切削加工残余应力的有限元分析

在切削加工中,为了提高已加工工件的表面质量,需要研究切削速度和进给量对已加工工件残余应力的影响规律。根据弹塑性有限元理论,利用有限元软件建立了切削模型,得到了不同切削速度和进给量下已加工工件的残余应力。结果表明,增大切削速度有利于增大深层压应力,同时也会增大表面拉应力;增大进给量有利于增大深层压应力,但对表面拉应力的影响无明显规律。     

42CrMo钢精车加工表面残余应力有限元仿真研究

基于ABAQUS软件建立了42CrMo锻钢活塞外圆精车加工的二维切削仿真模型,采用单因素法研究了切削参数对残余应力的影响规律.结果 表明:42CrMo钢精车加工过程中,热应力引起的残余拉应力起主导作用,已加工表面产生残余拉应力并沿深度方向迅速转变为压应力.残余应力层深度随进给量和背吃刀量的增大而增大,切削速度对残余应力层深度影响不显著.表面残余拉应力随切削速度和进给量的增大而增大,背吃刀量对表面残余应力影响不显著.最大残余拉应力出现在工件已加工表面以下,表面残余应力、最大残余拉应力和最大残余压应力随切削参数的变化趋势与切削温度随切削参数的变化趋势基本一致.     

金刚石刀具低温硬车削轴承钢的表面残余应力研究

应用CVD金刚石刀具,在低温CO2冷却下,进行GCr15轴承钢的低温硬车削试验,分析GCr15轴承钢加工表面残余应力的分布规律,探讨切削速度、进给量以及切削深度等切削参数对表面残余应力的影响.结果表明:在试验参数范围内,GCr15轴承钢的加工表面残余应力均为残余压应力,随着切削速度和进给量的增大,周向和轴向最大残余应力...     

难加工材料硬态干车削中切削参数对残余应力的影响

本文对切削参数和残余应力之间的关系的进行研究.针对某型号高强高硬钢在硬态干车削过程,研究了各切削参数对已加工表面残余应力及残余应力层深分布的影响.结果发现,不同的切削参数条件下,工件已加工表面残余应力可以为拉应力也可以为压应力,残余应力作用层深度为300μm左右.对残余应力影响较大的切削因素为切削速度和进给量,切深对残余应力影响较小,切削参数选择低速低进给时,容易得到有利于提高工件疲劳寿命的表面残余压应力.     

轴承钢硬态切削表面残余应力的研究

为了揭示轴承钢硬态切削中切削用量对工件已加工表面残余应力的影响规律,运用金属切削软件AdvantEdge在不同切削用量条件下进行了热力耦合切削仿真。结果表明:硬态切削后工件已加工表面出现残余压应力,随着深度的增加残余压应力值减小并逐渐转变为拉应力;切削速度和进给量对残余压应力影响较大,残余压应力最大值随着切削速度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,但作用深度变化较小,进给量增加时残余压应力最大值和作用深度均增加;背吃刀量增加时残余压应力最大值和作用深度变化幅度很小。研究结果可为残余应力控制和工艺参数优化提供理论指导。     

汽轮机转子材料20Cr2NiMo铣削加工表面残余应力研究

零件加工表面残余应力对零件的疲劳强度和抗腐蚀性能具有重要影响。本文基于均匀试验方法,以切削速度、每齿进给量和轴向切深为因素,对汽轮机转子材料20Cr2NiMo合金钢进行铣削试验。通过测量不同切削参数下已加工表面的残余应力,采用多元回归方法建立了表面残余应力与切削参数之间的关系模型并得到验证。研究结果表明随着切削速度、每齿进给量和轴向切深的增大,残余拉应力均呈增大趋势;切削参数对表面残余应力的影响程度为v>f z>a p,且三因素之间存在交互作用。最后根据影响规律,为使加工表面呈现压应力状态,给出了切削参数的建议范围。     

半球件车削残余应力的正交试验研究

运用正交试验方法对半球形零件进行切削试验,采用方差分析法分析试验结果。结果表明,半球件车削加工后,球顶处于强烈的压应力状态,球面上切向残余应力表现为拉应力,轴向残余应力表现为压应力;切削参数对加工表面残余应力影响的显著性顺序为进给量、切削深度和切削速度。在本试验参数范围内选取切削参数时,切削速度、进给量取中值有利,切削深度取小值有利。     

车铣加工表面残余应力的研究

金属切削用量对工件的表面残余应力有着重要的影响.通过单因素正交车铣残余应力实验,研究了车铣加工65#钢时,分别改变切削速度vc和轴向进给量fa两个切削用量对已加工件表面残余应力的影响规律,并进行了理论分析.同时对比了车铣加工与一般车削加工的残余应力状态.研究结果表明随着切削速度vc的提高,工件表面残余拉应力随之增大,但当切削速度vc超过188.4 m/min时,工件表面残余拉应力急剧减小出现压应力;增大轴向进给量fa,工件表面残余压应力减小.     

切削用量对钛合金已加工表面残余应力的影响

为了得到切削用量对钛合金加工表面残余应力的影响,本文根据金属切削有限元分析相关理论,建立了三维斜角切削有限元模型,对钛合金Ti6Al4V的铣削加工进行了模拟分析,得到了切削速度和切削深度对工件加工表面残余应力的影响。由模拟结果得出:残余应力随切削速度的增大而逐渐增加,切削速度对加工表面残余应力的影响较大,同时随着切削速度的改变,表面残余应力层的厚度有上升趋势;残余应力在已加工表面外表面表现为拉应力,沿深度方向由拉应力逐渐过渡到压应力;切削深度对残余应力及残余应力层的影响都较小。     

基于均匀设计的车削表面残余应力试验

为了探索难加工材料奥氏体不锈钢车削表面残余应力与切削参数的相关性,作者引入伪变量表达冷却降温切削条件,用均匀设计法设计含定性因素混合水平的车削表面残余应力试验方案,在干式、环保型湿式和低温冷风微油雾三种冷却降温条件下进行了车削试验,用X射线应力测定仪检测出已加工表面残余应力。在三种清洁切削条件下,以切削速度、进给量、切削深度、刀尖半径为自变量,用最优回归子集法建立了奥氏体不锈钢车削表面残余应力模型,回归效果非常明显,因变量与自变量密切相关。表面残余应力研究对保证表面完整性,提高精密机械加工水平具有现实指导意义。     

Editorial preface for special issue of FAIM 2015 published in IJAMT

Machining of critical components such as turbine compressor and pump parts is required to generate compressive residual stress on the surface layer in order to obtain high fatigue life. As an effective method to generate and improve the compressive residual stress of machined parts, burnishing has been widely used in industry. Despite its importance, few studies have investigated the mechanism of burnishing on surface residual stress. In this paper, the interference effects due to nearby burnishing points were revealed and investigated in the context of an elastic burnishing tool. The interference effects during the burnishing process help to enhance the compressive residual stress and improve the distribution of compressive residual stress on the burnished surface layer. In order to analyze the mechanism behind the interference effect more clearly, a 2D finite element model of the burnishing process was developed. It was found that the interference effect exists and becomes stronger as the feed rate is decreased. Small feed rates show a more apparent effect on the enhancement of interference effects. The results indicate that the interference effect of the workpiece surface is mainly created by the influence of the preceding burnishing points on the future burnished surface.     

微铣金属表面微沟槽结构的粗糙度及形貌分析

为了提高和改善微沟槽表面质量,设计了高速微铣削实验,研究了微沟槽底面表面粗糙度和侧壁残留毛刺的变化规律。从理论角度引入了已加工表面的形成机理,建立了微观表面粗糙度理论模型,提出了刀具跳动对侧壁形貌变化影响的规律。利用三轴联动精密微细铣削机床加工微细直沟槽,并选取主轴转速、轴向切深、进给速度、刀具跳动量和材料组织结构为研究因素。采用多因素正交实验和极差分析法,对表面粗糙度值进行数值分析。铝合金,钢和钛合金三类微沟槽底面对应的最佳表面粗糙度值变化范围分别为1.073~1.481 μm,0.485~0.883 μm,0.235~0.267 μm;无刀具跳动钛合金微沟槽壁毛刺的最大高度为7.637 μm,而当刀具存在0.3 μm的径向综合跳动量时对应的微槽壁毛刺的最大高度为21.79 μm。铣削参数对表面粗糙度值的影响按从大到小依次为进给速度、主轴转速、轴向切深,且随着进给速度和轴向切深的增大,表面粗糙度值增大;随着主轴转速的增大,表面粗糙度值先减小后增大;在相同加工条件下,若微圆弧刀刃无磨损,微刀具的跳动量对微直沟槽侧壁表面质量有较大影响。同时,不同金属材料特性也是影响微沟槽表面质量的潜在因素。     

An approach for analyzing and controlling residual stress generation during high-speed circular milling

In the rapid development of the modern high-speed milling industry, particularly in the aerospace field, machined residual stress is an important evaluation indicator of the quality, and whether it can be controlled or not is critical. In this article, experimental data of residual stress in feed direction and vertical feed direction validated with finite element (FE) simulation, which resulted in the finding that residual stress distribution is nonuniform in varied machined circular areas. The maximum residual tensile stress in different directions changes with coordinates. It is well known that uncut chip thickness (UCT) will influence the cutting force and temperature, but the relation between UCT and residual stress is still difficult to understand and explicate. Traditional measurement of residual stresses in the feed and vertical feed direction is difficult to explain. Based on the UCT model which is a function of feed rate and tool diameter, by measuring residual tangential and radial stress, it is observed that residual tangential stress is influenced by the UCT. Moreover, residual radial stress, under high feed rate, is distributed with wave change, and residual radial stress under smaller feed rate is still affected by the UCT. These results indicate that it is possible to optimize the residual stress distribution by controlling UCT (feed rate and tool diameter) with high-speed milling.     

Investigation on the conveying velocity of a linear vibratory feeder while handling bulk-sized small parts

This paper deals with investigation of the behavior of a linear vibratory feeder, used for conveying small parts. A rotating drum with radial fins is designed and developed for carrying out experimental investigations. A tumbling barrel hopper is used for feeding the components onto the track. Special baffles are used for positioning the parts on the track. A linear vibrator is used for conveying the parts through the feed track. This track can be changed depending on the geometry of the components being conveyed. The parameters affecting the feed rate and conveying velocity are the barrel dimension, amplitude and angle of vibration, coefficient of friction, and the operating frequency. A mathematical model is developed to predict the conveying velocity under the influence of these parameters. It is observed that the actual measured values of feed rate and conveying velocity are in good agreement with those predicted by the proposed model.     

GH761合金拉削残余应力研究

这里分析了GH761合金拉削时，速度、齿升量、拉刀前角对拉削表面残余应力的影响。试验结果表明，沿拉削速度方向的表面残余应力为拉应力，最大残余应力在表面层下。     

高温合金GH169拉削残余应力研究

分析拉削GH 169合金时 ,速度、齿升量、拉刀前角对拉削表面残余应力的影响。试验结果表明 ,沿拉削速度方向的表面残余应力为拉应力 ,最大残余应力在表面层下。     

Experimental study of surface integrity and fatigue life in the face milling of inconel 718

The Inconel 718 alloy is widely used in the aerospace and power industries. The machining-induced surface integrity and fatigue life of this material are important factors for consideration due to high reliability and safety requirements. In this work, the milling of Inconel 718 was conducted at different cutting speeds and feed rates. Surface integrity and fatigue life were measured directly. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on surface integrity and their further influences on fatigue life were analyzed. Within the chosen parameter range, the cutting speed barely affected the surface roughness, whereas the feed rate increased the surface roughness through the ideal residual height. The surface hardness increased as the cutting speed and feed rate increased. Tensile residual stress was observed on the machined surface, which showed improvement with the increasing feed rate. The cutting speed was not an influencing factor on fatigue life, but the feed rate affected fatigue life through the surface roughness. The high surface roughness resulting from the high feed rate could result in a high stress concentration factor and lead to a low fatigue life.     

钛合金铣削加工表面残余应力研究

金属切削加工引起的残余应力对零部件变形、疲劳性能有重要影响,通过选择合适的加工参数对其进行控制是可能的。目的在于研究钛合金铣削加工中铣削参数对已加工表面残余应力的影响,利用X射线衍射技术测量进给方向和铣削方向的残余应力。为保证X射线应力测量精度,采用摇摆法和峰拟合定峰方法。试验结果表明,钛合金顺铣加工表面残余应力表现为压应力,主要是由于刀具后刀面与已加工表面的挤光效应起主导作用所致。沿铣削方向和进给方向,切削参数对工件表面残余应力影响具有差异性。通过控制切削参数有可能生成定制化的应力。     

Analysis of residual stress and work-hardened profiles on Inconel 718 when face turning with large-nose radius tools

Surface integrity (SI) and, particularly, the residual stress profile, has a great influence on the fatigue life of machined aeronautical critical parts. Among the different cutting parameters that affect the final SI, tool geometry is one of the most important factors. In particular, tool nose radius determines the surface roughness, as well as the thermoplastic deformation of the workpiece. Indeed, the use of large tool nose radius in the industry enables (1) increasing the feed rate while keeping the roughness values below specifications and (2) reducing the influence of the tool wear in the surface roughness. Therefore, in this study, the influence of tool nose radius in the induced residual stress profile and work-hardened layer when face turning Inconel 718 is analysed for a cutting speed range between (30–70 m/min) and a feed rate range of (0.15–0.25 mm/rev). For this purpose, residual stress profiles and work-hardened layer were measured by x-ray diffraction method after machining with a 4 mm nose radius. Then, results have been compared against different tool nose radius studies carried out by other authors for the specified working conditions. Results revealed that residual stress profiles varied when machining with different nose radius for the studied range. In particular, the increase of the nose radius brought to a higher difference between surface tensile stress and subsurface compressive peak stress, which is attributed to an increase of the thermal effect. Moreover, thicker work-hardened layer (around 100 μm) was observed when machining with large-nose radius for the studied working conditions.     

RESIDUAL STRESSES ON INCONEL 718 TURBINE SHAFT SAMPLES AFTER TURNING

Results of X-ray residual stress measurements on Inconel 718 turbine shaft samples are here proposed. The paper presents part of the EU STREP project VERDI activity, where the aim was to supply those who numerically simulate machining process with an experimental database of proved reliability. Measurements were planned on a set of samples machined with different levels of cutting speed and feed rate. Due attention was given to the assessment of the uncertainty of experimental results. A database of surface residual stress values and depth profiles is presented with the estimated uncertainty both on stress and depth values. The stress proved to be always tensile at the surface and compressive below the surface. Higher cutting speed and feed rates produce higher surface tensile stresses but the trends are different for the two measurement directions.