基于FLUENT的人工淹没射流喷嘴流场仿真

根据Fluent流体仿真软件和人工淹没射流喷嘴内流场的特点,基于流体力学基本理论,对人工淹没射流喷嘴进行了仿真研究。通过数值模拟计算,得到了人工淹没射流喷嘴的压力分布云图和速度分布矢量图和静压力分布图等。模拟结果表明,在人工淹没射流喷嘴的圆柱段存在速度最大值,射流在圆柱段出口处与周围的水产生了强烈的剪切作用,出现了流速不均匀和脉动现象,再加上圆柱段出口端明显的负压区,这些都为空化作用的产生提供了有利条件。     

静止均匀环境中淹没铅直射流的试验研究

本文根据实测的实验资料,论述了静止均匀环境中淹没铅直射流的横断面流速分布及其轴线速度的变化规律。对射流核长度、射流扩散角与出口弗劳德数、淹没水深之间的关系进行了探讨。并将上述成果与国内外的实验、数值计算的成果进行了对比。     

垂直洞塞出口冲击区壁面压强特性

垂直洞塞作为一种新型消能工,其出口水流状态可视为淹没射流,出流区域为射流冲击区,受结构自身特点的影响,该类射流的流速大,射流冲击区壁面受到的压强大,为探索垂直洞塞出口冲击区附近有界区域内的壁面压强分布规律,为结构设计及水力设计提供科学依据,作者结合某大型泄洪洞工程,采用模型试验、理论推导及数值模拟相结合的方法,针对不同的出口射流流速及不同压坡位置,研究了垂直洞塞出口射流冲击区的壁面压强特性。结果表明：冲击压强的试验和数值模拟结果吻合良好;当轴线上压强测点同压强最大值处的距离和压强半宽值的比值小于1时,试验及数模得到的壁面压强与理论分析曲线贴合,但当该比值大于1时,且压坡段与射流中心之间距离和射流直径之比较小时,两者结果明显高于理论曲线,理论曲线此时不适用。定量分析表明：随着下游压坡段与射流中心之间距离的增加,底板轴线压强分布逐渐贴合理论曲线;当压坡段与射流中心之间距离和射流直径之比大于2.35时,冲击区下游压坡段位置对底板压强半宽值无显著影响,各试验组次中底板压强半宽约为射流直径的0.3倍;射流冲击区内,顶部和侧壁壁面的压强随着离射流中心的距离减小而降低,在泄洪洞上游封堵处压强达到最大值。     

独头巷道受限贴附射流不同射口形状流场特征数值模拟

为了研究不同射口形状对独头巷道压入式通风流场特征的影响,根据矿山实际情况,在建立了独头巷道受限贴附射流流场数学模型的基础上,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent模拟分析了渐变收缩型射口、渐变扩张型射口和普通射口射流流场的特征分布,结果表明:渐变收缩型射流出口轴线流速与普通风筒相比得到了较大的提高,风流紊动强度最高;渐变扩张型射流出口轴线速度最低,风流紊动强度最低;独头巷道压入式通风受限贴附射流的流场区域可分为贴附射流区、冲击射流贴附区和回流区,渐变收缩型射口各流场区域的风流流速最大;射流风流与壁面贴附后逐步形成圆形镜像体,渐变扩张型射口镜像体面积最大;渐变收缩型射口射流速度和回流速度虽最大,但射流面积最小.     

掺气射流水下扩散浓度分布规律研究

本文对掺气射流在水垫塘扩散的浓度分布规律进行了理论分析与试验研究．实测资料表明：在冲击射流区，掺气射流不同断面的浓度分布存在一定的自模性，且近似符合高斯分布，与理论计算基本吻合．射流轴线浓度沿射流流程以双曲线规律衰减，并给出其半经验公式．     

淹没射流流场演化过程研究

摘要：采用大涡模拟方法（LES）研究了淹没射流紊动流场的演化过程,分析了速度、压力、涡量的演化规律和它们之间的内在联系。研究发现,压力场等值线呈一簇簇同心圆分布,沿射流轴线方向圆心高压和圆心低压交错分布,随着射流的进行,同心圆随射流下移并伴有变形、分裂、融合等现象;分析速度场发现射流轴线处存在高速流体团脱落现象,在固定点处的速度和压力大小有很好的负相关关系;分析涡量场发现涡旋的摆动造成了射流主体的摆动,涡旋的存在导致了压力场圆心低压和圆心高压交错分布的现象。     

掺气对射流轴线速度衰减影响的试验研究(“研究生论坛”稿件)

通过物理模型试验,采用CQY—Z8a型针式掺气流速仪测量了掺气射流的轴线速度,对不同条件下的掺气射流轴线速度衰减情况进行了对比研究,分析了入射水流速度、掺气浓度以及射流水股厚度对射流轴线速度衰减的影响,获得了掺气射流轴线速度衰减的变化规律。结果表明：在本试验条件下,射流轴线速度呈线性衰减;入射水流速度对射流轴线速度衰减基本没有影响,表现为不同入射水流速度时,各衰减趋势基本一致;掺气浓度越大,射流轴线速度衰减越快;射流水股厚度越小,射流轴线速度衰减越快。因此提高射流水体的掺气浓度,尽可能分散入水水体,可以加快射流轴线速度衰减,有效减弱射流对下游河床的冲刷。     

分流孔直径对射流式液动锤性能的影响

为了对射流式液动锤内分流结构进行优化设计,应用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)动态分析技术,研究了分流孔直径对射流式液动锤冲击性能参数和射流元件喷嘴处过流断面平均流速的影响,并进行了实验验证.结果表明:不同分流孔直径条件下,冲击功理论计算值与实测值最大相对误差不大于10%,冲击频率理论计算值与实测值最大相对误差小于11.5%;冲击功随着分流孔直径的增大近似以抛物线形式下降;冲击频率和射流元件喷嘴处过流断面平均流速随着分流孔直径的增大近似呈线性下降趋势.该研究解决了此前在设计阶段无法计算分流条件下液动锤性能参数和射流元件喷嘴处平均流速大小的问题,可为油气钻井用射流式液动锤内分流结构的优化设计提供参考.     

Al-水纳米流体冲击射流流动换热特性研究

实验以Al-水纳米流体为工质对冲击射流冷却系统的综合性能进行了研究,主要研究了纳米流体与水在不同流速、不同射流条件下冲击射流的换热效率并分析了对于分散剂对射流工质影响。结果表明:对于添加了纳米流体的冲击射流冷却系统,射流换热效率得到显著提高,但对于系统的压降并没有很大的改变。对比不同的射流条件:存在一个特定的射流高度,使换热系数达到最大值;换热面的形式对冲击射流有着明显影响,内弧面换热面可以有效提高冲击射流的换热系数。     

冲击式脉冲射流在指数型喷咀内瞬态过程的研究

在隧道掘进中,对脉冲射流掘进机（水炮）的研制得到了一定的成果。而且在煤矿的巷道掘进中也逐渐在进行工业性试验。但是对脉冲射流的力学分析则进行得不多。鲍利参对爆炸产生脉冲射流进行了分析计算。瑞明对不可压缩流体的自由水团形成的脉冲射流进行了解析计算。格林利用有限差分法对可压缩流体的自由水团形成的脉冲射流进行了计算。本文对冲击式脉冲射流在指数型喷咀内的瞬态过程进行分析研究。     

Analysis of chamber effect on intermittent pulsation

A numerical study was conducted to seek an optimized dimension of jet chamber in the pulsating impinging flow.The flow and heat transfer effect of the pulsation flow through a jet chamber was investigated.The numerical results indicate that heat transfer effective enhances near the stagnation region for the intermittent pulsed flow with jet chamber compared to that without jet chamber.Simulations of the flow through a jet chamber show that the heat transfer rate on the impingement surface is highly dependent on the velocity at the position which is really close to target surface.Examination of the velocity field suggests that the velocity exists a maximum value as the axis distance increases.In addition,the velocity at the jet hole is enlarged by the jet chamber due to the entrainment effect,and the velocity is amplified even greater as the size of the jet chamber becomes bigger.Nevertheless,the velocity declines quickly while the flow axis distance is more than a certain range,leading to poor heat transfer.Thus,intermittent pulsed flow with jet chamber is suggested as a method of improving heat transfer by employing larger dimensions of jet chamber for appropriate jet-to-surface spacing.     

Experimental investigation of submerged impinging jets in a plunge pool downstream of large dams

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表中孔水舌空中碰撞消能试验研究

通过模型试验，研究了碰撞角和流量比与碰撞消能效果的关系，提出射流碰撞的主要作用在于分散水流，在确定流量比是不必拘泥于流量比等于1的传统思路，采用小股射流碰撞大股主射流，同样能起到分散水流的作用，改善下泄水流进入水垫塘时的入流条件，从而提高碰撞消能效果，试验表明，在碰撞角较大时，中表孔流量经达到0．2时即可使水舌充分散裂。     

不对等射流空中碰撞扩散消能研究

本文在总结挑流碰撞消能已有研究成果的基础上,提出射流空中碰撞消能的主要作用在于分散水流,用小股射流碰撞大股主射流,可以使主射流充分分散,达到消能目的。通过模型试验,分析了不对等射流的水力特性,研究了满足消能需要的最小流量比,从而提出了不对等射流空中碰撞消能的新思路,并为创造这一新的消能方式打下了初步基础。     

洞塞泄洪洞的3维数值模拟研究

为解决高水头、大流量、出口尾水位低导流洞改建洞塞泄洪洞的布置和消能问题,提出了"垂直洞塞+压坡洞塞+水平洞塞组"这种新型的洞塞布置和消能形式,并采用RNGk-ε双方程模型和VOF方法,对采用该种新型洞塞布置形式的洞塞泄洪洞的流场进行了3维紊流数值模拟,得到了压强、流速、消能率等重要水力特性的分布规律,且将部分计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,结果吻合良好,验证了采用该数值方法计算强紊动、强剪切射流以及大尺度漩涡流动的可行性.同时,研究结果也表明,某水电站非常泄洪洞采用"垂直洞塞+压坡洞塞+水平洞塞组"的消能模式消能,洞内能形成较强的紊动,消能效果好,满足工程要求.     

Numerical simulation on influence of jet angle on jets characteristics in flowing ambient fluid

Based on the stress-algebraic model,the turbulent buoyant jet with variable density was studied by the relation between density and concentration.A simple expression for buoyancy coefficient was proposed.The governing equations of turbulent buoyant jet with variable density were closed by introducing the expression of β and the relation between density and concentration.Numerical results for the jet axis with density difference agree well with experimental ones.By finite volume method,the 2-D vertical jet's flow field with different jet angles was studied.The analysis of the relation among the vortex center,the position of separation point and jet angles shows that the circumfluence field is the largest when the jet angle is 90°.The area turbulent kinetic energy kA is proposed and the relationship between mixing intensity and jet angles is analyzed based on it.Results show that the jet angle of is the optimum condition for jet water mixing with environment water;and the reduced rate of difference between the centerline density of jet and the density of ambient water is the largest at the jet angle of 90°.     

超音速气流粉碎机等流能喷嘴计算

本文应用定常二维无旋超音速流的数值方法——特征线法分析了超音速气流粉碎机的喷嘴流动,给出了设计等流能喷嘴管壁型线的计算方法.     

Experimental study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of synthetic jet driven by piezoelectric actuator

To investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a synthetic jet driven by piezoelectric actuator, experimental investigation utilizing particle image veloci- metry, hot-wire anemometer and infrared camera was carried out. The results show that: (1) At the jet orifice exit, pairs of vortexes are generated, broken down and merged together periodically, forming a steady jet within a several slot width from distance near the orifice exit. And during the development, the synthetic jet spreads rapidly along the minor axis direction of the orifice. While along the major axis direction, the synthetic jet contracts firstly and then spreads slowly. (2) Exci- tation frequency forced on the actuator has a great effect on the synthetic jet flow field. There are two resonance frequencies at which the mean velocity and vorticity of the synthetic jet are maximized, especially at the higher resonance frequency. The resonance frequency values obtained by the experiment are lower than the theoretical values. (3) Similarly to the common jet impingement, the convective heat transfer coefficients at the target surface impinged by the synthetic jet also take on up-down tendency varying with the jet-to-surface spacing increment. But the jet-to-surface spacing ratio for optimum cooling achievement is greater and the cooling action region is wider than the former, indicating that the synthetic jet in- troduces a stronger entrainment and more vigorous penetration in the surrounding fluid.