B-scan based acoustic source reconstruction for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI)

We present in this study, an acoustic source reconstruction method using focused transducer with B-mode imaging for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI). MAT-MI is an imaging modality proposed for noninvasive conductivity imaging with high spatial resolution. In MAT-MI, acoustic sources are generated in a conductive object by placing it in a static and a time-varying magnetic field. The acoustic waves from these sources propagate in all directions and are collected with transducers placed around the object. The collected signal is then used to reconstruct the acoustic source distribution and to further estimate the electrical conductivity distribution of the object. A flat piston transducer acting as a point receiver has been used in earlier MAT-MI systems to collect acoustic signals. In this study, we propose to use B-mode scan scheme with a focused transducer that gives a signal gain in its focus region and improves the MAT-MI signal quality. A simulation protocol that can take into account different transducer designs and scan schemes for MAT-MI imaging is developed and used in our evaluation of different MAT-MI system designs. It is shown in our computer simulations that as compared to the earlier approach, the MAT-MI system using B-scan with a focused transducer allows MAT-MI imaging at a closer distance and has improved system sensitivity. In addition, the B-scan imaging technique allows reconstruction of the MAT-MI acoustic sources with a discrete number of scanning locations, which greatly increases the applicability of the MAT-MI approach, especially when a continuous acoustic window is not available in real clinical applications. We have also conducted phantom experiments to evaluate the proposed method, and the reconstructed image shows a good agreement with the target phantom.     

Imaging electrical impedance from acoustic measurements by means of magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI)

We have conducted computer simulation and experimental studies on magnetoacoustic-tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) for electrical impedance imaging. In MAT-MI, the object to be imaged is placed in a static magnetic field, while pulsed magnetic stimulation is applied in order to induce eddy current in the object. In the static magnetic field, the Lorentz force acts upon the eddy current and causes acoustic vibrations in the object. The propagated acoustic wave is then measured around the object to reconstruct the electrical impedance distribution. In the present simulation study, a two-layer spherical model is used. Parameters of the model such as sample size, conductivity values, strength of the static and pulsed magnetic field, are set to simulate features of biological tissue samples and feasible experimental constraints. In the forward simulation, the electrical potential and current density are solved using Poisson's equation, and the acoustic pressure is calculated as the forward solution. The electrical impedance distribution is then reconstructed from the simulated pressure distribution surrounding the sample. The present computer simulation results suggest that MAT-MI can reconstruct conductivity images of biological tissue with high spatial resolution and high contrast. The feasibility of MAT-MI in providing high spatial resolution images containing impedance-related information has also been demonstrated in a phantom experiment.     

三维磁感应磁声成像的新算法研究

 磁感应磁声成像技术(MAT-MI)作为一种新型无创的电阻抗成像技术,融合了磁感应技术和超声断层扫描技术,提供了高分辨率的成像结果.本研究提出了一种用于MAT-MI计算电导率分布的新型算法,解决电导率重建过程中的奇异值问题,同时又缩短了重建所需时间,并通过计算机仿真构建的三维环状线圈和乳腺模型,验证了算法的稳定性和可靠性.     

基于向量化的稀疏重构解相干算法

针对稀疏重构中正交匹配追踪（Orthogonally Matched Pursuit,OMP）算法解相干问题,利用矢量化的接收数据自相关矩阵,提出一种改进解相干方法——矢量化正交匹配追踪（Vectorized OMP,VO）算法.改进方法只通过矢量化后的一维矢量来重构角度,无需知道信号源的数目,即可降低噪声影响,实现解相干.相对于经典OMP算法,稀疏重构效果更优.理论分析和仿真结果都验证了算法的良好性能.     

基于平滑l_0范数的压缩感知近场声全息方法

传统平面近场声全息(CPNAH)是一类典型的不适定问题,采用波数域滤波或Tikhonov正则化等方法都无法彻底解决,因此,提出一种基于平滑l_0范数的压缩感知平面近场声全息法(SL0-CS-PNAH)。根据全息面上测量声压的特点,采用symlets8小波函数构建正交小波变换矩阵,将其作为重建面质点法向振速的稀疏基。将CPNAH中使用的瑞利(Rayleigh)第一积分公式离散化,确定SL0-CS-PNAH中满足约束等距原则的测量矩阵,设置合适的压缩比,利用测量矩阵对稀疏信号进行压缩采样。在由感知矩阵、全息面测量声压和稀疏向量共同构成的约束条件下,建立稀疏向量的最小l_0范数优化模型,采用平滑l_0范数重建算法求解此模型下的最优化问题,得到质点法向振速的最优稀疏解,再将最优稀疏解和稀疏基相乘恢复重建面质点法向振速。在数值仿真实验中,将测量点由64×64减少到32×64的情况下将传统CPNAH、基于正交匹配追踪算法的压缩感知近场声全息(OMPCS-PNAH)、基于子空间追踪算法的压缩感知近场声全息(SP-CS-PNAH)和SL0-CS-PNAH进行比较。实验结果表明,在相同采样率和压缩比条件下,采用SL0-CS-PNAH的声场重建质量较好且重建效率较高。     

基于具有时序结构的稀疏贝叶斯学习的水声目标 DOA 估计研究

现有的基于CS-MMV（Compressed Sensing-Multiple Measurement Vectors）模型的DOA估计一般都假定信号源为独立同分布（ i．i．d）,算法建立在信号的空间结构上进行分析,而当处理具有时序结构的源信号时表现出性能和鲁棒性差的问题,为此该文提出一种具有时序结构的稀疏贝叶斯学习的DOA算法,该方法通过建立一阶自回归过程（ AR）来描述具有时序结构的水声信号,将信号源的时间结构特性充分应用到DOA估计模型中,然后采用针对多测量矢量的稀疏贝叶斯学习（ Muti-vectors Sparse Bayesian Learning ）算法重构信号空间谱,建立多重测量向量中恢复未知稀疏源的信号的CS（ Compressed Sensing ）模型,最终完成DOA估计．仿真结果表明该方法相对于传统的算法具有更高的空间分辨率和估计精度的特点,且抗干扰能力强．     

基于压缩传感的太赫兹成像

介绍了一种基于压缩传感理论的THz 成像方式,该理论突破了传统奈奎斯特采样定律的限制,可以以远小于图像总像素数的少量测量值来恢复出原始图像,从而很大程度上缩短了成像时间、提高了内存资源的利用率。通过对该理论的分析可知,变换基、测量矩阵和重构算法是该理论的三个重要因素,通过一系列仿真试验,分别对不同的变换基、测量矩阵和重构算法作了对比,根据对比结果,得到了最适合于文中被成像物体的变换基、测量矩阵以及重构算法。最后,利用离轴抛面镜代替聚乙烯透镜搭建了成像系统,得到了初步的试验结果。     

基于小型阵列探头的声波分离方法研究

声级计等现有的声压在线测量工具并不能够抑制干扰噪声对测量精度的影响,针对这一问题提出了一种基于小型阵列探头的声波分离方法,该方法以球波函数叠加逼近理论作为分离算法的基础,可应用于噪声环境下目标对象辐射声压的简易快速准确测量。为验证该方法的可行性,设计了一个由5只传声器组成的小型立体阵列探头,在含有干扰声源的声场中,通过对探头所测得的复声压信号进行声波分离算法处理,便可将测量对象辐射的声波从存在干扰声波的声场中分离开来。数值仿真及实验结果表明,通过该方法可以简易快速地得到较好的声波分离效果。     

基于声能流矢量补偿的水下目标高精度DOA估计

针对各向异性噪声对水下目标方位估计精度产生严重干扰的问题,文中提出了一种基于声能流矢量补偿的水下目标高精度DOA估计方法。该方法基于声压和质点振速联合信息处理技术,在有效降低各向同性噪声影响的同时得到各向异性噪声源分布模型,并根据各向异性噪声场声能流模型对各向异性噪声进行矢量补偿,进一步实现了对各向异性噪声的抑制,达到高精度估计的目的。通过数值仿真对该方法的性能进行了验证。仿真结果表明,在20 dB以下,文中方法精度均高于常规复声强器DOA估计,精度最高提高了21%。     

Tomographic reconstruction of 3-D vector fields using inner productprobes

Inner product probe measurements are defined for tomographic reconstruction of 3-D vector fields. It is shown that one set of measurements is required to reconstruct an irrotational field, two are required to reconstruct a solenoidal field and special probes are required to reconstruct the components of an arbitrary field.     

One-bit compressed sensing recovery algorithm robust to perturbation

One-bit compressed sensing(CS) technology reconstructs the sparse signal when the available measurements are reduced to only their sign-bit. It is well known that CS reconstruction should know the measurement matrix exactly to obtain a correct result. However, the measurement matrix is probably perturbed in many practical scenarios. An iterative algorithm called perturbed binary iterative hard thresholding (PBIHT) is proposed to reconstruct the sparse signal from the binary measurements (sign measurements) where the measurement matrix experiences a general perturbation. The proposed algorithm can reconstruct the original data without any prior knowledge about the perturbation. Specifically, using the ideas of the gradient descent, PBIHT iteratively estimates signal and perturbation until the estimation converges. Simulation results demonstrate that, under certain conditions, PBIHT improves the performance of signal reconstruction in the perturbation scenario.     

基于压缩感知的高光谱遥感影像重构方法研究

高光谱遥感影像包含丰富的空间、辐射以及光谱信息,同时海量的数据也引发了高光谱成像技术在传输和存储方面的诸多问题。针对这一问题,根据高光谱遥感影像谱间相关性强的特性,提出了一种结合谱间多向预测的基于压缩感知的高光谱遥感影像重构方法。首先,根据高光谱遥感影像的谱间相关性对高光谱遥感影像的波段进行分组,每组确定一个参考波段,使用平滑l_0范数算法重构每组的参考波段。其次,根据重构恢复的相邻组内的参考波段,建立了一个非参考波段预测模型,用来计算非参考波段的预测测量值;然后,计算实际测量值与预测测量值的差值,使用SL0算法重构该差值得到差值向量;最后,利用得到的差值向量迭代更新预测测量值,直到恢复该波段原始图像。仿真实验结果表明,该方法提高了高光谱遥感影像的重构效果。     

薄壁圆柱壳体压差式光纤矢量水听器

分析了薄壁圆柱壳体压差式光纤矢量水听器的基本原理.用光纤迈克耳孙干涉法测量水声压差信号,用琼斯矩阵理论分析了干涉系统的偏振衰落原因并用法拉第镜实现偏振补偿.分析了压差判向的声学原理,仿真了余弦指向性曲线.用轴对称问题的准静态弹性力学原理分析了水听器背衬结构模型,得出声压差相移灵敏度的解析式.实验设计并实现了薄壁圆柱壳体压差式光纤矢量水听器样机,其测量的声压相移灵敏度与理论计算结果基本吻合,其指向性测量与计算机仿真分析基本一致.在低频段灵敏度上取得了突破,为低频水声环境应用压差式矢量水听器提供了依据,为小尺寸高灵敏度光纤矢量水听器的研制提供了参考.     

三维温度场声学测量重建及计算机仿真

相比单点温度测量而言,温度场的测量更加重要。温度场声学测量是目前最有发展前景的一种温度场测量方法,国内尚无人开展三维温度场声学测量的研究,为此,采用计算机模拟仿真的方法进行了三维温度场声学测量重建。以最小二乘方法为基础构建了三维温度场声学测量重建算法,以安装了32只声发射/接收传感器、并被均匀地分割成64个空间网格的正立方体型区域为测量空间,在考虑和不考虑＂声线弯曲效应＂的情况下,对球对称型模型温度场进行了仿真重建。仿真结果不仅与理论预测符合得较好,而且在考虑了＂声线弯曲效应＂后,温度场的反演精度有了很大提高,说明＂声线弯曲效应＂是影响温度场重建质量的重要因素之一。     

旋流火焰三维温度场与速度场的同时激光测量

燃烧诊断与流场显示领域的研究热点已延伸至研发同时满足非侵入式、多参量同步测量、定量计算、多维可视化等技术要求的显示、测量新方法。研究复杂燃烧三维温度场和速度场的同时激光测量,表征燃烧化学反应和流场输运的重要特性。提出一种光偏折层析测温方法与粒子图像测速方法相结合的燃烧多参量场激光测量方法。设计温度场和速度场激光测量的实验系统,获取4方向莫尔偏折条纹和4幅火焰粒子图像。同时重建与可视化旋流燃烧温度分布和速度云图、流线、涡量等流场,并分析不同工况下的旋流火焰特性。对直接测量数据与重建结果进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种分块自适应压缩感知图像重构算法

CS理论中,在离散余弦变换下使用OMP算法重构图像时需要较高的测量值可以获得较好的重构效果,但是存在重构图像模糊的问题.为此,提出了基于离散余弦变换的图像分块自适应正交匹配追踪(BAD-OMP)算法.基于分块压缩感知技术,对图像进行均匀分块处理,根据图像块稀疏性进行自适应采样,再用均值滤波算法平滑处理,从而减少重构所需的测量值,降低块效应.仿真结果表明,采样率取0.1 ～0.35 时,BAD-OMP算法重构图像的PSNR值较OMP算法的PSNR值高9～1 1 dB,实现了在低采样率下获得较高的重构质量.     

On the correspondence of asymptotic solutions to 2D and 3D problems in antenna engineering

A method is developed for calculation of the field radiated by a system of vertically polarized dipoles in the presence of perfectly conducting cylinders whose axes are parallel to the axes of the dipoles. The asymptotic representation of a solution to the 3D vector scattering problem is analyzed. It is shown that the radiation field in the azimuthal plane corresponds to the results of the solution of the scalar problem for the coinciding geometry in the plane of the system’s cross section. The correctness of the proposed reduction is confirmed by simulation results.     

一种基于压缩感知的导波场重构方法

导波场分析法可有效识别和表征结构损伤,但受限于奈奎斯特采样定律,全波场信号的采集耗时严重。为提高全波场信号的获取效率,现有方法依靠压缩感知和激光多普勒测振技术,以少量空间测点信号重构出原始波场,然而该类方法依赖具有一定随机性的抖动采样策略,在商用激光多普勒测振系统上不便实现。为解决这一问题,该文提出了一种基于均匀稀疏采样策略的导波场重构方法,并搭建压电片激励/扫描式激光多普勒测振仪传感(PZT激励/SLDV传感)实验平台,对含人工损伤的铝板进行实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法可将空间测点数减少到奈奎斯特采样点数的10%以下,并在导波场重构精度及损伤成像精度方面达到与抖动采样策略的同等水平,且提高了导波场分析法的实用性和工作效率。     

基于随机滤波的探地雷达成像方法

探地雷达是一种超宽带雷达系统,若按传统的奈奎斯特采样,雷达回波信号需要大量空间存储。压缩感知可以实现利用少量的测量值对稀疏信号进行重构,其中最为关键的是测量矩阵和重构算法的选择。本文将压缩感知应用于探地雷达成像,并利用随机滤波的思想选择测量矩阵,可以有效减少测量矩阵中非零值的个数。利用正交匹配追踪算法对信号进行重构,算法简单,降低了数据的存储量和运算复杂度,该算法同样可以对时间和空间上同时压缩的数据进行成像。最后,本文给出基于时间连续信号的GPR接收机一种CS实现方案。仿真结果表明,本文提出的成像方法可以以少量数据精确地对信号进行重构,并且运算量少。      

Feasibility of half-data image reconstruction in 3-D reflectivity tomography with a spherical aperture

Reflectivity tomography is an imaging technique that seeks to reconstruct certain acoustic properties of a weakly scattering object. Besides being applicable to pure ultrasound imaging techniques, the reconstruction theory of reflectivity tomography is also pertinent to hybrid imaging techniques such as thermoacoustic tomography. In this work, assuming spherical scanning apertures, redundancies in the three-dimensional (3-D) reflectivity tomography data function are identified and formulated mathematically. These data redundancies are used to demonstrate that knowledge of the measured data function over half of its domain uniquely specifies the 3-D object function. This indicates that, in principle, exact image reconstruction can be performed using a "half-scan" data function, which corresponds to temporally untruncated measurements acquired on a hemi-spherical aperture, or using a "half-time" data function, which corresponds to temporally truncated measurements acquired on the entire spherical aperture. Both of these minimal scanning configurations have important biological imaging applications. An iterative reconstruction method is utilized for reconstruction of a simulated 3-D object from noiseless and noisy half-scan and half-time data functions.