聚丙烯酸改性凹土对Pb2+、Ni2+和Cr3+的选择性吸附

通过凹土的表面功能化开发高性能低成本的吸附材料,采用溶液聚合法在其表面接枝聚丙烯酸,制备出聚丙烯酸/凹土吸附材料(PAA/ATP),系统考察了PAA/ATP对Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺和Cr³⁺三元混合体系的吸附性能。结果表明:PAA/ATP复合吸附材料的有机物接枝率为14.1%,其结构中出现聚丙烯酸的特征官能团;PAA/ATP吸附Pb²⁺的动力学符合拟二级动力学,即化学吸附是速率控制步骤,说明PAA/ATP对Pb²⁺的吸附是一个有化学作用的过程,吸附过程与Pb²⁺和吸附剂PAA/ATP表面官能团之间的电子转移或电子共用有关;PAA/ATP对Pb²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;PAA/ATP对Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺和Cr³⁺的竞争吸附能力依次为Pb²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Ni²⁺,即对Pb²⁺具有较好的选择性吸附。     

氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠的制备及对Fe3+的吸附

为有效防止尾矿坝化学堵塞可在排水设施上涂覆海藻酸钠基吸附材料。以海藻酸钠(SA)为基体, 高碘酸钠为氧化剂, 氨基磺酸为改性材料, 制备了一种吸附材料氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠(MSA), 使用FT-IR、SEM对其进行表征, 并研究了MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附行为。研究结果表明: —NHSO₃H被成功引入到海藻酸二醛(ADA)上制得MSA; MSA吸附Fe³⁺后分子尺寸增大, 分子链空隙增大。MSA吸附Fe³⁺的较佳吸附条件为Fe³⁺初始质量浓度200 mg/L、Fe³⁺溶液pH值2、吸附时间240 min, 吸附温度25 ℃, 此时MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附量最大, 为151 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式, MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附是单分子层化学吸附; 吸附热力学分析表明吸附过程是一个自发的过程, 且温度升高不利于吸附反应的进行。     

黄腐酸基Cd2+离子印迹聚合物的吸附性能测试

以改性黄腐酸为功能单体,反相悬浮聚合法制备了Cd²⁺离子印迹聚合物,并研究其吸附性能。动力学模型表明,黄腐酸基Cd²⁺离子印迹聚合物对Cd²⁺的吸附符合准二级动力学吸附模型,相关系数达到0.9977;热力学研究发现,黄腐酸基Cd²⁺离子印迹聚合物吸附重金属离子的形式为单分子层表面吸附,与Langmuir等温吸附模型相符;竞争吸附实验显示,竞争离子Pb²⁺、Cr³⁺存在时,Cd²⁺/Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺/Cr³⁺的相对选择性系数分别为4.32、13.47,说明MFA-IIP对模板离子拥有较强的选择识别性能,竞争离子化合价不同,选择识别性更加显著。     

不同变质程度超微煤粉对重金属离子的吸附性能

重金属离子由于具有毒性、难以生物降解且可在生物体内累积,严重威胁人类的身体健康。吸附是去除重金属离子的一种可行有效的方法。本文选择褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤3种变质程度不同的煤种,通过高能球磨获得超微煤粉。研究了3种超微煤粉对水溶液中Ni²⁺和Cr⁶⁺的吸附动力学与热力学以及投加量与pH值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明3种煤粉对Ni²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附量均随时间的增加而增加,并且Ni²⁺的处理效果明显好于Cr⁶⁺,在180min时褐煤、无烟煤与烟煤对Ni²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附量分别为3.906mg/g、3.582mg/g、2.983mg/g和1.953mg/g、1.774mg/g、0.487mg/g。3种煤粉对两种重金属离子的吸附均符合二级吸附动力学和Freundlich等温式,随着投加量与pH值的增加,去除效果增加,在相同条件下,褐煤的吸附效果优于烟煤与无烟煤。     

国外渣油加氢技术研究进展

随着原油劣质化趋势的加剧及环保法规的日益严格,渣油加氢技术已成为炼厂提高轻油收率的关键技术。本文针对目前主要的渣油加氢技术,比较了固定床、沸腾床、悬浮床、移动床四大类型渣油加氢技术的优势和不足,重点分析了国外主要的渣油加氢技术的研究进展,探讨了未来的发展趋势。固定床加氢技术最成熟,在可预见的未来仍将占据渣油加氢的主导地位;沸腾床加氢技术日趋成熟,代表未来渣油加氢的发展方向;移动床加氢技术暂不作为渣油加氢的有效手段;悬浮床加氢技术尚未实现工业化应用,正在建设多套工业装置,具有良好的发展前景。渣油加氢技术与其他重油加工工艺进行优化集成,将会显著提高炼厂的经济效益。     

The removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution by fly ash, slag, ordinary Portland cement and related blends

Phosphate ions have been removed from aqueous solution by fly ash, slag, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and related cement blends. The rate and efficiency of PO₄³⁻ removal were found to increase in the order: fly ash, slag, OPC, apparently mimicking the order of increasing percent CaO in the adsorbents. Blending OPC with fly ash or slag evidently results in diminished PO₄³⁻ removal efficiency. Better removal was obtained at higher solute concentration, acidic pH and higher temperature. The effect of particle size and the speed of mixing were found not to be significant. A first-order kinetic model was used to obtain values for overall sorption rate constants and intraparticle diffusion constants. The Frumkin isotherm was found to be the appropriate equation for modelling isotherms from the experimental adsorption data, and values have been obtained for the isotherm constants. A 400-mg/l PO₄³⁻ (as P) solution was fed at a steady velocity of 2.0 cm/min through a 2.0-cm fixed-bed column (at pH 9.0 and 25 °C), and breakthrough curves were constructed to obtain estimated adsorption capacity values of 32, 60, 75, 78 and 83 mg PO₄³⁻/g adsorbent for fly ash, slag, OPC+fly ash, OPC+slag and OPC, respectively.     

Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+在高炉水淬渣上的竞争吸附特性

利用等温吸附法考察了高炉水淬渣对Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺的单组分吸附和竞争吸附性能。结果表明,单一组分吸附时,金属离子吸附等温线属于“H”形等温线,吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,高炉水淬渣吸附的顺序为Cu²⁺ >Cd²⁺ >Zn²⁺,这与重金属离子电负性、水合离子半径及荷径比等有关。当加入竞争离子后,Cu²⁺的吸附等温线基本维持原来形状,且仍旧与Langmuir吸附等温模型比较相符,而Cd²⁺ 和Zn²⁺的吸附无法与现有等温吸附模型很好地拟合,等温线的形状由于竞争作用也与传统的等温线均不相同,同时各金属离子的吸附量都比单组分的吸附量降低了。吸附动力学过程先是一个快速阶段,然后进入慢速阶段。无论是单组分还是竞争条件下,伪二级动力学方程拟合结果较好,说明高炉水淬渣与Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺之间的吸附过程主要是以化学吸附为主。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖基膜材料去除Cr3+污染特性与机理

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）和乙酸酐为原料,合成了魔芋葡甘聚糖醋酸酯（KGM-Acetate）溶胶,辅以助剂制备一种新型去污剂,涂布于被Cr³⁺污染的镀漆钢板表面,成膜去污后,去污膜实现自脱落。综合考察了KGM-Acetate合成条件对Cr³⁺去污率、KGM-Acetate溶胶浓度和成膜温度对成膜时间以及不同配方助剂的添加对去污膜的剥离强度的影响,并运用FTIR、EDX及XPS等分析手段对去污机理进行了分析。结果表明：当反应温度为60℃,反应时间为150 min,催化剂浓硫酸的用量为3 ml,酯化剂醋酸酐为40 ml（KGM为5 g）时合成的KGM-Acetate溶胶成膜剂对Cr³⁺去污率最高,达到99.2%。KGM-Acetate对Cr³⁺的去除可能主要是KGM-Acetate与Cr³⁺配位作用和物理吸附作用的结果。当KGM-Acetate溶胶浓度为4.7%、成膜温度为40℃时成膜时间最短为87 min;助剂配方为柠檬酸：十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）：乙二胺四乙酸钠（EDTA）：水为4：6：1：89时去污膜剥离强度最小,实现自脱落。     

Fabrication of Poly（y-glutamic acid）-coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Application in Heavy Metal Removal

In this study, poly（y-glutamic acid）-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles （y-PGA/Fe304 MNPs） were successfully fabricated using the co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 MNPs were also prepared for comparison. The av erage size and specific surface area results reveal that 7-PGA/Fe304 MNPs （52.4 nm, 88.41 m2.g-1） have smaller particle size and larger specific surface area_ than Fe3O4 MNPs （62.0 nm, 76.83 mLg-1）. The y-PGA/Fe3O4 MNPs     

季铵盐改性玻璃纤维滤纸吸附去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究

采用二甲基十八烷基[3-(三氧甲基硅基)丙基]氯化铵(TPMMC)与经过等离子体预处理后的玻璃纤维滤纸进行接枝改性获得负载有季铵盐基团的玻纤材料,对其进行了表征,探讨了改性前后玻璃纤维滤纸在不同溶液Cr6+含量和pH下对水中Cr6+吸附性能的差异及形成原因.结果表明,改性后玻璃纤维材料表面ζ电位大幅上升,由负转为正.未...     

Removal of lead and cadmium ions by single and binary systems using phytogenic magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by 3-marcaptopropanic acid

The present research study is focused on green fabrication of superparamagnetic Phytogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles(PMNPs), and then its surface functionalization with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid(3-MPA). The resulting material(i.e. 3-MPA@PMNPs) characterized by FTIR, powder XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, BET and TGA techniques and then further employed for the investigation of the adsorptive removal of lead(Pb~(2+)) and cadmium(Cd~(2+)) ions from aqueous solutions in single and binary systems. The material showed fastest adsorptive rate(98.23%) for Pb~(2+) and(96.5%) Cd~(2+)within the contact time of 60 min at pH 6.5 in the single system. The experimental data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm, indicated monolayer adsorption of both metal ions onto 3-MPA@PMNPs and an estimated comparable adsorptive capacity of 68.41 mg·g~(-1)(Pb~(2+)) and 79.8 mg·g~(-1)(Cd~(2+)) at p H 6.5. However, kinetic data agreed well with pseudo-second-order model, and indicated that the removal mainly supported chemisorption and/or ion-exchange mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such asΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo, were-3259.20, 119.35 and 20.73 for Pb2+, and-1491.10, 45.441 and 7.87 for Cd~(2+) at temperature 298.15 K, confirmed that adsorption was endothermic, spontaneous and favorable. The material demonstrated higher selectivity of Pb~(2+) and its removal efficiency was(98.20 ± 0.3)% in binary system experiments. The material persisted performance up-to seven(07) consecutive treatment cycles without losing their stability and offered comparable fastest magnetic separation(35 s) from aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is recommended that the prepared material can be employed to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water/wastewaters and this "green" method can easily be implemented at large scale in low economy countries.     

Structure and properties of forming adsorbents prepared from different particle sizes of coal fly ash

In this paper, different particle sizes of coal fly ash FA-R (D50=15.75μm), FA-A (D50=3.61μm) and FA-B (D50=1.73μm) were treated with NaOH solution to prepare the forming adsorbents FFA-R, FFA-A and FF...     

原料粒度对粉煤灰成型吸附剂结构和性能的影响(英文)

In this paper, different particle sizes of coal fly ash FA-R (D50=15.75μm), FA-A (D50=3.61μm) and FA-B (D50=1.73μm) were treated with NaOH solution to prepare the forming adsorbents FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B. The structure and adsorption properties of the forming adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solu-tion were examined. The results showed that the specific surface areas and adsorption capacities of the forming adsorbent for MB increased with decreasing particle size of raw coal fly ashes. The adsorption kinetic data of MB on FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B fitted the second-order kinetic model very wel with the rate constants (k2) of 3.15 × 10?2, 3.84 × 10?2 and 6.27 × 10?2 g·mg?1·min?1, respectively. The adsorption process was not only con-trol ed by intra-particle diffusion. The isotherms of MB on FFA-R, FFA-A and FFA-B can be described by the Lang-muir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic. ? 2014 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. Al rights reserved.     

钢渣对Ni2+与Cu2+的竞争吸附研究

将转炉钢渣磨碎筛分,从钢渣投加量、吸附时间、酸性条件等方面探究其对水溶液中Ni²⁺的吸附性能及吸附机理,并讨论Cu²⁺对钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的影响。研究结果表明,100 mL浓度为50 mg·L^-1的Ni²⁺溶液,用200目(0.074 mm)0.15 g的钢渣处理30 min,Ni²⁺的吸附率为99.88%。钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温模型。钢渣吸附Cu²⁺与吸附Ni²⁺属于竞争吸附,且钢渣对Cu²⁺的吸附能力优于对Ni²⁺的吸附能力。钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的过程以化学吸附为主,伴随着物理吸附,且随着钢渣表层吸附位点的减少,钢渣对Ni²⁺的物理吸附作用会逐渐减弱。该研究对处理工业含Ni²⁺与Cu²⁺的废水具有一定的指导意义。     

Green synthesis of nickel nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum and their application in dye and pollutant adsorption

Nickel nanoparticles as an eco-friendly adsorbent was biosynthesized using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. The phys-iochemical properties of green synthesized nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). NiGs were used as adsorbent for the removal of dyes such as crystal violet (CV), eosin Y (EY), orange I (OR) and anionic pol utant nitrate (NO3?), sulfate (SO42?) from aqueous solution. Adsorption capacity of NiGs was examined in batch modes at different pH, contact time, NiG dosage, initial dye and pol utant concentration. The adsorption process was pH dependent and the adsorption capacity increased with increase in contact time and with that of NiG dosage, whereas the adsorption capacity decreased at higher con-centrations of dyes and pol utants. Maximum percentage removal of dyes and pol utants were observed at 40, 20, 30, 10 and 10 mg·L?1 initial concentration of CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities in Langmuir isotherm were found to be 0.454, 0.615, 0.273, 0.795 and 0.645 mg·g?1 at pH 8, 3, 3, 7 and 7 for CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively. The higher coefficients of correlation in Langmuir isotherm sug-gested monolayer adsorption. The mean energies (E), 2.23, 3.53, 2.50, 5.00 and 3.16 kJ·mol?1 for CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively, calculated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm showed physical adsorption of adsor-bate onto NiGs. Adsorption kinetics data was better fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 N 0.870 for al dyes and pol utants. NiGs were found to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes and pol utants from aque-ous solution and can be applied to treat textile and tannery effluents.     

过氧化氢溶液中痕量离子吸附分离用氨基功能化SBA-15的制备及性能

通过后接枝法制备了氨基功能化SBA-15介孔氧化硅(S-N),用于吸附过氧化氢溶液中的金属和阴离子及有机杂质制高纯过氧化氢.研究了接枝量对吸附剂结构和性能的影响并发现S-N中的氮含量随接枝剂用量增加而增加,最高为1.83％.S-N保留了高度有序的六方孔道结构,但比表面积和孔体积均随接枝量增加而下降.在过氧化氢溶液中,各...     

磷钨酸铵-海藻酸钙复合吸附剂的制备及其铷吸附热力学及动力学

杂多酸盐无机离子吸附剂对于碱金属离子具有良好吸附性能,可望用于铷的分离提取。以海藻酸钙(CaALG)为载体,对铷有良好选择性的磷钨酸铵(AWP)为活性成分,采用溶胶凝胶法制备球形复合吸附剂AWP-CaALG并优化了物料配比、CaCl₂浓度、陈化时间及干燥温度等制备条件,通过SEM、XRD、IR分析对制备产物进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验,测得吸附剂对Rb⁺吸附容量达43 mg·g^-1。实验考察了溶液中铷初始浓度、吸附温度对吸附过程的影响,分别采用Langmuir等温吸附模型、Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行线性回归分析,结果表明吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型(R²>0.9962)。计算铷吸附过程焓变(ΔH)、熵变(ΔS)分别为-14.18 kJ·mol^-1和-0.0367 kJ·mol^-1·K^-1,不同温度下ΔG均为负值,说明该吸附过程可自发进行,低温利于吸附,升温利于解吸。吸附动力学结果表明该吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,且受化学反应控制。     

CrO x /Ti-Al2O3催化剂结构及其催化丙烷脱氢性能

以模板法制备的Ti改性Al₂O₃为载体制备了CrO _x /nTi-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了Ti含量对催化剂的结构及其催化丙烷脱氢性能的影响。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、氨气程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、吡啶红外吸附（Py-IR）等方法对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,CrO _x /nTi-Al₂O₃催化剂具有均匀的泡沫状介孔结构并含有少量微孔,表面积在180~195m²/g;铬主要以Cr⁶⁺和Cr³⁺形式存在,其中Cr⁶⁺主要以单铬酸盐和双铬酸盐形式存在,Cr³⁺以α-Cr₂O₃晶体和高分散Cr₂O₃形式存在,Ti的加入降低了催化剂表面Cr⁶⁺含量,增加了孔道内高分散Cr³⁺含量;Ti的加入降低了弱酸的强度,生成了少量中强酸,并使催化剂中B酸和L酸中心数量明显减少。少量的Ti（0.5%~1.0%TiO₂,质量分数）可明显提高丙烷转化率和丙烯收率,但过多的Ti（>2%TiO₂）则明显降低丙烯选择性而使丙烯收率降低。CrO _x /nTi-Al₂O₃催化剂表面Cr⁶⁺物种可催化丙烷氧化脱氢,本身还原成Cr³⁺后继续催化丙烷直接脱氢,孔道内部的高分散Cr³⁺可催化丙烷直接脱氢反应,二者结合使催化剂保持了较高的催化活性和较好的稳定性。     

王棕果壳粉吸附亚甲基蓝性能研究

研究了不同条件下王棕果壳粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,得到吸附的最佳条件为王棕果壳用量10g/L,溶液pH值7,吸附时间30min,温度30℃,亚甲基蓝去除率可达98%。应用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散方程模拟了王棕果壳粉吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学过程,准二级动力学方程的R²值均大于0.9991,且平衡吸附量的计算值(q_e,cal)与实验值(q_e,exp)非常接近,说明该方程适合描述整个吸附过程。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型模拟吸附等温线,结果表明Langmuir方程(R²值均大于0.995)更适合描述此吸附过程,在303K下最大单层吸附量为17.36mg/g。计算了吉布斯自由能变(ΔG⁰)、焓变(ΔH⁰)、熵变(ΔS⁰)、吸附势(E)等热力学参数,ΔG⁰、ΔH⁰、ΔS⁰均小于0,说明此吸附过程是一个自发进行的、放热的、趋于有序的吸附过程。在相同温度下,随着亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度的增加,对应的E值逐渐降低。     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.