2,2’-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷的制备方法

介绍了以2,2’-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、对氯硝基苯,碱金属碳酸盐或碱金属氢氧化物为原料,在合适的溶剂中合成2,2’-双[4-(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷,再经不同还原方法制备2,2’-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷。并从反应工艺条件、产品收率、产物纯度、是否适合规模化生产等方面阐述了制备2,2’-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷方法的优缺点。通过比较、分析指出了2,2’-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷的研究和发展方向。     

2,2'-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷的合成

以双酚A、对氯硝基苯为原料,经亲核取代反应得到2,2'-双[4-(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BNPP),再以5%Pd/C为催化剂,H2为还原剂,将2,2'-双[4-(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷还原得到2,2'-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BAPP)。该工艺过程简单,2,2'-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷的总收率为93%,纯度为99.7%,APHA值小于150。     

双酚A型二胺和二酐合成可溶性聚酰亚胺的研究

采用2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BAPP)和2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)为单体,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,通过常规的两步法,并分别经热亚胺化和化学亚胺化过程合成了双酚A型聚酰亚胺(PI).用FTIR、DSC、TGA等对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征.F...     

耐高温单组分环氧胶粘剂的制备

以3,3’-二氨基-4,4’-二羟基联苯（DADHBP）、2,2-双[4-（4-氨基苯氧基）苯基】丙烷（BAPOPP）、3,3’,4,4’-四羧基二苯醚二酐（ODPA）为主原料合成了合酚羟基的聚酰亚胺树脂（HPI）;以HPI为耐高温增韧剂,与N,N,N’,N’-四缩水甘油基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷（TGDDM）、固化剂等配制了综合性能优异的耐高温单组分环氧胶粘剂。     

新型环氧树脂固化剂的合成与表征

在无水碳酸钾和强极性非质子有机溶剂中,采用2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(BHPP)和2,4-二硝基氯苯(24DNCB)为主原料,通过缩合反应得到2,2-双[4-(2,4-二硝基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BDNPPP);在钯/炭、水合肼和有机溶剂的作用下,BDNPPP被进一步还原,得到了新型环氧固化剂2,2-双[4-(2,4-二氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BDAPPP),并对其进行了系统的表征。     

氟化聚吡啶酰亚胺的合成

用4-苯基-2,6-双[3-(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]吡啶作为二胺,均苯四甲酸二酐及2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐作为二酐,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过常规的两步法,合成了可溶性氟化聚吡啶酰亚胺.傅里叶变换红外光谱显示在1 780,1 720,1 380 cm-1附近出现了聚酰...     

聚酰亚胺-环氧树脂胶黏剂的固化动力学研究

以2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基1丙烷(BAPOPP)和2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)为原料在室温下于DMAe溶剂中合成了一种新型聚酰亚胺,并用其改性环氧树脂体系获得聚酰亚胺-环氧体系胶黏剂.利用差示扫描量热计(DSC),以不同的升温速率对聚酰亚胺-环氧树脂胶黏剂进行DSC...     

双酚A型二胺和二酐与含吡啶环二胺共聚改性

用2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BAPP)和4-苯基-2,6-双(4-氨基苯基)吡啶(PBA P)作为二胺,双酚A型二酐(BPADA)作为二酐,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,通过常规的两步法.分别经热亚胺化和化学亚胺化过程合成了3种聚酰亚胺(PI).用傅里叶变换红外光谱表征聚合物的结构.结果表...     

一种新型联苯型多苯氧基聚酰亚胺的合成及其表征

以2,2-双(3-苯基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷(双OPP-A)、对硝基氯苯、无水碳酸钾为基本原料,在冠醚作为相转移催化剂的作用下缩合制得2,2-双[3-苯基-4(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BPNPOPP);在此基础上,采用水合肼还原得到2,2-双[3-苯基-4(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷(BPAPOPP)单体.将其与均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)通过缩聚反应、热环化制备了一种联苯型多苯氧基聚酰亚胺.结果表明:缩合制备BPNPOPP,收率达到97.8%以上.还原制备BPAPOPP单体,熔点160.6～161.3℃.此种单体制备的聚酰亚胺玻璃化转变温度为233.2℃,易于加工;热分解温度(质量损失率10%)为503.8℃,具有很好的耐热性能;拉伸强度达到111.8 MPa,断裂伸长率为6.68%,薄膜的热膨胀系数为49.7×10-6K-1,是一种性能优良的材料.     

双酚A及其衍生物的热分解动力学研究

采用热分析方法(TG,DTA)、热分解气相色谱和红外光谱等联合手段,对双酚A(2,2-双对羟基苯基丙烷)及两个二取代产物[2,2-二(4-羟基-3-硝基苯基)丙烷和2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷]的热稳定性和热分解反应动力学进行了研究,发现它们的稳定性和分解机理与取代基性质有关,建立了相应的动力学方程,并对其稳定性、热解机理从电荷分布出发进行了理论分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.