Multiscale toggle contrast operator-based mineral image enhancement

Mineral image is one type of crucial data for mineral research and analysis. However, some mineral images are not clear in some cases. To efficiently enhance mineral images and therefore benefit the applications of these images, a multiscale toggle contrast operator based algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the toggle contrast operator is discussed. Secondly, the multiscale toggle contrast operator using structuring elements with different sizes is given. Thirdly, the multiscale toggle contrast operator is used to enhance the original image at different scales. Finally, the final enhanced image is constructed from the multiscale enhanced results. Because multiscale structuring elements are used, the algorithm performs efficiently and produces few noises. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient for mineral image enhancement. More importantly, the proposed algorithm could be also used in other types of images, such as visual image, medical image and so on, for image enhancement.     

Automated recognition of atypical nuclei in breast cancer cytology specimens by iterative image transformations

In order to develop an objective grading system for nuclear atypia in breast cancer, an image analysis technique has been applied for the automated recognition of enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei in cytology specimens. The image segmentation algorithm, based on the ‘top hat’ image transformation developed in mathematical morphology, is implemented on the LEYTAS automated microscope system. The performance of the segmentation algorithm has been evaluated for fifty malignant and eighty-five benign breast lesions by visual inspection of the displayed ‘flagged’ objects. The mean number of flagged objects per 1600 image fields for breast cancers was 887 (range 0–7920) of which 87% consisted of single, atypical nuclei. For benign lesions the mean number was 30 (range 0–307) of which 20% were single nuclei. By adaptation of the ‘top hat’ parameter values, a more extreme subpopulation of atypical nuclei could be discriminated. The large interspecimen variation in the breast cancer results was related to differences in DNA content distribution and mean nuclear area, determined independently with scanning cytophotometry, and to some extent with the histological type.     

Microtomography

The possibility of reconstructing the interior arrangement of a specimen non-destructively is determined by the degree of absorption of X-ray radiation in the object. Microtomography systems based on X-ray TV microscopes enable objects with a high absorption (including metals), and up to several millimetres in size, to be investigated with a spatial resolution of tens of microns. SEM-based microtomography systems permit specimens up to 1–2 mm in size to be studied with a resolution up to several microns. Furthermore, the SEM gives the unique possibility of reconstructing objects from other characteristic properties affecting the electron beam, such as magnetic fields.     

基于数学形态学的图像二值化算法

提出了一种基于灰度形态学的二值化算法,获得了包含丰富边缘细节的二值图像。是一种简单,快速,实用的图像二值化算法。     

基于数学形态学的激光拼焊熔池图像处理研究

基于拼板激光焊接工程中的实时检测系统，应用数学形态学中的相关图像处理技术，提出了一种新的熔池图像处理流程模型，并通过实验得到了三种清晰的熔池边缘图像，同时验证了该模型的正确性。将算法与经典算法进行比较，证明了该算法对于激光拼焊的适用性和鲁棒性。     

数字图像几种边缘检测方法的比较分析

数字图像的边缘检测是数字图像处理的基本问题之一.就几种经典的图像边缘检测算子以及数学形态法进行了综述,并利用Canny算子以及数学形态法进行边缘检测,总结出相对比较好的图像边缘检测方法,为在实际应用中某些要求边缘宽度较细的检测场合提供了参考.     

Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Pseudomonas putida behavior in the presence of organic solvents

This work aimed at studying the behavior and tolerance of Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805, Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 and Pseudomonas putida S12 cells in the presence of various concentrations of water miscible (ethanol, butanol, and dimethylformamide, up to 50% v/v) and water immiscible solvents (dodecane, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and toluene, up to 5% v/v). When incubated in the presence of these solvents, the cells were found to have lower tolerance to butanol and toluene than to the remaining solvents. Nevertheless, the concentrations of solvents endured by the tested strains show that they are quite solvent-tolerant, confirming their potential as biocatalysts in nonconventional systems. Microscopic observation of samples showed that the hydrophobic Mycobacterium sp. and R. erythropolis cells were able to aggregate to protect the population under stress conditions. Comparison of the results obtained at the single cell level by fluorescence microscopy and colony development on agar plates indicated that the primary effects of most solvents tested were on the cell membrane and replicating capability of the cells.     

基于CCD图像的表面裂纹检测

提出了一种基于CCD图像处理技术的表面裂纹检测方法,采用灰度阈值法对图像进行分割,然后应用数学形态学的方法对图像进行缺陷修补与细化,最后获取表面裂纹的位置和长度,并对裂纹的扩展速率进行了预测。将这种裂纹检测方法运用到裂纹自动检测系统和裂纹扩展行为监测中,不仅可以大大降低劳动时间和劳动强度,而且提高了测量的准确性。     

一种抑制声呐图像散斑噪声的形态学滤波器

声呐图像散斑噪声抑制是声呐图像处理领域重要的难题。设计一种抑制声呐图像散斑噪声的形态学滤波器。该滤波器中,对于每一个尺度,利用不同方向的2种结构元素分别对声呐图像进行闭开、开闭运算,将运算结果以图像熵比值作为融合准则进行图像融合得到该尺度下的一级滤波图像;利用该尺度下另外2种不同方向的结构元素分别对一级滤波图像进行闭开、开闭运算,将运算结果以图像熵比值作为融合准则进行图像融合得到该尺度下的二级滤波图像。然后,将不同尺度下的二级滤波图像以图像熵比值作为融合准则进行图像融合得到最后的滤波图像。实验结果表明,与中值滤波、Lee滤波、Kuan滤波、Frost滤波等比较,设计的滤波器有更好的抑制声呐图像散斑噪声能力,而且不降低图像边缘保持能力。     

精密表面缺陷的数字化检测系统研究

精密表面疵病的自动检测长期以来一直是期待解决的问题。依据显微散射光成像系统对元件表面上的划痕、麻点、气泡等疵病形成暗背景下的亮疵病图像,提出了一个完整的数字化标准的精密表面疵病检测评估体系。首先利用比值匹配原理对xy两方向平移得到的子孔径扫描图像进行拼接。引入数学形态学实现疵病识别。运用膨胀、腐蚀、细化等算法,对二值化图像进行噪声消除,图像分割和特征提取。项目的研究成果已能分辨微米量级的疵病,为建立国内外疵病的数字化标准评价系统提供有力的理论及实验依据。     

Practical method for noise removal in scanning electron microscopy

A new smoothing filter has been developed for noise removal of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. We call this the complex hysteresis smoothing (CHS) filter. It is much easier to use for SEM operators than any other conventional smoothing filter, and it rarely produces processing artifacts because it does not utilize a definite mask (which usually has processing parameters of size, shape, weight, and the number of iterations) like a common averaging filter or a complicated filter shape in the Fourier domain. Its criterion for distinguishing noise depends simply on the amplitude of the SEM signal. When applied to several images with different characteristics, it is shown that the present method has a high performance with some original advantages.     

数学形态学在工件识别预处理中的应用

结合工件预处理的实际情况，将形态学的开、闭运算运用于工件轮廓的修整、图片的去噪处理，将形态学的腐蚀或膨胀及图像相减运算结合运用于工件的边缘检测，并以实例证明了该方法是切实可行的。     

动车开闭罩装配吸盘夹具系统设计与分析

为提高动车组开闭罩的装配效率,降低工人的劳动强度,配合机械手装配,针对开闭罩不规则的外形和易损伤的材质,提出一种专用吸盘夹具。该吸盘夹具能够适应开闭罩不规则的外形,容许开闭罩加工误差,实现配合机械手完成自动装配任务。在设计中实行多种防掉落方案,保证系统的安全性,通过对每个吸盘进行受力分析,运用有限元分析法确定吸盘夹具的易损位置,指导吸盘夹具后期维护。对开闭罩进行变形分析,避免安装过程对工件造成损伤。该吸盘夹具大幅缩短装配时间,降低装配难度,取得了很好的实际应用效果。     

Contrast matching in a sequence of images by histogram normalization

Variations in contrast between digital light microscopy images of a video sequence can be filtered out by matching the contrast of each individual image in the sequence to a reference image using the principle of histogram matching. This ensures the reliability of grey-scale threshold values in each frame within an image sequence. Here we describe examples of digital image-to-image contrast matching as applied to video light microscopy.     

多图像融合Retinex用于弱光图像增强

为解决弱光图像增强过程中对比度增强和自然度保持问题,本文提出一种基于Retinex的多图像自适应加权最小二乘滤波算法。首先,在图像的每个像素的R,G,B三通道中找到最大亮度值作为该像素的初始照明估计,根据Retinex理论生成反射图像,并通过形态学闭合方式调整反射图;接着,在初始照明图基础上,通过Gamma变换和双对数变换方法分别生成全局对比度增强图和局部自然度保持照明图;随后,设计一种自适应加权最小二乘滤波融合策略将三幅照明图融合成最终照明估计图;最后合成上述的最终照明图和调整反射图以获得弱光增强后的图像。实验结果表明,本文所提出算法的亮度顺序差(LOE)及盲图像质量评价(NIQE)值更低,可同时降低到4.12和3.25,较其他方法表现出更好的增强效果。证明了本文算法能有效地增强弱光图像对比度,同时保持图像自然度。