指标与有机酸的关联分析结果表明,苹果酸、十五酸、油酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值相对影响较大.对影响主流烟气粒相物pH值的11种非挥发性有机酸的主成分分析结果表明,亚油酸,油酸,苹果酸,棕榈酸,草酸和亚麻酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值相对影响较大.综上可得,苹果酸和油酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值具有较大影响.     

卷烟主流烟气中一氧化碳的研究

CO是卷烟的有害成分之一。通过测定国内44种卷烟烟气成分,确定烟气中CO产生量与卷烟烟气中焦油、总粒相物(TPM)的关系;同时通过外加助燃剂考察了燃烧状态对烟气中CO的影响。气相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中的水分和非散射红外法测定卷烟烟气中的CO,实验数据采用回归分析。结果表明:高焦油、高TPM的卷烟烟气中CO含量也高;添加助燃剂有助于降低卷烟烟气中的CO,且对烟气TPM和焦油影响较小。     

卷烟主流烟气和侧流烟气中半挥发性成分的分析研究

本文对5个牌号国产商品卷烟主流烟气(MS)与侧流烟气(SS)中的半挥发性成分进行了分析研究。卷烟主流烟气总粒相物采用标准方法捕集;卷烟侧流烟气总粒相物采用鱼尾罩装置来收集。采用同时蒸馏萃取前处理分离方法和气相色谱、气质联用分析技术对总粒相物中的半挥发性成分进行了分析。定性分析了主流烟气和侧流烟气中的87种成分;采用内标法对其中38种成分的含量进行了定量分析,测定了这38种成分在侧流烟气与主流烟气中的分配比,并对结果进行了讨论。研究结果表明,卷烟主流烟气和侧流烟气中半挥发性成分种类基本相同,但每种成分的含量有很大的差异;普通卷烟侧流烟气中半挥发性成分的总量明显高于主流烟气,大多数半挥发性成分的侧流烟气含量高于主流烟气。低侧流卷烟侧流烟气中半挥发性成分总量明显低于主流烟气,证实了低侧流卷烟能减少对环境的烟气释放量。      

Determination of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream smoke from domestic cigarettes

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants created primarily from incomplete combustion of various organic materials including tobacco. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of various classes of compounds, including numerous PAHs, in both the mainstream and the sidestream smoke fractions. We measured the levels of 14 PAHs in mainstream smoke from unfiltered custom cigarettes made from individual tobacco types and 30 brands of domestic blended cigarettes using standardized smoking conditions, extraction from the Cambridge filter pads, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Differences in smoke PAHs from cigarettes with selected tobacco blends were identified and illustrate how blend composition contributes to the overall mainstream smoke PAH profile. The PAH levels varied among the different commercial cigarette brands, with the amount of total mainstream smoke PAHs ranging from 1 to 1.6 microg per cigarette. Under machine smoking conditions, the mainstream smoke from domestic cigarettes had individual PAHs ranging from benzo[k]fluoranthene at levels below 10 ng/cigarette to naphthalene at levels of around 500 ng/cigarette. Low delivery cigarettes smoked with blocked filter vent holes dramatically increased the mainstream smoke PAH deliveries with respect to their unblocked counterparts. Inhalation of PAHs and other harmful chemicals from cigarette smoke are unique as they represent a routine voluntary exposure to common environmental pollutants.     

烟丝含水率对主流烟气CO等7种有害成分释放量的影响

为考察烟丝含水率对主流烟气CO等7种有害成分释放量的影响,采用3种饱和盐溶液制备了不同烟丝含水率的卷烟,分别收集3组卷烟的烟气总粒相物、测定主流烟气中CO等7种有害成分的释放量,并对卷烟的物理参数和固相燃烧温度进行了检测。结果表明:①烟丝含水率对7种有害成分的释放量影响不尽相同,随着烟丝含水率的升高,卷烟主流烟气中氨(NH3)、4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、苯酚的释放量呈降低趋势,CO,苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)释放量呈升高趋势,氢氰酸(HCN)及巴豆醛的变化不明显;②烟丝含水率对卷烟的固相燃烧温度没有显著影响,但影响卷烟的燃烧速率(燃烧过程),进而影响了烟气成分的形成、转移和释放。     

VOC and particulate emissions from commercial cigarettes: analysis of 2,5-DMF as an ETS tracer

Emissions of particulate matter (PM) and a broad suite of target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in total, main-stream (MS) and side-stream (SS) smoke emissions are measured for six types of commercial cigarettes. The suitability of 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF) as a tracer for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is investigated using laboratory results and a field study of 47 residences. Over 30 VOCs were characterized in cigarette smoke, including several that have not been reported previously. "regular tar", "low tar", menthol, and nonmenthol cigarettes showed only minor differences in PM and VOC emissions. When total emissions are considered, PM emissions averaged 18 +/- 2 mg cigarette(-1) and VOC emissions averaged 3644 +/- 160 mg cigarette(-1). DMF appears to satisfy all requirements for a tracer, namely, uniqueness, detectability, similar emission factors across tobacco products (211 +/- 16 microg cigarette(-1)), consistent proportions to other ETS compounds, and behavior similar to other ETS components in relevant environments. On the basis of field study results, DMF more reliably indicated smoking status than occupant-completed questionnaires, and cigarette smoking was responsible for significant fractions of benzene (50%), styrene (49%), and other VOCs in the smoker's homes.     

卷烟吸燃耗氧量影响因素

为研究卷烟设计参数、抽吸参数和燃烧速率对卷烟燃吸耗氧量的影响,采用吸烟机和顺磁氧气分析联用系统建立了卷烟吸燃耗氧量的测试方法,考察了不同抽吸条件下和不同设计参数的卷烟吸燃耗氧量变化,并研究了吸燃耗氧量与燃烧速率和烟气常规成分之间的相互关系。结果表明：(1)卷烟吸燃耗氧量随抽吸容量、抽吸持续时间、膨胀烟丝含量、再造烟叶丝含量、卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸钾钠比、卷烟纸填料含量和烟支圆周的增加而升高,随烟支单支质量、膨胀梗丝含量和卷烟纸透气度的增加而降低,随烟丝宽度和卷烟纸助燃剂含量的增加呈先升后降变化趋势。(2)卷烟吸燃耗氧量与卷烟吸燃速率、烟丝静燃速率和卷烟静燃速率显著正相关,与烟碱、TPM、焦油及抽吸口数显著负相关,与水分和CO无显著相关性。     

Waterpipe-associated particulate matter emissions.

Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasingly common worldwide, and evidence about its harmful effects to smokers is emerging. However, no studies have investigated the potential exposure of nonsmokers to waterpipe smoke. We measured particulate matter (PM) emissions (PM2.5, PM10) before and during laboratory sessions in which 20 individuals used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco and 20 individuals smoked a cigarette (10 for each particle-size/smoking-method), as well as 10 waterpipe and 10 cigarette smoldering sessions (i.e., without a smoker). A TSI-SidePak aerosol monitor obtained PM2.5, PM10 background, smoking, and maximum levels. Mean PM2.5 rose 447% for waterpipe (from 48 microg/m3 background to 264 microg/m3 smoking), and by 501% for cigarettes (from 44 microg/m3 to 267 microg/m3), whereas mean PM10 rose by 563% for waterpipe (from 55 microg/m3 to 365 microg/m3), and by 447% for cigarettes (from 52 microg/m3 to 287 microg/m3) (p<.05 for all). The increase in PM during cigarette smoking was due primarily to PM2.5, given that the proportion of PM2.5 from total PM10 increase was 95% compared with 70% for waterpipe (p<.05). Maximum PM2.5 was 908 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 575 microg/m3 for cigarettes, whereas maximum PM10 was 1052 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 653 microg/m3 for cigarettes. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 smoldering levels did not differ from background for waterpipe but were significantly higher for cigarettes (PM2.5: 33-190 microg/m3; PM10: 42-220 microg/m3). Policymakers considering clean air regulations should include waterpipe tobacco smoking, and the public should be warned about this source of smoke exposure.     

不同抽吸模式下烟气冷凝物对人口腔细胞体外生长增殖的影响

为考察卷烟烟气暴露对人口腔细胞体外生长增殖的影响,以肯塔基参比卷烟3R4F 为试验卷烟,人口腔表皮样癌细胞为实验模型,分别在ISO 和加拿大深度抽吸(HCI)模式下制备烟气冷凝物并对细胞进行染毒暴露,评估了两种抽吸模式下烟气暴露对人口腔细胞代谢活性及核酸复制活性的影响,并结合主流烟气总粒相物(TPM)中主要有害成分的释放水平进行了分析。结果表明:①烟气冷凝物暴露对人口腔细胞体外增殖有抑制作用,对人口腔细胞代谢活性以及核酸的复制活性有一定的毒性作用。②HCI 抽吸模式下3R4F 卷烟单位TPM 和单位烟碱中有害成分的释放量低于ISO 模式,HCI 抽吸模式下制备的烟气冷凝物含水率高于ISO 模式,这两种因素是导致3R4F 卷烟HCI 模式下烟气冷凝物细胞毒性弱于ISO模式的主要原因。      

卷烟烟气pH与烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱的关系

对烟气总粒相物pH的测定方法进行了实验研究,确定了准确测定烟气总粒相物pH的方法。对烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱含量的测定方法进行了实验研究,确定了用配备FID的气相色谱仪准确测定烟气总粒相物中的游离烟碱含量的方法。按照国标方法测定烟丝中总植物碱、还原糖、总氮、挥发碱的含量;按照国标方法测定卷烟的焦油、烟碱、水分。请评吸专家对卷烟进行评吸,针对烟气劲头和刺激性进行打分。对测定结果进行分析比较,研究结果表明:烟气中游离烟碱占总烟碱的比例与烟气总粒相物pH呈现显著的线性相关关系;烟丝总氮含量与烟气总粒相物pH呈显著线性相关;烟气烟碱、烟丝总烟碱、还原糖对烟气劲头有较大影响,而对烟气刺激性影响较大的因素有烟气总粒相物pH、烟叶pH、总氮等。      

细支卷烟研究综述

为使国内研发人员准确把握国内外细支卷烟的研究现状,从细支卷烟发展的总体态势、燃吸机理、烟气的形成与传递及安全性评估等方面对细支卷烟进行了综述,并对国内烟草行业未来的细支卷烟研究方向进行了展望。结果表明:与常规卷烟相比,细支卷烟更能给人以愉悦和低风险的感知。国外烟草行业在烟支物理指标、燃吸机理、烟气成分形成与传递以及安全性评估等基础研究方面进行了大量研究,研究也较为深入。国内的相关研究起步较晚,但发展较快,主要涉及制丝、烟用材料、烟气成分以及卷烟设计等方面,研究的深度有待进一步加强。此外,国内烟草行业在燃吸机理及安全性评估方面的研究有所欠缺。      

烟碱转化率与卷烟感官评吸品质和烟气TSNA含量的关系

用具有不同烟碱向降烟碱转化能力的白肋烟鄂烟一号上部叶(2003年)和中部叶(2004年)分别卷制试验卷烟,研究了烟碱转化率与卷烟感官评吸品质和烟丝及烟气中TSNA含量的关系。同一年份的卷烟样品间总生物碱含量无显著差异,烟碱含量和降烟碱含量呈相反趋势变化,从而形成样品间烟碱转化率的梯度差异。感官评吸由5-6名评吸专家组成的评吸小组进行。结果表明,随着烟碱转化率的增高,白肋烟风格程度直线下降,香气质逐渐下降,香气量减少,烟气浓度变淡,生理强度下降,杂气有增加的趋势,余味变劣,口腔残余加重,但刺激性有减小的趋势。两年卷烟样品基本表现相同的趋势,但2003年样品,由于生物碱水平高,不同样品间烟碱转化率的幅度较大,所以各项评吸指标的变化更为明显。随着烟碱转化水平的增高,烟丝和烟气亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)含量和总的烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)含量大幅增加,而其它3种烟草特有亚硝胺含量无较大变化。