雪崩光电二极管在相位式激光测距仪中的应用

雪崩光电二极管作为光敏接收器件,特别适合用于微弱信号的接收检测,它在相位式激光测距系统中用来接收经过漫反射后微弱的激光信号.针对雪崩二极管反向偏压电路中高纹波的问题,本文设计和分析了一种高效的低纹波偏压电路,实验结果表明,该方法有效抑制了纹波电压.针对雪崩二极管温度漂移的问题,本文设计和分析一种新型的温度补偿电路,使雪崩二极管达到了最佳雪崩增益.针对雪崩二极管噪声问题,分析了主要噪声源,设计了一个低噪声的前置放大电路,实验结果表明,该电路有效地提高了信噪比.综合实验结果表明,这些电路设计对于提高相位式激光测距仪的测量精度是有效的.     

相位式激光测宽仪的设计和实现

自60年代初期激光的出现,激光测距取代了传统的测距方法成为测距系统的主流.本文所设计的激光测宽仪实际上是在激光测距的基础上实现双向测量,是激光测距的一个应用,旨在设计一套体形轻巧、性价比高、测距精度较高的双向测距系统,所采用的是相位法,即对半导体激光器直接调制使激光连续发射,通过测量往返信号之间的相位差实现距离的测量.文中采用了直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),保证了主振和本振频率的准确性也避免了传统测距系统中正弦发生信号所出现的频率漂移和相位抖动等问题,实验结果比较理想.     

基于锁定放大的微弱激光回波信号探测系统

微弱信号检测的核心问题是对噪声的处理,为了探测深埋于噪声中的微弱激光回波信号,设计并搭建了一套锁定放大信号检测系统。PIN光电二极管探测到的微弱激光回波信号由前置放大电路和二级放大电路转换为电压信号并放大,再经带通滤波器滤除带外噪声,最后通过相敏检波电路,转换为与回波光强成正比的直流电压信号输出。测试结果表明,系统可以有效抑制噪声,被测信号的信噪比改善超过10.6dB。     

激光外差探测中外差信号检测方法研究

为了检测激光外差探测中的微弱信号,分析了激光外差探测原理,提出了采用锁相放大器与采样积分器检测激光外差信号,锁相放大器是利用压缩等效带宽抑制噪声检测周期信号,采样积分器是利用取样和平均化技术测定深埋在噪声中的周期性信号,这2种方法在激光外差信号检测中可大幅度改善信噪比。     

取样积分器在激光外差测厚系统中的应用

为了提取激光外差玻璃测厚系统中的微弱信号,采用了取样积分器作为信号检测电路,介绍了激光外差玻璃厚度测量系统原理,设计了平衡取样积分电路,并运用Multsim对电路进行仿真。结果证明,取样积分器检测到的输出信号符合系统设计的预期要求。     

激光测距的高速采集与处理电路的设计

针对激光测距接收电路提出了将激光回波数字化处理的方法。基于激光测距中激光信号脉冲窄、上升沿陡、实时性要求高的特点,提出了采用ADC FPGA DSP的高速数据采集与实时处理的设计方案,详细介绍了电路的具体设计方法。分别对2MHz正弦波和重复频率5kHz脉宽为80ns的窄脉冲进行了采集实验,结果表明电路满足设计要求。     

基于Kerr电光效应的变压器油中直流电场测量系统

在直流电场下油纸绝缘系统中,空间电荷的存在会对系统的绝缘性能造成影响。通过实时测量得到绝缘系统中的电场分布和电荷分布具有重要意义。Kerr电光效应法因不会对绝缘系统中电场分布造成影响而得到很多研究者的关注。由于实验系统中包含较复杂的光学器件及微弱信号检测单元,其实现具有一定的难度。文章采用光电二极管作为光接收器件,采用一种交流电压调制方法,结合锁相放大器实现了对微弱信号的检测;通过检测输出光强中直流和所施加的交流信号分量,计算得到了待测直流电场的数值。试验结果表明该系统具有较好的线性度。     

激光液面监测与报警模拟系统

在实际中许多液位的测量都无法接触到液体本身,输液瓶液位的测量就属于这类问题。本文以解决输液瓶液位测量问题为基础,提出了一种基于单片机和步进电机的激光光电测量液位法。通过对测量装置的硬件结构和软件实现方法的分析,实现了利用激光和光敏二极管自制的光电传感器进行信号采集、单片机软件进行信号处理并以闭环反馈控制步进电机带动信号采集装置,大大提高了装置的测量精度。另外,本装置添加了液晶显示屏和报警装置,实现了液位的动态显示及语音报警提示。     

仪表放大器在激光外差玻璃测厚系统中的应用

为了放大激光外差玻璃厚度测量系统中的微弱信号,采用由分立元件构成仪表放大器作为光电探测器前置放大器,解决了放大器与光电接收器之间阻抗匹配,并运用Multsim对电路进行仿真和安装调试。结果证明,放大电路的输出信号符合系统设计的预期要求。     

锁相技术在FSM管道腐蚀测量中的应用

基于电位阵列的金属管道(容器)在线腐蚀检测方法称为场指纹法(field signature method,FSM).FSM是一种新型的石油、天然气管道腐蚀监测技术.它通过检测管道外部两两电极间电位差的变化,来判断管道的腐蚀情况.由于电极间的电位差极其微弱(30～60 μV),因此微弱信号的测量精度决定了腐蚀检测的精度.锁相放大技术是一种提取淹没在噪声中微弱信号的重要手段,广泛用于微弱信号检测系统中.介绍锁相放大技术的微弱信号检测电路的设计以及在FSM管道腐蚀测量系统的应用,同时针对测量信号是低频的特点,在系统中采用数字与模拟相结合的方法,大幅度提高了其测量精度以及稳定性,达到了项目的要求.     

Study of the conditions of irradiating laser for removal of toner from used paper

Though it is said that the paperless age arrived with the spread of personal computers, the amount of office paper used shows no tendency to decrease. In general, used paper is recovered and recycled in order to preserve the environment. But labor and expense are required for the recovery of used paper and the recycled paper is lower in quality. If we could reuse used paper repeatedly without these disadvantages, for example, by using copying machines that could print again by removing the toner on used paper, it would be very convenient and ecological. We therefore studied the removal of toner from used paper by the laser ablation technique. As an optical source, an SHG‐YAG laser was chosen. The energy density of irradiation with an SHG‐YAG laser for the removal of toner from used paper was examined. At an energy density of approximately 12 mJ/mm², which was the average value, the toner was removed sufficiently to allow reuse of the paper. The conditions of the laser irradiation, specifically the laser scanning speed and the number of irradiations, were studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 8–14, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21214     

Development of diode‐pumped solid‐state laser HALNA for fusion reactor driver

The diode‐pumped slab laser for inertial fusion energy driver has been demonstrated, which produces the 1053‐nm output energy of 10 J at 10 Hz. The glass slab laser amplifier has been pumped by quasi‐CW 290‐kW AlGaAs laser‐diode arrays at 803 nm. The optical system can compensate for thermal effects by use of zigzag optical propagation, image‐relayed telescope, and 45^° Faraday rotator. The output energy of 10.6 J at 1 Hz with the optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 19.9% has been successfully obtained. Also, the 10‐Hz operation has been performed with an output energy of 5.1 J. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 27–35, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20288     

Development of a laser radar using LDS dye and sum frequency generation for NO2 measurement

A laser radar for measuring vertical concentration profiles of atmospheric NO₂ was developed. The laser transmitter uses an LDS765 dye laser pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. The dye laser output is converted to wavelengths 446.8 and 448.1 nm, which are used for NO₂ measurement, by sum frequency generation (SFG) using a pair of KD^*P crystals. The dependence of the LDS765 dye laser output on wavelength and dye concentration was investigated, and the performance of the laser transmitter was evaluated. Compared to the Coumarin 445 dye laser conventionally used for NO₂ measurement, this laser transmitter represents a significant improvement in output stability, as well as in maximum output energy and overall conversion efficiency. Using the newly developed laser radar, NO₂ concentrations of 20 to 40 ppb were measured for vertical range 500 to 1000 m, which were in rough agreement with values monitored on the ground. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 26–33, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10231     

一种改进的脉冲式激光测距仪的设计

脉冲式激光测距仪原理简单,集成化和小型化比较好,采用直接计数激光脉冲延迟时间方法测量距离,精度比较低。本文采用高精度电容的大充放电时间常数比的方法,将待测的微小时间放大,采用较低的时钟精确测量激光脉冲回波与主计数时钟之间小于一个周期的时间间隔,提高了脉冲式激光测距仪的测量精度。本文给出了系统设计框图,实验数据表明,此系统和普通脉冲式激光测距仪相比,距离分辨率提高了20倍。     

视觉与二维激光雷达的目标检测方法

为了改进单一传感器对目标物体的检测范围小、检测特征少以及检测准确率较低的问题,提出一种视觉与二维激光雷达的目标检测方法。在视觉检测方面提出一种改进的GoogLeNet算法实现视觉对目标物体的识别,该方法相比GoogLeNet算法在对6种目标物体的识别准确率上提高了0.7%。在二维激光雷达检测方面采用欧氏聚类算法对二维激光雷达的点云数据聚类,接着使用RANSAC算法对聚类簇中的数据点进行筛选,最后使用卡尔曼滤波算法对目标物体的位置进行预测,实现二维激光雷达在特定平面上360°对目标物体进行跟踪检测和定位。实验结果表明,该方法使得移动机器人扩大了检测范围、增加了检测特征并提高了识别准确率。     

Fabrication and characterization of β−FeSi2 thin films prepared by PLD method using Nd:YAG laser

β?FeSi₂ thin films were grown on Si(111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method using a Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064nm, laser energy=50mJ, laser energy density=1.65J/cm², repetition frequency=10Hz). In the fabrication process, three targets of (a) Fe(5N), (b) FeSi₂(3N), and (c) Fe(5N)+FeSi₂(3N) were used. The β?FeSi₂ thin films having the best properties of crystallinity were obtained in the case of (c), in which the first layer as the template was formed with the target of Fe(5N) and then, on top of that, the second layer was deposited with the target of FeSi₂(3N). At this time, it was found that by XRD measurement, the degree of crystallinity of the films of case (c) in which the first layer was introduced as the template improved 1.4 times as much compared with case (a), and that by SEM and AFM observations, surface morphologies also improved. Moreover, it was found that by TEM observation, the β?FeSi₂ thin films grew uniformly along the direction of (220) or (202) from the interface of the Si substrate and the film to the free surface and that by EDS analysis, the compositions of Fe and Si were uniformly distributed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 39–45, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20238     

脉冲激光清洗典型污秽瓷式绝缘子温度特性分析

脉冲激光清洗瓷式绝缘子表面污秽会产生强烈的热效应,分析清洗过程中的温度特性至关重要。文中以沾污的瓷式绝缘子为研究对象,通过仿真和实验相结合的方法,研究不同典型污秽、不同污秽含水量、不同激光能量密度及波长等工况下温度场的变化规律。结果表明:温度的高低与污秽含水量、激光能量密度成正比,与激光波长成反比,其中激光湿式清洗比干式清洗效率高;在保证绝缘子瓷材料的抗热稳定性的前提下,激光能量密度处于2.52～3.81 J/cm~2,扫描速度1 000 mm/s时,不会损伤绝缘子基底材料,可达到最佳清洗。     

Optical guiding of intense laser pulses by fast Z-pinch discharge

We have proposed the optical guiding of intense laser pulses by fast Z-pinch for channel-guided laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). The method has been developed based on capillary discharge-pumped X-ray laser technique. A discharge through preionized helium gas driven by a current of 4.8 kA with a rise time of 15 ns proved able to produce a uniform guiding channel with good reproducibility, less than the time jitter of 1.8 ns. The observed guiding channel formation process was corroborated by 1D-MHD simulation. With this new guiding method, an intense Ti-sapphire laser pulse (λ = 790 nm, 2.2 TW, 90 fs, 1 × 10¹⁷ W/cm²) was transported through the channel over a distance of 2 cm, corresponding to 12.5 times the Rayleigh length. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 19–27, 2001