几种纳米粒子作为润滑脂添加剂的试验研究

在MRH-3高速环块摩擦磨损实验机上,研究了纳米微粒Cu,Al,Al2O3及几组混合粒子加入到通用锂基脂中的摩擦学性能.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了摩擦表面的形貌和元素组成.结果表明:含有纳米Cu,Al,Al2O3及混合粒子的润滑脂对摩擦表面均有很好的减摩、修复及抗胶合能力,其中混合粒子要比单粒子具有更好的效果.通过对实验结果的分析,纳米粒子的微滚珠、吸附、填充、焊合、软剪切层等效应是改善润滑脂摩擦学性能的主要原因,适当配比的混合粒子具有良好的协同效果.     

混合纳米粒子作为润滑脂添加剂最佳配比的实验研究

在MRH-3型高速环块摩擦磨损试验机上,研究混合纳米粒子Al2O3-Al-Cu和Al2O3-Al-MgO作为润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学性能,通过减摩、表面修复以及抗极压性能实验,确定混合纳米粒子的最佳配比。结果表明:在几种纳米粒子之间的协同作用下,含有混合粒子Al2O3-Al-Cu和Al2O3-Al-MgO的润滑脂具有良好的表面修复、抗极压等摩擦学特性,混合粒子比多数单粒子在减摩方面都具有更好的效果。     

纳米Al2O3填充LDPE/POM复合材料的力学和摩擦性能研究

采用挤出混合与注塑成型制备出不同含量的纳米Al2O3填充LDPE/POM复合材料,并进行力学和摩擦磨损性能实验。结果表明,随着纳米Al2O3的增加,LDPE/POM复合材料的缺口冲击性能先提高后降低,其中添加8%纳米Al2O3后复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高了近3倍;添加Al2O3纳米粒子后增加了复合材料的摩擦因数,但对耐磨性影响不大。由于纳米Al2O3作为刚性粒子可以提高材料的硬度,因此复合材料仍表现出良好的耐磨性;然而纳米粒子在摩擦表面富集,产生了犁沟现象,因此提高了材料的摩擦因数。     

纳米Al2O3对聚四氟乙烯工程材料性能的影响

用压制和烧结的方法，制备了纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的复合材料。研究了纳米Al2O3粒子对PTFE的摩擦、磨损、硬度、耐冲击强度等性能的影响。结果表明：纳米Al2O3粒子不仅显著地提高了PTFE耐磨性，而且降低了PTFE的摩擦系数，同时使PTFE的硬度增大。对作用机理进行分析和探讨，提出了“纳米粒子在摩擦磨损表面产生富积及重新嵌入“的观点，为材料的改性研究提供参考。     

纳米减摩修复添加剂摩擦学性能的试验研究

在MRH-3高速环块摩擦磨损实验机上,研究了纳米微粒Cu,A l,A l2O3以及不同配比的混合纳米粒子加入到SD40基础油中的摩擦学性能,并探讨了纳米添加剂的减摩机制。结果表明:含有纳米Cu,A l,A l2O3粒子的润滑油添加剂能显著提高SD40基础油的承载能力和减摩性能,且对表面具有一定的修复能力。     

几种无机纳米粒子在润滑油中抗磨性对比研究

利用超声波纳米粉碎机制得无机复合纳米颗粒,通过选用合适的分散剂和采用超声波分散的方法,制备出悬浮性、分散性良好的油基纳米抗磨剂,采用摩擦试验机对所制备的产物的抗磨性与Al2O3、Si3N4纳米粉进行了对比试验及表征分析。结果表明实验制备的无机复合纳米颗粒相对于Al2O3、Si3N纳米颗粒具有更好的抗磨减摩性能,同时出现了负磨损现象,无机复合纳米粒子在摩擦副表面起到了修复作用。     

脉冲电沉积Ni/纳米Al_2O_3复合镀层的组织结构与性能

采用脉冲电沉积方法制备Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的组织结构,对Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的硬度、摩擦磨损性能和铝液在复合镀层表面的铺展性能进行测试。结果表明:复合镀层的硬度随镀液中Al2O3悬浮量的增加而升高;纳米Al2O3悬浮量为20g/L的Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的摩擦因数为0.459;铝液在Ni/纳米Al2O3复合镀层表面的亲润性比淬火45#钢差,具有良好的耐铝液侵蚀性能。     

纳米粒子及PTFE填充PEEK复合材料摩擦特性的载荷和时间依赖性

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2O3和纳米TiO2分别与聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充PEEK复合材料,利用自制销-盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下复合材料的摩擦行为。结果表明：复合材料的摩擦因数依赖于材料中纳米粒子的种类和含量,并对载荷有明显的依赖性;当纳米Al2O3的质量分数为5％～7％时,PEEK复合材料的摩擦因数和比磨损率最低;随着外加载荷的变化,摩擦因数呈现一定的变化规律。     

化学沉淀法制备纳米Al_2O_3粉体中的反团聚研究

以工业用 NH4Al( SO4) 2 · 1 2 H2 O和 NH4HCO3为原料 ,采用化学沉淀法制备纳米Al2 O3粉体。研究了 p H值、乙醇、表面活性剂等因素对 Al2 O3粒子尺寸的影响 ,并探讨了几种反团聚的机理及效果。     

添加油酸修饰的纳米Fe3 O4粒子润滑油的摩擦学性能研究

利用化学共沉淀法制备了平均粒径为10nm、油酸表面修饰的Fe3O4粒子，并对其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能进行了研究。试验结果表明，添加油酸修饰的纳米Fe3O4粒子的润滑油表现出了较好的抗磨减摩性能，但是，纳米粒子的添加量有一最佳值。与基础油相比，添加纳米Fe3O4粒子润滑油的摩擦因数最大降低了26％，磨损量降低了28％。在摩擦磨损过程中，添加纳米Fe3O4粒子润滑油的摩擦力矩的变化表现出了时间效应。添加纳米Fe3O4粒子润滑油摩擦磨损后的磨痕表面比基础油摩擦磨损后的磨痕表面光滑，可以推测，纳米Fe3O4粒子对摩擦表面的抛光作用提高了润滑油的摩擦学性能。     

油胺修饰镍纳米粒子在锂基脂中的摩擦学性能*

为提高镍纳米粒子作为润滑脂添加剂的减摩和抗磨能力,采用油胺对其进行修饰以减少团聚,通过SEM、FT-IR和XRD对OA-Ni的微观形态和结构进行了表征,利用四球摩擦试验机和TE77往复摩擦试验机考察表面修饰的镍纳米粒子(OA-Ni)对锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响,并探讨其在润滑脂中的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:制备的油胺修饰镍纳米粒子呈不规则的圆片状,粒径约为100 nm,在润滑脂中有良好的分散性;经油胺表面改性的镍纳米粒子能有效改善锂基脂的摩擦学性能,抗磨和减摩性能分别提升了36.6%和15%。磨损表面分析结果表明,在摩擦过程中油胺修饰的镍纳米粒子在摩擦表面形成了主要成分为Fe2O3、 Fe3O4、NiO、Ni2O3等金属氧化物的摩擦化学膜,提高了锂基脂的摩擦学性能。     

Tribological characteristics of bisphenol S bis(diphenyl phosphate) as a high‐performance antiwear additive in lubricating greases at elevated temperature

Bisphenol S bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BSDP) was synthesised and characterised, and its tribological behaviours as additives in polyurea grease and lithium complex grease were evaluated for steel/steel contact at 200 °C. The results indicated that BSDP could dramatically reduce the friction and wear of sliding pairs in the base grease of polyurea, and the tribological performances of BSDP in polyurea grease were significantly superior to the normally used molybdenum disulfide‐based additive package. Furthermore, BSDP in polyurea grease has better tribological behaviour than that in lithium complex grease at a constant load of 100 N. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that boundary lubrication films composed of Fe(OH)O, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ and FePO₄ compounds containing the P–O bonds and nitride compounds were formed on the worn surface, which resulted in excellent friction reduction and antiwear performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of FeS Solid Lubricant on the Tribological Properties of Bearing Steel under Grease Lubrication

In order to improve the tribological properties of 52100 steel under grease lubrication, FeS solid lubricant was used in two ways. Low-temperature ion-sulfurization technology was utilized to prepare solid lubricant iron sulfide (FeS) films on the surface of 52100 steel, and FeS particles were mixed into the lithium grease as additive. The friction and wear properties were examined systematically on a “ball-on-disc” testing machine. The results showed that the tribological properties of bearing steel under grease lubrication can be improved either by using ion-sulfurization technique or by adding FeS microparticles into the grease. The tribological performance of sulfurized surface lubricated by grease is better than that of a plain surface lubricated by grease containing FeS microparticles at lower load and speed. The plain surface lubricated by the grease containing FeS micropaticles possesses better antiwear property under harsher conditions. The mechanism of the experimental results is discussed in detail.     

氧化镁/氧化锌导电硅脂的性能研究

氧化镁可以提高摩擦表面摩擦膜的致密性,氧化锌也具有优良的抗氧化、抗磨减摩性能。以不同含量的氧化镁和氧化锌为添加剂,二甲基硅油为基础油,聚四氟乙烯作稠化剂,制备导电润滑硅脂,并分别对硅脂的滴点、体积电阻率和摩擦学性能进行测试。结果表明:氧化镁和氧化锌添加剂都可以提高硅脂的滴点、导电性,其中氧化锌作为添加剂的硅脂的滴点高于氧化镁,体积电阻率小于氧化镁;氧化锌和氧化镁添加剂加入能够降低硅脂摩擦因数、减小磨损,且氧化镁作为添加剂表现出更优秀的抗磨减摩性能。XPS分析表明,氧化镁和氧化锌添加剂在摩擦过程中在摩擦表面发生化学反应形成了含Fe、Zn和Mg元素的反应膜,能够填充磨痕表面,起到了减摩抗磨的作用。     

不同润滑条件下HIP-Si3N4/GCr15摩擦副摩擦特性的研究

在干摩擦、水润滑、锂基脂润滑和锂基脂＋MoS2润滑不同条件下,利用MPX-2000型盘销式摩擦磨损试验机,对HIP－Si3N4/GCr15摩擦副进行了摩擦磨损性能的对比试验研究,通过扫描电子显微镜对试件的表面形貌进行观察分析。结果表明:磨损速率的表现,Si3N4为水润滑＞干摩擦＞锂基脂润滑＞锂基脂＋MoS2润滑;GCr15为干摩擦＞水润滑＞锂基脂润滑＞锂基脂＋MoS2润滑。在锂基脂＋MoS2润滑条件下,HIP－Si3N4/GCr15摩擦副摩擦特性最佳。     

Effect of Cu Nanoparticles on the Tribological Performance of Attapulgite Base Grease

This study investigated the effect of Cu nanoparticles on the tribological properties of attapulgite base grease. It was found that the friction reduction ability and antiwear property of the base grease can be improved with the addition of Cu nanoparticles. Under the lubrication of grease containing Cu nanoparticles, a smoother and more compact tribofilm was formed on the rubbing surface. The tribofilm is mainly composed of Cu, FeO, Fe₂O₃, FeOOH, CuO, and SiO. In addition, the content of iron oxides and silicate oxide formed in the tribofilm was increased by the introduction of Cu nanoparticles.     

Tribological Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Overbased Calcium Sulfonate as Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

The aim of this study was to examine the tribological behavior of amorphous overbased calcium sulfonate (AOBCS) and crystalline overbased calcium sulfonate (COBCS, transformed from the AOBCS) as additives in lithium complex grease. The transformation product of the calcium carbonate polymorph from AOBCS was calcite, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tribological properties were evaluated by an oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester and a four-ball tester. The results showed that the addition of COBCS can dramatically improve both the antiwear performance and the friction-reducing and load-carrying properties of the base grease. However, improvement of the tribological properties of the base grease by AOBCS was highly dependent on the concentrations added and the loads applied. The tribological properties of the base grease were improved more by the addition of COBCS than by the addition of AOBCS. X-ray photoelectron energy spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both AOBCS and COBCS underwent complicated tribochemical reactions in the base grease and that chemically reactive films consisting of CaCO₃, CaO, iron oxide and organic compounds were formed on the worn surfaces. Taken together with the results of the tribo-tests, we suggest that transformation of the calcium carbonate polymorphs was the main factor in improving the tribological properties of lithium complex grease. The transformation of calcium carbonate polymorphs can broaden the application of AOBCS as an extreme pressure/antiwear additive in greases under boundary lubrication conditions.     

Alkyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Friction Reduction and Anti-Wear Additive in Polyurea Grease for Steel/Steel Contacts

Five room temperature ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P104), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P106), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P108), 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P110), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (LB106) were studied as 1 wt% additives of polyurea grease for steel/steel contacts. Their tribological behaviors as additives of polyurea grease for steel/steel contacts were evaluated on an Optimol SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester and an MRS-1J (G) four-ball tester at room and high temperatures. The friction test results showed that the ILs, as 1 wt% additives in polyurea grease for steel/steel contacts, had better friction reduction and anti-wear properties at high temperature than at room temperature, and ILs can significantly improve the friction reduction and anti-wear properties of polyurea grease compared with base grease containing 1 wt% of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (T204). The excellent tribological properties are attributed to the formation of a surface protective film composed of FeF₂, nitrides, and compound containing the P–O bonding on the lubricated metal surface by a tribochemical reaction. The ordered adsorbed films and good miscibility of ILs with the base grease also contributed to the excellent tribological properties. Wear mechanisms and worn steel surfaces were studied by a PHI-5702 multifunctional X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and a JSM-5600LV scanning electron microscope.