A new methane control and prediction software suite for longwall mines

This paper presents technical and application aspects of a new software suite, MCP (Methane Control and Prediction), developed for addressing some of the methane and methane control issues in longwall coal mines. The software suite consists of dynamic link library (DLL) extensions to MS-Access^TM, written in C++. In order to create the DLLs, various statistical, mathematical approaches, prediction and classification artificial neural network (ANN) methods were used.The current version of MCP suite (version 1.3) discussed in this paper has four separate modules that (a) predict the dynamic elastic properties of coal-measure rocks, (b) predict ventilation emissions from longwall mines, (c) determine the type of degasification system that needs to be utilized for given situations and (d) assess the production performance of gob gas ventholes that are used to extract methane from longwall gobs. These modules can be used with the data from basic logs, mining, longwall panel, productivity, and coal bed characteristics. The applications of these modules separately or in combination for methane capture and control related problems will help improve the safety of mines.The software suite's version 1.3 is discussed in this paper. Currently, it's new version 2.0 is available and can be downloaded from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/products/product180.htm free of charge. The models discussed in this paper can be found under “ancillary models” and under “methane prediction models” for specific U.S. conditions in the new version.     

Development of coal mine methane concentration technology for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

In coal mines in such countries as China and Russia,most of the coal mine methane(CMM) generated during mining is emitted to the atmosphere without any effective usage,because the methane concentration of CMM is relatively low and not allowed to be used as fuel for safety reasons.Methane is one of the greenhouse gases.Therefore,if it becomes possible to concentrate CMM to an acceptable level for use as fuel,this will greatly contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.With the aim of gaining approva...     

《煤矿安全规程》监控、通信与监视修订意见

提出了《煤矿安全规程》修订应增加矿井移动通信、广播通信、视频监视、人员定位、煤炭产量监测、矿井火灾监控、矿山压力监测、水文监测、远程监控等内容。提出了严禁矿井监控系统与视频监视系统共用信道;矿井有线调度通信系统的电缆必须专用;主干网络应采用具有冗余功能的千兆或千兆以上矿用以太光网络;矿井移动设备和无线接入等应优选WiFi、ZigBee、4G等技术。提出了煤矿安全监控系统和矿井有线调度通信系统等的关键光缆和电缆应分设两条,从不同的井筒或一个井筒的不同位置进入井下;系统光缆和电缆应具有防护措施;底鼓不严重的矿井,系统光缆和电缆应埋入巷道底板与巷帮夹角处。提出了煤矿安全监控系统应具有主要通风机监控、瓦斯抽采监控功能;具有呼吸尘浓度、总粉尘浓度实时在线监测功能;具有风向监测功能;具有瓦斯变化率等分析功能;具有煤与瓦斯突出报警功能;高瓦斯和煤与瓦斯突出矿井应选用全量程和高低浓度甲烷传感器,优选激光或红外甲烷传感器;采用载体催化元件的甲烷传感器、便携式甲烷检测报警仪等甲烷检测设备,必须定期使用校准气样和空气气样调校,每15d至少调校1次;甲烷超限断电功能每15d至少测试1次;高瓦斯和煤(岩)与瓦斯突出矿井的采煤工作面,必须在上隅角设置甲烷传感器,报警浓度为1.0%CH4,断电浓度为1.5%CH4,复电浓度为1.0%CH4等。     

Degasification system selection for US longwall mines using an expert classification system

Methane emissions from the active face areas and from the fractured formations overlying the mined coalbed can affect safety and productivity in longwall mines. Since ventilation alone may not be sufficient to control the methane levels on a longwall operation, gob vent boreholes (GVB), horizontal and vertical drainage boreholes, and their combinations are drilled and used as supplementary methane control measures in many mines. However, in most cases, the types of degasification wellbores chosen are decided based on previous experiences without analyzing the different factors that may affect this decision.This study describes the development of an expert classification system used as a decision tool. It was built using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) type artificial neural network (ANN) structure. The ANN was trained using different geographical locations, longwall operation parameters, and coalbed characteristics as input and was tested to classify the output into four different selections, which are actual degasification designs that US longwall mines utilize. The ANN network selected no degasification, GVB, horizontal and GVB, and horizontal, vertical and GVB options with high accuracy. The results suggest that the model can be used as a decision tool for degasification system selection using site- and mine-specific conditions. Such a model can also be used as a screening tool to decide which degasification design should be investigated in detail with more complex numerical techniques.     

基于GSM的小煤矿群无线监控系统的设计

针对煤矿数字化远程监控系统在小煤矿实施难的问题,文章提出了一种基于GSM的小煤矿群无线监控系统的设计方案,介绍了该系统的监管模式、总体结构及通信方式。该系统通过采用GSM无线通信技术和射频技术,实现了对小煤矿群的无线监控。     

基于IGS和SVM的烧结返矿量智能集成预测模型

针对烧结返矿量难以进行有效预测的问题,提出一种智能集成预测模型.首先利用改进灰色系统和支持向量机两个单一模型分别对返矿量进行预测;然后基于预测精度的数学期望和标准差,通过求取最优加权系数,建立烧结返矿量智能集成预测模型进行返矿量集成预测.运行结果表明,该集成模型的预测精度高于单一模型,能有效地对返矿量进行预测.     

Changes in the extent of surface mining and reclamation in the Central Appalachians detected using a 1976-2006 Landsat time series

Surface mining and reclamation is the dominant driver of land cover land use change (LCLUC) in the Central Appalachian Mountain region of the Eastern U.S. Accurate quantification of the extent of mining activities is important for assessing how this LCLUC affects ecosystem services such as aesthetics, biodiversity, and mitigation of flooding. We used Landsat imagery from 1976, 1987, 1999 and 2006 to map the extent of surface mines and mine reclamation for eight large watersheds in the Central Appalachian region of West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. We employed standard image processing techniques in conjunction with a temporal decision tree and GIS maps of mine permits and wetlands to map active and reclaimed mines and track changes through time. For the entire study area, active surface mine extent was highest in 1976, prior to implementation of the Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act in 1977, with 1.76% of the study area in active mines, declining to 0.44% in 2006. The most extensively mined watershed, Georges Creek in Maryland, was 5.45% active mines in 1976, declining to 1.83% in 2006. For the entire study area, the area of reclaimed mines increased from 1.35% to 4.99% from 1976 to 2006, and from 4.71% to 15.42% in Georges Creek. Land cover conversion to mines and then reclaimed mines after 1976 was almost exclusively from forest. Accuracy levels for mined and reclaimed cover was above 85% for all time periods, and was generally above 80% for mapping active and reclaimed mines separately, especially for the later time periods in which good accuracy assessment data were available. Among other implications, the mapped patterns of LCLUC are likely to significantly affect watershed hydrology, as mined and reclaimed areas have lower infiltration capacity and thus more rapid runoff than unmined forest watersheds, leading to greater potential for extreme flooding during heavy rainfall events.     

水中武器仿真系统中的HLA环境成员

为使训练具有真实、逼真的效果,对水雷作战环境的合成是一个至关重要的环节.根据水雷作战的特点和环境,通过环境数据采集和实时变化模型,构建了一个水雷作战环境.在作战环境仿真过程中,对象的状态、运动等,都会受到环境的影响.为反映出这些影响因素,并保持其一致性,在HLA(high level architecture)仿真中设计专用的环境成员,通过统一的接口,实现对所有环境数据的统一控制.通过在水中武器综合仿真系统中的实际应用,很好的完成了仿真任务.     

粗糙集方法在瓦斯突出预测中的应用

煤矿瓦斯突出是一种多发的地质灾害,其影响因素众多,但是突出机理尚未研究清楚。将粗糙集理论和技术引入煤矿瓦斯突出区域预测,对影响瓦斯突出的关键因素进行约简,抽取出瓦斯突出相关的决策规则,建立了煤矿瓦斯突出区域预测模型,并通过数据试验和对比,表明粗糙集方法预测瓦斯突出具有较高的预测准确率,同时方法也为瓦斯突出预测提供了新的研究思路。     

煤炭矿区可持续发展能力动态仿真系统研究

在分析煤炭矿区实施可持续发展所面临的困难及其生产经营特点的基础上,提出了动态集成化仿真设计思想,同时设计了煤炭可持续发展的动态集成化仿真系统,利用此系统从宏观上全面掌握煤炭企业发展的动态,为企业制定长期持续发展战略提供了仿真决策实验室,并利用此系统对潞安矿区实施可持续发展能力及其效果进行了动态仿真。     

基于ZigBee技术的地下矿山人员定位系统的研究

针对地下矿山地理环境复杂,作业人员流动性大,以及在井下发生事故时人员救援困难等特点,对现有矿山井下人员定位技术进行系统分析和研究,在此基础上,提出一种基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络人员定位系统。系统满足井下通信的要求,安装简单方便,精度高,稳定性好。     

离散事件仿真及其应用的某些新进展

简述系统仿真技术的作用,分析离散事件仿真技术的新进展,包括可视化及动画仿真,图形建模,模块重用、并行离散事件仿真以及仿真系统与其他应用系统如数据库、电子表、ＣＡＤ、计划系统等集成技术,例示仿真技术在澳大利亚、加拿大、南非、美国等硬岩矿山、煤矿、露天矿,地下矿,冶金过程,物料处理系统中应用的现状,讨论仿真技术在矿业中的应用与发展前景,包括分层次建模,基于万维网（ＷＷＷ）的可视化仿真,仿真系统与地质建     

煤矿生产、安全调度LED电子大屏幕显示系统的设计

通过比较煤矿生产、安全调度显示方式的优缺点，提出和分析了适合于煤矿生产安全调度的ＬＥＤ电子大屏幕显示系统配置、功能及特点。     

基于AVIRIS高光谱数据的海表甲烷异常识别

研究海洋表面烃类富集状况在监测海洋环境和探测海底油气资源中具有重要意义,海表渗漏烃中,甲烷是气态烃中最具代表性的组分。为了精准识别海表甲烷异常,研究设计了相应光谱实验,以海水为背景测定甲烷光谱反射率,基于实测数据分析甲烷的光谱特征,运用比值导数光谱法削弱海水背景组分的光谱干扰,提取出甲烷光谱吸收特征波段。研究发现甲烷在1 642—1 672 nm和2 169—2 378 nm波长范围存在光谱吸收,通过比值导数处理后显著增强了其中1 642—1 672 nm和2 169—2 208 nm区间的甲烷吸收特征,在Rebecca等提出的CH4I甲烷反演指数的基础上加入比值导数参数,建立了基于AVIRIS数据的海表甲烷含量指数MI,与甲烷含量的相关系数R2=0.994 2,将其应用于美国加利福利亚州圣芭芭拉海峡Coal Oil Point(COP)烃渗漏区甲烷异常识别,并与CH4I指数和Bradley等提出的AVIRIS CH4指数ζ(L2298/L2058)进行反演效果对比。结果表明：运用MI指数可以有效识别海表甲烷浓度异常,与ζ、CH4I指数反演结果相比,MI指示的甲烷浓度异常分布与ζ指数反...     

新型光学谐振腔甲烷传感器的研究

基于甲烷气体光谱吸收的原理,设计了一种高精度双波长单光路检测甲烷气体体积分数的检测系统,该系统用多次再入射光学谐振腔作为甲烷气体吸收腔,入射光线在气体吸收腔内的多次反射增加了与甲烷气体发生吸收作用的光程长度,极大地提高了检测精度,而且由于光点的分散分布特性,使该系统又具有很好的散热性,不会引起热量的累积,有利于甲烷气体...     

MATLAB GUI在表征煤层气解吸行为过程的应用

建立煤层气解吸过程的数学模型,利用MATLAB软件中图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface,GUI)功能,完成煤层气解吸过程的界面设计,编写各控件回调函数的程序代码,实现各控件相应的功能。软件界面简单、操作方便、内容丰富、交互性好,可以快速的绘制煤层气解吸过程系列曲线,直观的表征煤层气解吸过程的特征。具有在任何位置取点的功能,及可获取煤层气解吸过程三个关键压力点(转折压力、启动压力和敏感压力),并对曲线进行划分,从而指导实际生产。     

CAD三维造型在采矿工程中的应用

利用计算机图形技术，提出了构造露天矿地表地形及矿坑、地下矿开拓系统以及矿体等矿山形体三维计算机模型的一些新方法。所产生的模型具有直观感受好、动态表现能力强、存储方便等优点。     

基于身份认证和电子签名的非煤矿山管理信息系统的设计①

阐述了安全信息在矿山安全管理中的重要性,对比了传统和现代的安全信息管理模式。针对传统管理模式的各种弊端,开发设计了一种基于身份认证和电子签名的非煤矿山管理信息系统（MIS）。设计了豕统的功能、系统平台、角色DC和权限分配,详细阐述了系统功能模块的设计。基于USB—Key的身份认证和电子签名技术的综合运用,有效保证了管理信息的完整性,可靠性和安全性,同时可防止身份冒用、操作抵赖等安全问题。提高了监管效率和监管精度。加大了监管力度和广度。规范了业务处理流程,是一款简单、高效、安全、科学的非煤矿山管理信息系统。     

Optical fiber sensing element based on luminescence quenching of silica nanowires modified with cryptophane-A for the detection of methane

An optical fiber sensing element based on luminescence quenching of cryptophane-A/silica nanowires was successfully constructed and used to dynamically monitor methane gas at low concentration below 3.5% (v/v). The optical fiber device was designed to operate via luminescence reflection. The sensing properties of optical sensing element to methane at room temperature were characterized. The sensing element shows an intensive and stable blue luminescence when excited by UV light source at wavelength of 380 nm, and it is efficiently quenched by molecular methane. The response of the sensing element demonstrates excellent linear Stern-Volmer behavior at the fixed wavelength 439 nm within the methane concentration range between 0.1% and 3.5% (v/v). A detection limit of below 0.1% (v/v) is estimated for the methane sensing element. This newly developed methane sensing element has significant advantages over the currently available methane sensors such as fast response and recovery (within seconds), good repeatability, selectivity, and long-term stability.     

Wireless Sensor Network-based Detection of Poisonous Gases Using Principal Component Analysis

This work utilizes a statistical approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) towards the detection of Methane (CH₄)-Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning occurring in coal mines, forest fires, drainage systems etc. where the CH₄ and CO emissions are very high in closed buildings or confined spaces during oxidation processes. Both methane and carbon monoxide are highly toxic, colorless and odorless gases. Both of the gases have their own toxic levels to be detected. But during their combined presence, the toxicity of the either one goes unidentified may be due to their low levels which may lead to an explosion. By using PCA, the correlation of CO and CH₄ data is carried out and by identifying the areas of high correlation (along the principal component axis) the explosion suppression action can be triggered earlier thus avoiding adverse effects of massive explosions. Wireless Sensor Network is deployed and simulations are carried with heterogeneous sensors (Carbon Monoxide and Methane sensors) in NS-2 Mannasim framework. The rise in the value of CO even when CH₄ is below the toxic level may become hazardous to the people around. Thus our proposed methodology will detect the combined presence of both the gases (CH₄ and CO) and provide an early warning in order to avoid any human losses or toxic effects.