高毛细效率纯铜毛细芯制备工艺研究

为了有效提升纯铜毛细芯的毛细效率和传热极限，利用粉末冶金方法制备高毛细效率毛细芯。以氧化亚铜粉末为铜源在不同温度还原制成铜粉，研究了还原温度对铜粉性能的影响。铜粉经模压、烧结制备出了毛细芯，研究了不同还原铜粉、生坯孔隙率、烧结温度等因素对毛细芯孔隙率、最大孔径和渗透率等多孔性能的影响，并观察了还原铜粉和毛细芯的表面显微形貌。结果表明，600～850℃还原温度区间内，随着还原温度提高，铜粉粒度增大，粒度分布宽化，松装密度随之增加；在相同烧结条件下，毛细芯烧结后的最大孔径相比生坯有所增大，毛细芯的最大孔径及孔隙率随着还原铜粉粒度增大和生坯孔隙率(40%～55%区间内)增加而增加，在孔隙率和最大孔径同步增大的耦合作用下渗透率相应增大；600～800℃区间内，提高烧结温度导致烧结毛细芯的最大孔径增大、渗透率增加而孔隙率减小；采用600℃还原所制备的<28μm铜粉在700℃烧结，获得最大孔径2.4μm，孔隙率51.5%，渗透率1.353×10^-13 m²的高毛细效率纯铜毛细芯。     

印刷工艺制备毛细芯的孔隙结构与性能

以平均粒径为55～112μm的电解树枝状铜粉为原料、用尿素作为造孔剂,添加有机成分黏结剂、溶剂等有机物制备成浆料,采用印刷工艺制备毛细芯生坯,然后脱脂烧结制备厚度为(0.2±0.02) mm的毛细芯,研究铜粉粒径、尿素的加入和浆料有机成分对毛细芯孔隙结构和毛细性能的影响。结果表明,造孔剂尿素的加入可提高毛细芯结构的孔隙率、平均孔径和渗透率,降低毛细力和分形维数。随铜粉粒径从112μm减小到55μm,毛细芯的孔隙率、平均孔径、孔隙的平均面积和平均周长、分形维数等孔结构参数、以及毛细芯的渗透率和毛细特性参数均下降,分形维数由1.39下降至1.20,但毛细力上升。分形维数与渗透率相关,随渗透率下降,分形维数逐渐减小;毛细特性参数与渗透率成正比,与毛细力成反比。用112μm铜粉制备的毛细芯性能最优,其渗透率(K)为2.02×10^-10 m²,毛细力(ΔP_c)为1.29 kPa,毛细特性参数(ΔP_c·K)达到2.61×10^-7 N。     

烧结工艺对环路热管用Ni多孔毛细芯性能的影响

以羰基镍粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备热管用Ni多孔毛细芯,研究装料密度、烧结温度、烧结时间等对毛细芯的孔隙率、平均孔径、微观形貌、渗透率及毛细压力的影响规律。结果表明:在烧结温度为750~800℃,烧结时间为30~45 min,装料密度为0.9~1.0 g/cm3条件下烧结,获得的毛细芯具有良好的综合性能,孔隙率为55%~64%,渗透率为1.2~1.7×10-13 m2,毛细压力为200~240 kPa,满足环路热管用毛细芯的性能要求。     

烧结铜基多孔毛细芯的孔隙特征及性能

以Na Cl为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金法制备具有高孔隙率的铜基多孔毛细芯材料,研究造孔剂粉末含量及粒度对毛细芯材料孔隙率、孔隙微观结构、等效孔径大小、渗透性能及抽吸性能的影响,并讨论孔隙结构、等效孔径及性能的关系。研究结果表明:随造孔剂含量增加,材料的孔隙率明显上升,材料内部的预制孔洞数量显著增加,使得许多预制孔洞相互贯通;减小造孔剂粒度会小幅度降低材料的孔隙率,同时使材料内部预制孔洞尺寸明显变小且分布趋向于均匀;毛细芯材料内部的间隙孔洞和预制孔洞可以组成不同类型的孔道,等效孔径大小与材料内部孔道结构及数量密切相关;通过改变造孔剂的含量和粒度,产生不同孔隙结构,可调控材料的等效孔径大小及分布;毛细芯的渗透性能及抽吸性能不仅仅由孔隙率决定,也与材料的孔结构、孔径大小及分布密切相关;孔隙率越高、平均等效孔径越小且孔径分布越集中的毛细芯,其毛细抽吸性能越好。     

环路热管蒸发器的制作与性能测试

研制了羰基镍粉毛细芯,并对其基本性能参数如孔隙度、渗透率以及有效孔径等进行了测试。测试结果表明,该毛细芯孔隙度较大而有效孔径较小,满足研制要求。通过大量实践与尝试,成功解决了环路热管蒸发器制作中的密封与接触两个关键问题,制作出环路热管蒸发器,并搭建环路热管实验台,对蒸发器性能进行了试验测试。结果表明:应用该蒸发器的环路热管能实现可靠的启动,并在热载荷递增测试中表现出良好的工作性能,证实了本文作者提出的蒸发器制作方法的可行性与有效性。     

环路热管双孔径分布毛细结构的研究进展

双孔径分布毛细结构因在高热流密度下的优异传热性能而被越来越多地应用在环路热管蒸发器中。本文总结了环路热管双孔径分布毛细结构的主要类型、形貌特征、制备工艺及内部传热过程;通过分析孔径分布、芯体厚度、蒸气层厚度及气液界面的薄膜蒸发,探讨了双孔径分布毛细结构的传热机理,并与单孔径毛细结构的传热性能进行了对比;最后综述了双孔径分布毛细结构主要热物性参数的计算模型及试验关联式。     

小型环路热管多孔镍毛细芯的研制

本文以镍粉为原料,采用模压成形和冷压烧结方法,探索了一种配方简单、工艺可靠的多孔镍毛细芯的烧结工艺。通过毛细芯芯体和蒸发器的设计,在满足环路热管毛细芯热力性能要求的同时,提出先烧结后机加工的芯体制造方法,使得不同结构形式毛细芯的制作摆脱模具的限制,降低了制造成本,对科研院所实验研究用环路热管毛细芯的制作提供了一种现实的方法,对环路热管在我国的研发和产业化应用具有现实意义。     

粉末粒径和烧结温度对K418高温合金多孔材料显微结构及性能影响

以气雾化K418镍基高温合金球形粉末为原料，经过粉末松装烧结制备出高温合金多孔材料。通过对多孔材料微观结构、渗透性能、毛细性能及压缩强度进行表征，研究了原始粉末粒径和烧结温度对多孔吸液芯样品显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明，随烧结温度增加，样品的平均孔径和孔隙率减小；在相同烧结温度下，随着原始粉末粒径增加，样品的平均孔径和孔隙率增大。在烧结温度为1230℃，粉末粒径为53～150μm的条件下，多孔材料样品综合性能最优，渗透率为13.69×10-15 m2，毛细压力为22.1 kPa，压缩强度为86 MPa。     

多孔镍毛细芯的制备及其力学性能

以羰基镍粉为原料,选用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)作为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金方法制备孔结构和孔隙可控的多孔镍毛细芯。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等检测手段对多孔镍的物相组成、孔隙特征和力学性能进行检测和分析。研究烧结温度、造孔剂PMMA含量和粒径对多孔镍的孔结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随烧结温度升高,多孔镍孔隙率减小,孔径变小,力学性能升高;随造孔剂PMMA含量和粉末粒径增大,孔隙率增加,孔径增大,力学性能下降。在烧结温度为800℃,PMMA体积分数为80%、粉末粒径为5μm条件下制备的多孔镍综合性能最佳,孔隙率为71.9%,平均孔径为2.37μm,抗弯强度和抗压强度分别为25.3 MPa和8.7 MPa。     

Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Al-Ti合金制备多孔材料的组织与性能研究

用粉末烧结法制备了孔结构为球形中空孔和线型中空孔的镍基多孔高温合金材料.对试样进行显微组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明:制备的多孔高温合金材料的孔隙分布均匀,孔径大小一致.通过高温烧结,多孔合金骨架处的金属颗粒之间形成了烧结颈,发生了烧结结合.生成孔的孔隙度随造孔剂(尿素)的添加量增加而增加,当造孔剂的质量分数为40%时,可得到孔隙度为81.62%的球形多孔材料.多孔材料具有优良的能量吸收性能,其压缩性能随孔隙度和孔径的增加而下降.     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.