Application of nuclear analytical techniques to trace elements in Cenozoic basalt and their mantle xenoliths from Aershan area in Inner Mongolia, China

Basaltic samples from different locations in Aershan area determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) have the same distribution patterns of REE and trace elements. The similar REE contents of the same minerals without inclusions from different xenolith suggest that the mantle source region under different active volcanoes have the same composition. The REE content differences between the same minerals with and without melt inclusions selected from the same mantle xenolith indicate that the melt inclusions are rich in REE. The same patterns of trace elements of inclusions and host minerals from different xenolith analyzed by SRXRF suggest that the mantle fluid has no notable heterogeneity in Aershan area.     

用同步辐射X荧光分析血浆蛋白质的微量元素

用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)分析技术与凝胶色谱生化分离相结合，分析了用抗肿瘤药物顺铂处理过的和未处理过的小鼠血浆的大分子蛋白质。对以轻元素为基体的小量样品，用X荧光谱中的康普顿散射强度作为质量的因子，获得了在大于22ku分子量的蛋白质中Pt、S、Ca、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Br和Sr等元素含量在不同样品问的相对变化。由此推测，经顺铂处理后，Pt元素可与血浆中的大分子蛋白结合，含CM和S的大分子蛋白含量明显升高，而含Zn的减少。     

用同步辐射X射线荧光微探针技术研究硝酸镧对单个平滑肌细胞内重要元素分布的影响

应用同步辐射X射线荧光微探针技术（SRXRF），观察稀土元素化合物硝酸镧La(NO3)3(浓度为10^-8mol/L）对培养的单个大鼠平滑肌细胞内重要元素分布的影响，获得La(NO3)3作用4h,8h,24h时单个细胞内P，K，Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn,La等元素含量的相对计数。实验中观察到，10^-8mol/L La^3 持续作用后，细胞内K，Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn等元素含量分布发生改变。结果表明，La^3 可能富集在细胞内，影响细胞内某些重要元素含量的分布，可能是引起细胞生理生化变化的机制之一。     

Brain trace elements and aging

Degenerative mechanisms involved in the aging process of the brain are to a certain extent counteracted by repair mechanisms. In both degenerative and recovery processes, trace elements are involved. The present study focused on the role of two minor (i.e., K and Ca) and six trace elements (i.e., Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Rb) in the aging process. The elements were determined by PIXE in cerebral cortex and white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellar cortex of 18 postmortem human brains, from persons without a history of neurologic or psychiatric disease who deceased between the age of 7 and 79. This age range allowed us to study the relationship between elemental concentrations and age. The most prominent findings were a concentration decrease for K and Rb and a concentration increase for the elements Ca, Fe, Zn and Se. The study supports recent findings that Ca and Fe are involved in brain degenerative processes initiated by oxygen free radicals, whereas Zn and Se are involved in immunological reactions counteracting the aging process.     

Mantle metasomatism for metaperidotite from Shuanggou ophiolite of Yunnan Province by proton microprobe

This study shows that olivine,serpentine and orthopyroxene are enriched with compatible element Ni;clinopyroxene with Ni and Y;spinel strongly with Ni,Zn,Ga,Ge,As and Zr;chlorite with Ni,Zn,Sr and Zr,However,grossulatrite is poor in all of these trace elements,except Sr.The trace element composition and distribution in the minearls are heterogeneous.The distributions of trace elements in the minerals further demonstrate that they result from mantle metasomatism under open system.     

PIXE法分析棉酚对大鼠血清中微量元素的影响

PIXE(质子激发X射线发射)分析法适合分析生物医学样品中的微量元素。分析血清不仅取样方便和制靶容易,而且能观察某些疾病与血中微量元素异常的关系。 棉酚是我国发现的男性避孕药,具有肯定的抗生育作用。但也发现个别用药者出现肌无力等症。我们考虑到棉酚的副作用可能与它对人体内某些元素的影响有关。本实验用PIXE法分析大鼠血清中的微量元素,观察了醋酸棉酚对这些元素的影响。     

儿童多动综合症患者头发微量元素分析

本文报道了144例7至14岁男性儿童头发中Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb六种元素的含量。测量采用同位素源激发的X射线分析方法。结果表明儿童多动综合症(简称MBD)与头发中的微量元素有一定关系。患者人发中Fe、Cu、Zn含量显著低于正常组。这些变化影响神经系统发育,导致神经递质减少,使儿童自控能力低下。结果与公认的发病机制相符,多元素分析可说明各元素存在的相互制约作用,为诊断提供依据。     

In situ analysis of human teeth by external PIXE

The elemental profiles of the enamel, cementum and caries of human teeth were analysed by the external proton induced X-ray emission studies. Ten elements namely P, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Sr and Pb were estimated in the present study. P and Ca were found to be the major elements whereas all other elements were found in trace level. It was observed that the respective concentrations of elements namely P, Ca, Fe, Zn and Pb in enamel are more than those in cementum. Concentration of P ranged between 6.37% and 25% whereas Ca ranged between 12.94% and 43.36%.     

乳腺肿瘤组织中的微量元素分析

用同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)技术分析了正常乳腺组织、良性乳腺肿瘤组织和乳腺癌组织中微量元素的种类、相对含量等.根据SR-XRF的结果,在这三种组织中微量元素的种类是相同的,但相对含量是不相同的,特别是正常组织和肿瘤组织中的Ca、Fe和Zn的差异相当明显.肿瘤组织中S、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Se的相对含量与正常组织中含量具有正相关性,即肿瘤组织的含量相对于正常组织是增加的,而K和Ca则是负相关性.P在正常乳腺组织和良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的含量基本不变,但在癌变组织中略有下降.恶性肿瘤中的Fe和Zn是正相关性,而在良性肿瘤中则是负相关性.可见:正常、良性和癌变的乳腺组织中微量元素的相对含量是不同的,可以为乳腺癌的诊断提供有用信息.     

In situ analyses of gallstone inner layers by external PIXE

External proton induced X-ray emission analyses were carried out to study the elemental profile at different points of two mixed gallstones inner layers. It was observed that ten minor/trace elements namely P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr were present in the mixed gallstone layers. Among the elements detected, Ca shows the highest concentration whereas Br, Rb and Sr were found only at some points in trace level. Concentrations of Ca and P were observed to be the highest in the core of the gallstones. The presence of high amount of Cu and Zn on the surface of the gallstones, as compared to other layers, may be due to contamination with bile.     

X射线工作者血清中某些微量元素的含量

利用全自动质子激发 X 射线(PIXE)分析系统,对34名长期从事 X 射线临床诊断的工作人员血清中七种微量元素的含量进行了测定,采样时他们的实际工龄都已在10年或10年以上。以32名一般医务人员作为对照。结果发现:X 射线工作者血清中的溴、氯和钾三种元素的含量比对照组高;而钙、铜、锌和铁四者比对照组低。工龄较长的,其血清中微量元素含量的变化就更明显,其中血清铁含量的减少与对照组比较,出现显著性差异(p<0.05)。     

Micro－PIXE analysis of trace element composition and their distribution in minerals of mantle peridotite

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Roadside dust contamination with toxic metals along industrial area in Islamabad,Pakistan

An investigation has been carried out to understand the contamination characteristics of roadside dust in the industrial area of Islamabad, Pakistan. The amounts of Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ga, As, Se and Cd were determined from 95 roadside dust samples collected along the Islamabad industrial area using Proton Induced X-ray Emission （PIXE）. The results indicated that concentrations of all elements, except Cd, in the roadside dust were significant. The results of the enrichment factor show that the elementary composition of the roadside dust could be categorized as soil elements from the crust of the earth and elements from anthropogenic pollution. The high enrichment factors imply that elements such Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ni, Co and S came from anthropogenic activities. The source of metal contamination was identified using multivariate statistical analysis. It has been concluded that Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Mn and Fe mainly originate from crustal sources; Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Ga are associated with point-sources from industrial pollution/traffic; and S, Cl, K, As and Se are mainly related to oil/coal combustion.     

同步辐射X荧光分析海州香薷根中铜结合蛋白的微量元素

利用Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤从Cu处理海州香薷根中分离得到两个不同的铜结合蛋白。用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)分析了两个蛋白的微量元素,结果表明分子量较小的铜结合蛋白2与Cu络合能力要强于分子量较大的铜结合蛋白1。另外,Pb、Fe和Zn等金属元素可以与铜结合蛋白竞争结合。两个铜结合蛋白中S含量都很低,说明海州香薷根中铜结合蛋白可能并不以含硫量较高的金属硫蛋白(MTS)或植物络合肽(PCs)为主。实验证明SRXRF技术可以很好地用于凝胶过滤分离蛋白的元素分析。     

Trace element metabolism in liver cells after copper sulphate uptake

The importance of copper in liver cirrhoses is still unclear. This we want to investigate in an in vitro experiment. Hepatocytes are cultured on foils to form cellular monolayers, which are exposed to CuSO₄ solution. The trace elements P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br are determined by PIXE, scanning the proton microbeam in two dimensions across selected regions of the cell cultures. The concentration averages over positions covering the interior of hepatocytes or the intercellular gaps are formed and the behaviour of the various trace elements is studied as a function of the copper solution exposure time. In some cases cell nuclei are identified and evaluated separately.     

Analysis of blood and tissue in gallbladder cancer

Particle induced X-ray emission, particle induced γ-ray emission studies has been carried out to analyse normal and carcinoma tissues and blood samples of gallbladder of both sexes and seventeen trace elements namely Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br and Pb were estimated in the tissue and blood samples. In the present study, concentration of Zn in the carcinoma gallbladder tissue is less than that of the normal gallbladder tissue. Tobacco habit could be one of the important factors to decrease the elemental concentrations in blood and tissue samples.     

Proton microprobe studies of the mineralization process in selected organic matrices

The application of the proton-induced X-ray emission method in combination with a proton microprobe (micro-PIXE) to studies of the mineralization process in selected organic matrices is presented. The flat-bone mineralization of the skull of 17–19 days pregnancy mouse embryos is described in detail. The section thickness as well as concentrations of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Zn and Br were determined using the raster- or line-scan irradiation mode. On the basis of Ca and P contents the amount of inorganic phase was determined for each sample under investigation, while the Ca/P ratio was used for the identification of the chemical compounds within inorganic material. In the embryonal bones we observed almost stoichiometric hydroxyapatite; however, in the intramembranaceous ossification of the young (17 day) animals, octacalcium phosphate was identified. At the given age of the embryo the amount of minerals is much higher in the femur bone than in flat bone. The micro-PIXE method furthermore turned out to be sensitive enough to study the mineralization accompanying malignant tumors. We have also observed the involvement of some trace elements in the development of the mineralization process. The last two observations are unattainable by histological staining.     

Combined nuclear measurements of yeast

Combined Rutherford backscattering (RBS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) techniques were used to determine the elemental composition of yeast. Results reveal no toxic elements (e.g. Ag, Pb, etc) in yeast. Yet results display some similarities in concentrations of some elements (e.g. Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu and Sr), large differences are observed for others (e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Zn). Variations are accounted due to different growing media or contamination during processing.