基于IMF能量谱的水声信号特征提取与分类

经验模态分解（EMD）是用来处理非平稳时变信号的一种信号分析方法,该方法对所分析信号的局部特征信号进行不同时间尺度的分解,从而得到这些局部特征信号的各阶本征模函数（IMF）。提出了一种基于IMF能量谱的水声信号特征提取与选择方法,通过对水声信号进行经验模态分解,提取信号的本征模式分量并转换为能量谱特征向量,从而观测不同信号子频带能量谱的特征变化。分类实验采用支持向量机（SVM）分类器进行。实验结果表明,相对于小波能量谱特征提取法而言,利用IMF能量谱作为特征向量的分类实验具有更佳的分类效果,平均正确率达88%以上。     

基于多小波子带加权判别熵的SAR目标ICA特征提取及识别

传统小波独立分量分析(ICA)提取合成孔径雷达(SAR)目标特征时大都采用单一的小波基函数,并且仅利用小波分解低频子带数据进行ICA处理,而忽略了高频子带信息。针对这一问题,采用多类小波基函数对SAR目标图像进行分解;针对得到的所有低频和高频子带数据,引入子带加权的判别熵准则,结合现有的小波ICA算法,提出多小波子带加权判别熵的SAR目标图像ICA特征提取算法。采用MSTAR实测SAR目标图像数据,根据提出算法进行特征抽取,利用最近邻准则进行SAR目标识别。识别结果表明提出算法优于仅利用小波分解低频子带ICA算法。     

Rough Set Based Automatic Classification of Musical Instrument Sounds

Automatic classification of audio data arose increasing interest recently. This paper addresses the problem of automatic recognition of musical instrument sounds, applying rough set based techniques as a tool of classification. Instruments representing wind and string families were used in the experiments. Since the main problem in case of audio data is the proper parameterization, we also investigated issues regarding various parameterization methods. Fourier transform and wavelet analysis were applied as parameterization tools. The obtained feature vectors were tested using rough set tools. The analyzed data represent singular sounds of full musical range of 11 musical instruments, played with various articulation techniques. Results of experiments are presented and discussed in this paper. We summarize our paper with conclusions on musical signal representation for timbre classification purposes.     

Feature saliency using signal-to-noise ratios in automated diagnostic systems developed for Doppler ultrasound signals

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in a great number of medical diagnostic decision support system applications and within feedforward ANNs framework there are a number of established measures such as saliency measures for identifying important input features. By identifying a set of salient features, the noise in a classification model can be reduced, resulting in more accurate classification. In this study, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) saliency measure was employed to determine saliency of input features of multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNNs) used in classification of Doppler signals. The SNR saliency measure determines the saliency of a feature by comparing it to that of an injected noise feature and the SNR screening method utilizes the SNR saliency measure to select a parsimonious set of salient features. Ophthalmic and internal carotid arterial Doppler signals were decomposed into time–frequency representations using discrete wavelet transform. Input feature vectors were extracted using statistics over the set of the wavelet coefficients. The MLPNNs used in classification of the ophthalmic and internal carotid arterial Doppler signals were trained for the SNR screening method. The application results of the SNR screening method to the ophthalmic and internal carotid arterial Doppler signals demonstrated that classification accuracies of the MLPNNs with salient input features are higher than that of the MLPNNs with salient and non-salient input features.     

A cluster-based wavelet feature extraction method and its application

In this paper, a new cluster-based approach is proposed for extracting features from the coefficients of a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. The wavelet coefficients from the matrix of each frequency channel are segregated into non-overlapping clusters in an unsupervised mode using a set of application-specific representative images. In practical situations, this set of representative images can be the same as the ones kept aside for training a classifier. The proposed method divides the matrices of computed wavelet coefficients into disjoint clusters that are centered around the position of dominant coefficients. The features that can distinguish images of one class from those of other classes are obtained by computing energies of the clusters. The feature vectors so obtained are then presented as input patterns to an image classifier, such as a neural network. Experimental results based on the applications for texture classification and wood surface defect detection have shown that the proposed cluster-based wavelet feature extraction method is able to effectively extract important intrinsic information content from the test images, and increase the overall classification accuracy as compared with conventional feature extraction methods.     

The speaker identification by using genetic wavelet adaptive network based fuzzy inference system

In this paper, an intelligent speaker identification system is presented for speaker identification by using speech/voice signal. This study includes both combination of the adaptive feature extraction and classification by using optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet entropy values are obtained from measured Turkish speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. It is developed a genetic wavelet adaptive network based on fuzzy inference system (GWANFIS) model in this study. This model consists of three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet and adaptive network based on fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The genetic algorithm layer is used for selecting of the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the eight different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet decomposition, wavelet decomposition – short time Fourier transform, wavelet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Margenau–Hill time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Wigner–Ville time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Page time–frequency representation, wavelet decomposition – Zhao–Atlas–Marks time–frequency representation. The wavelet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet decomposition and wavelet entropies. The ANFIS approach is used for evaluating to fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. It has been evaluated the performance of the developed system by using noisy Turkish speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system is effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate is about 91% for speaker classification.     

基于MFCC和常数Q变换的乐器音符识别

音符识别是音乐信号分析处理领域内非常重要的研究内容,它为计算自动识谱、乐器调音、音乐数据库检索和电子音乐合成提供技术基础。传统的音符识别方法通过估计音符基频与标准频率进行一一对应识别。然而一一对应较为困难,且随着音符基频的增大将导致误差增大,可识别的音符基频范围不广。为此,文中采用分类的思想进行音符识别。首先,建立所需识别的音符音频库,并针对音乐信号低频信息的重要性,选取梅尔频率倒谱系数(Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients,MFCC)和常数Q变换(Constant Q Transform,CQT)作为音符信号提取特征。然后,将提取的特征MFCC和CQT分别作为音符识别的单一特征输入和两者特征融合输入;结合Softmax回归模型在多分类问题中的优势以及BP神经网络良好的非线性映射能力与自学习能力,构建基于Softmax回归模型的BP神经网络多分类识别器。在MATLAB R2016a的仿真环境下,将特征参数输入到多分类器中进行学习与训练,通过调整网络参数来寻找最优解。通过改变训练样本数进行对比实验。实验结果表明,将融合特征(MFCC+CQT)作为特征输入时,可以识别出从大字组到小字三组的25类音符,并可以获得95.6%的平均识别率;在识别过程中,特征CQT比特征MFCC的贡献更大。实验数据充分说明,利用分类的思想提取音符信号的MFCC和CQT特征来进行音符识别,可以取得很好的识别效果,并且不受音符基频范围的限制。     

Feature saliency using signal-to-noise ratios in automated diagnostic systems developed for ECG beats

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in a great number of medical diagnostic decision support system applications and within feedforward ANNs framework there are a number of established measures such as saliency measures for identifying important input features. By identifying a set of salient features, the noise in a classification model can be reduced, resulting in more accurate classification. In this study, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) saliency measure was employed to determine saliency of input features of multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNNs) used in classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) beats (normal beat, congestive heart failure beat, ventricular tachyarrhythmia beat, atrial fibrillation beat) obtained from the Physiobank database. The SNR saliency measure determines the saliency of a feature by comparing it to that of an injected noise feature and the SNR screening method utilizes the SNR saliency measure to select a parsimonious set of salient features. ECG signals were decomposed into time–frequency representations using discrete wavelet transform. Input feature vectors were extracted using statistics over the set of the wavelet coefficients. The MLPNNs used in the ECG beats-classification were trained for the SNR screening method. The application results of the SNR screening method to the ECG signals demonstrated that classification accuracies of the MLPNNs with salient input features are higher than that of the MLPNNs with salient and non-salient input features.     

无线传感网络中的目标分类融合

In wireless sensor networks, target classification differs from that in centralized sensing systems because of the distributed detection, wireless communication and limited resources. We study the classification problem of moving vehicles in wireless sensor networks using acoustic signals emitted from vehicles. Three algorithms including wavelet decomposition, weighted k-nearest-neighbor andDempster-Shafer theory are combined in this paper. Finally, we use real world experimental data to validate the classification methods. The result shows that wavelet based feature extraction method can extract stable features from acoustic signals. By fusion with Dempster's rule, the classification performance is improved.     

A new optimum feature extraction and classification method for speaker recognition: GWPNN

Speech and speaker recognition is an important topic to be performed by a computer system. In this paper, an expert speaker recognition system based on optimum wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker recognition by using real speech/voice signal. This study contains both the combination of the new feature extraction and classification approach by using optimum wavelet packet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet packet entropy values are obtained from measured real English language speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. A genetic-wavelet packet-neural network (GWPNN) model is developed in this study. GWPNN includes three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet packet and multi-layer perception. The genetic algorithm layer of GWPNN is used for selecting the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the four different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet packet decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition – short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet packet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation. The wavelet packet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet entropies. The multi-layer perceptron of GWPNN, which is a feed-forward neural network, is used for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated by using noisy English speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate was about 85% for speaker classification.     

卷积神经网络在乐器板材优劣识别中的应用研究

目前民族乐器板材振动信号识别算法具有特征提取复杂且耗时长等缺点,针对此问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的木材振动信号分类识别算法,实现了乐器板材优劣的判别。卷积神经网络将特征提取和分类过程结合来进行神经网络的训练,具有识别度高、鲁棒性好等优点。首先重点分析和讨论了提取木材振动信号的语谱图特征,然后应用卷积神经网络结合网格搜索的方法进行参数调优。为了防止过拟合,还应用了ReLU和Dropout等新技术,得到最终分类结果。实验证明,测试样本准确率达到96%,明显优于传统方法。该方法可减小人工测量的误差,加快板材的选取时间,为民族乐器制造领域的选材提供了一种更加实用的方法。     

高压水射流靶物反射声信号的特征提取方法

为了提高利用高压水射流靶物反射声信号识别靶物材质的效率,针对地雷探测过程常见的地雷、石块、砖块和木块4种靶物,采用不同的特征提取方法来识别靶物材质。在分析Mel频率倒谱系数及小波包变换倒谱系数基本原理的基础上,结合靶物反射声信号的特点,提出了一种基于Mel频率倒谱和小波包变换倒谱特征融合的特征提取方法:利用小波包变换将原始靶物反射声信号划分为若干子频段,选取其中一个子频段作为低频和高频的划分层;低频部分提取Mel频率倒谱系数作为特征值,高频部分则提取小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征值,将2组特征值线性合并为一组新的特征向量,用于靶物材质的识别。采用最小二乘支持向量机建立多分类模型,验证基于单一特征和基于特征融合的特征提取方法的识别率。实验结果表明,在取得低频与高频的最佳划分层时,基于特征融合的特征提取方法的平均识别率达到82.812 5%,较单一的利用Mel频率倒谱系数或小波包变换倒谱系数作为特征向量时的平均识别率分别提高了10.312 5%和7.812 5%。     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for diagnosis of the heart valve diseases using wavelet transform with entropy

Listening via stethoscope is a preferential method, being used by physicians for distinguishing normal and abnormal cardiac systems. On the other hand, listening with stethoscope has a number of constraints. The interpretation of various heart sounds depends on physician’s ability of hearing, experience, and skill. Such limitations may be reduced by developing biomedical-based decision support systems. In this study, a biomedical-based decision support system was developed for the classification of heart sound signals, obtained from 120 subjects with normal, pulmonary, and mitral stenosis heart valve diseases via stethoscope. Developed system comprises of three stages. In the first stage, for feature extraction, obtained heart sound signals were separated to its sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the second stage, entropy of each sub-band was calculated using Shannon entropy algorithm to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors via DWT. In the third stage, the reduced features of three types of heart sound signals were used as input patterns of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifiers. Developed method reached 98.33% classification accuracy, and it was showed that purposed method is effective for detection of heart valve diseases.     

Probabilistic neural networks combined with wavelet coefficients for analysis of electroencephalogram signals

Abstract: In this paper, the probabilistic neural network is presented for classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Decision making is performed in two stages: feature extraction by wavelet transform and classification using the classifiers trained on the extracted features. The purpose is to determine an optimum classification scheme for this problem and also to infer clues about the extracted features. The present research demonstrates that the wavelet coefficients obtained by the wavelet transform are features which represent the EEG signals well. The conclusions indicate that the probabilistic neural network trained on the wavelet coefficients achieves high classification accuracies (the total classification accuracy is 97.63%).     

基于频带特征融合的GL-CNN遥感图像场景分类

高分辨率卫星遥感图像场景信息的分类对影像分析和解译具有重要意义,传统的高分辨卫星遥感图像场景分类方法主要依赖于人工提取的中、低层特征且不能很好的利用图像丰富的场景信息,针对这一问题,提出一种基于频带特征融合与GL-CNN(Guided Learning Convolutional Neural Network,指导学习卷积神经网络)的分类方法。首先通过NSWT（Non-Subsampled Wavelet Transform,非下采样小波变换）提取出图像的高低频子带,将高频子带进行频带特征融合得到融合高频子带,然后联合频谱角向能量分布曲线的平稳区间分析实现融合高频子带与低频子带的样本融合,最后指导卷积神经网络自动提取图像的高低频子带包含的高层特征来实现场景分类。通过对UCM_LandUse 21类数据进行试验表明,本文方法的分类正确率达到94.52%,相比以往算法有显著提高。     

基于频带特征融合的GL-CNN遥感图像场景分类

高分辨率卫星遥感图像场景信息的分类对影像分析和解译具有重要意义，传统的高分辨卫星遥感图像场景分类方法主要依赖于人工提取的中、低层特征且不能很好的利用图像丰富的场景信息，针对这一问题，提出一种基于频带特征融合与GL-CNN(Guided Learning Convolutional Neural Network，指导学习卷积神经网络)的分类方法。首先通过NSWT（Non-Subsampled Wavelet Transform，非下采样小波变换）提取出图像的高低频子带，将高频子带进行频带特征融合得到融合高频子带，然后联合频谱角向能量分布曲线的平稳区间分析实现融合高频子带与低频子带的样本融合，最后指导卷积神经网络自动提取图像的高低频子带包含的高层特征来实现场景分类。通过对UCM_LandUse 21类数据进行试验表明，本文方法的分类正确率达到94.52%，相比以往算法有显著提高。     

基于MP稀疏分解原子参数的乐器分类

Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)等传统声学特征不能精确地体现出不同乐器信号间的差别。为此,提出一种基于匹配追踪(MP)稀疏分解原子参数的乐器分类方法。利用MP算法提取各类乐器信号的稀疏分解原子,将得到的原子参数作为特征,通过支持向量机进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法的分类正确率达到89.17%,相对于MFCC提高了17.37%。     

A wavelet neural network for the detection of heart valve diseases

An expert system is presented for interpretation of the Doppler signals of heart valve diseases based on pattern recognition. We deal in particular with the combination of feature extraction and classification from measured Doppler signal waveforms at the heart valve using Doppler ultrasound. A wavelet neural network model developed by us is used. The model consists of two layers: a wavelet layer and a multilayer perceptron. The wavelet layer used for adaptive feature extraction in the time–frequency domain is composed of wavelet decomposition and wavelet entropy. The multilayer perceptron used for classification is a feedforward neural network. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated in 215 samples. The test results show that this system is effective to detect Doppler heart sounds. The classification rate averaged 91% correct for 123 test subjects.     

Wavelet based sub-band parameters for classification of unaspirated Hindi stop consonants in initial position of CV syllables

This paper proposes a new feature extraction technique using wavelet based sub-band parameters (WBSP) for classification of unaspirated Hindi stop consonants. The extracted acoustic parameters show marked deviation from the values reported for English and other languages, Hindi having distinguishing manner based features. Since acoustic parameters are difficult to be extracted automatically for speech recognition. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) based features are usually used. MFCC are based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) which assumes the speech signal to be stationary over a short period. This assumption is specifically violated in case of stop consonants. In WBSP, from acoustic study, the features derived from CV syllables have different weighting factors with the middle segment having the maximum. The wavelet transform has been applied to splitting of signal into 8 sub-bands of different bandwidths and the variation of energy in different sub-bands is also taken into account. WBSP gives improved classification scores. The number of filters used (8) for feature extraction in WBSP is less compared to the number (24) used for MFCC. Its classification performance has been compared with four other techniques using linear classifier. Further, Principal components analysis (PCA) has also been applied to reduce dimensionality.