碳酸钾-乙醇胺复合溶液吸收烟气中CO2的实验研究

分别以不同浓度的碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾—乙醇胺复合溶液作为吸收剂,以吸收速率和吸收量为指标,研究了吸收剂对烟气中CO2的吸收效果.结果表明,纯碳酸钾溶液吸收效果不佳,而掺入乙醇胺后的吸收效果显著改善,部分复合溶液的吸收效果甚至好于同浓度纯碳酸钾溶液与纯乙醇胺溶液的吸收效果之和,碳酸钾与乙醇胺在吸收过程中存在正交互作用.确定0.6 mol·L-1碳酸钾-0.4mol· L-1乙醇胺复合溶液为最佳的吸收剂,其饱和吸收量最大(0.185 mol)、再生温度最低(105℃)、再生率最高(98.8％).     

碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液吸收烟气中C02的实验研究

分别以不同浓度的碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液作为吸收剂,以吸收速率和吸收量为指标,研究了吸收剂对烟气中C02的吸收效果。结果表明,纯碳酸钾溶液吸收效果不佳,而掺入乙醇胺后的吸收效果显著改善,部分复合溶液的吸收效果甚至好于同浓度纯碳酸钾溶液与纯乙醇胺溶液的吸收效果之和,碳酸钾与乙醇胺在吸收过程中存在正交互作用。确定0．6mol·L-1碳酸钾-O．4mol·L-1乙醇胺复合溶液为最佳的吸收弃1,其饱和吸收量最大（O．185m01）、再生温度最低（105℃）、再生率最高（98．8％）。     

坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择性的影响研究

为探明坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵行为的影响,以开发生物农药,在室内采用选择性产卵实验方法分别测定了5种不同质量浓度的坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择性的影响.结果表明：从产卵量来看,各处理组与对照之间差异极显著,其中10.000 g·L-1处理组与对照的落卵量差别较大、卡方位达到131.120,0.080 g·L-1处理组次之、卡方值为92.395,2.000 g·L-1处理组与对照的落卵量差别较小、卡方位仅为24.599;从驱避效果来看,当坡柳皂苷浓度为10.000 g·L-1、0.080 g·L-1时驱避效果较好,驱避引诱指教分别为0.1891、0.1881,但是当坡柳皂苷浓度为0.400 g·L-1时,无驱避效果,驱避引诱指数为-0.1056,其它处理组驱避效果较弱;从整体上来看,坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵有驱避作用;坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾的交配影响较小,0.016 g·L-1、0.080 g·L-1、0.400 g·L-1、2.000g·L-1、10.000 g·L-1处理组的交配率分别为60.00％、67.50％、67.50％％、67.50％、72.50％.表明,坡柳皂苷对马铃薯块茎蛾具有一定的产卵驱避作用,有望成为一种绿色环保的马铃薯块茎蛾产卵驱避剂.     

可见光响应的壳-核结构Ag/AgCl光催化剂性能

利用光化学还原法制备了Ag/AgCl壳-核结构的复合纳米粒子,以亚甲基蓝为模型降解物,研究了其可见光催化性能。结果表明,壳-核结构的Ag/AgCl纳米材料具有表面等离子效应,提高了其对可见光吸收和光催化活性。在可见光照射下,亚甲基蓝溶液浓度为10 mg·L^-1,催化剂用量10 mg·L^-1,光照60 min,亚甲基蓝降解率达95%,COD去除率为92%。     

Effective and simple recovery of 1,3-propanediol from a fermented medium by liquid–liquid extraction system with ethanol and K_3PO_4

1,3-Propanediol,traditionally obtained from fossils,has numerous industrial applications,including use in the production of high performance polymers.The microbial production of 1,3-propanediol presents several opportunities,and the final purity grade determines its price and commercial viability.The development of novel separation technology could improve the economic viability of the bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol.Thus,we investigated salting-out extraction as a novel process for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.Initially,a screening for the best salt/solvent combination was conducted and then optimized using the response surface methodology.The solvents studied were methanol,ethanol,isopropanol and acetone,and the salts examined were K_2HPO_4,Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NaHPO_4,K_3PO_4 and C_6H_5NaO_7.The optimal extraction system consisted of 34 wt%K_3PO_4,28 wt% ethanol,and 38 wt% fermentation broth containing 23.0 g·L~(-1)1,3-propanediol,which gave the highest partition coefficient of 33 and recovery yield of 97%.The results demonstrated that salting-out extraction was a promising method for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.     

Novel kinetic model for the simulation analysis of the butanol productivity of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 under different reactor configurations

Acetone–butanol–ethanol(ABE)fermentation process can be exploited for the generation of butanol as biofuel,however it does need to overcome its low volumetric solvent productivity before it can commercially compete with fossil fuel technologies.In this regard,mathematical modelling and simulation analysis are tools that can serve as the base for process engineering development of biological systems.In this work,a novel phenomenological kinetic model of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was considered as a benchmark system to evaluate the behaviour of an ABE fermentation under different process configurations using both free and immobilized cells:single stage batch operation,fed-batch,single stage Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor(CSTR)and multistage CSTRs with and without biomass recirculation.The proposed model achieved a linear correlation index r~2=0.9952 and r~2=0.9710 over experimental data for free and immobilized cells respectively.The predicted maximum butanol concentration and productivity obtained were 13.08 g·L~(-1)and 1.9620 g·L~(-1)·h~(-1)respectively,which represents an increase of 1.01%and 990%versus the currently developed industrial scale process reported currently into the literature.These results provide a reliable platform for the design and optimization of the ABE fermentation system and showcase the adequate predictive nature of the proposed model.     

负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管/聚醚砜杂化超滤膜的制备

以聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,N, N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管(Ag- HNTs)为添加剂,采用相转化法制备聚醚砜超滤膜。系统地考察了添加剂(Ag- HNTs)含量对膜性能的影响,并用抑菌圈试验研究了所制膜的抗菌效果。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂KH-792中的甲氧基与HNTs上的羟基成功地发生反应,并且接枝量为0.105g (KH-792)?g -1 (HNTs);改性后的HNTs与Ag成功地发生络合反应,并且络合量近似为0.145g (Ag)?g -1 (HNTs);溶剂中负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管(Ag- HNTs)所占比例的增加能提高膜的水通量,而截留率保持在95%左右。所制备的膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑制作用。     

Characterization and application of a recombinant dopa decarboxylase from Harmonia axyridis for the efficient biosynthesis of dopamine

Here,a dopa decarboxylase (DDC) from Harmonia axyridis was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli for the efficient biosynthesis of dopamine.For the production of recombinant DDC,the cultivation conditions including IPTG concentration,temperature and induction time were optimized and obtained an optimal specific enzyme activity of 51.72 U·mg-1 crude extracts.After the purification of DDC with a recovery yield of 68.79％,its activity was further characterized.The Vmax,Km,Kcat,and Kcat/Km of DDC for dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) were 0.02 mmol·ml-1·s-1,2.328 mmol·ml-1,10435.90 s-1 and 4482.77 ml·mmol-1·s-1,respectively.The highest DDC activity was observed at the condition of pH 7.5 and 45 ℃.With the purified DDC,the feasibility to produce dopamine from L-dopa was evaluated.The optimal yield was determined at the following bioconversion conditions:pH of 7.0,the reaction temper-ature of 40 ℃,0.4 mmol·L-1 of PLP and 4 g·L-1 of L-dopa.Subsequently,a fed-batch process for the pro-duction of dopamine was developed and the effect of oxygen was evaluated.The titer,yield and productivity of dopamine reached up to 21.99 g·L-1,80.88％ and 14.66 g·L-1h-1 at 90 min under anaer-obic condition.     

阴离子竞争对磁赤铁矿纳米颗粒吸附砷酸盐的影响(英文)

This paper reports the effect of several competing anions on arsenate adsorption with maghemite nanoparticles.Sulphate(as SO4),nitrate(as NO3-N),phosphate(as PO4-P) ions and silicate(as SiO2) were studied in dual solution with arsenate.Moreover,the combined effect of ions and other water characteristics were examined with a natural groundwater sample which was spiked with a certain amount of arsenate.Arsenate batch adsorption experiments were carried out with two different kinds of maghemite—a commercially available one and a homemade one using the sol-gel process.Sulphate(≤250 mg·L-1) and nitrate(≤12 mg·L-1) had a negligible effect on the arsenate(0.5 mg·L-1) adsorption at pH 3.However,both phosphate(≤2.9 mg·L-1) and silicate(≤50 mg·L-1) had an adverse impact on arsenate(≤3 mg·L-1) adsorption at pH 7.Phosphate(≤1.5 mg·L-1) showed minimal competition with arsenate(0.5 mg·L-1),while silicate(≤10 mg·L-1) inhibition was insignificant for all studied As(V) concentrations at pH 3.The removal of arsenate from the groundwater sample was as efficient as from laboratory water for 0.5 mg·L-1 As(V) both at pH 3 and pH 7.     

A study on simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 by using sodium persulfate aqueous scrubbing

Nitric oxide(NO) removal and sulfur dioxide(SO_2) removal by sodium persulfate(Na_2S_2O_8) were studied in a Bubble Column Reactor. The proposed reaction pathways of NO and SO_2 removal are discussed. The effects of temperatures(35–90 °C), Na_2S_2O_8(0.05–0.5 mol·L~(-1)), Fe SO4(0.5–5.0 m mol·L~(-1)) and H_2O_2(0.25 mol·L~(-1))on NO and SO_2 removal were investigated. The results indicated that increased persulfate concentration led to increase in NO removal at various temperatures. SO_2 was almost completely removed in the temperature range of 55–85 °C. Fe~(2+)accelerated persulfate activation and enhanced NO removal efficiency. At 0.2 mol·L~(-1) Na_2S_2O_8 and 0.5–1.0 mmol·L~(-1) Fe~(2+), NO removal of 93.5%–99% was obtained at 75–90 °C, SO_2 removal was higher than 99% at all temperatures. The addition of 0.25 mol·L~(-1) H_2O_2 into 0.2 mol·L~(-1) Na_2S_2O_8 solution promoted NO removal efficiency apparently until utterly decomposition of H2 O2, the SO_2 removal was as high as98.4% separately at 35 °C and 80 °C.     

Fabrication,characterization, and thermal property evaluation of silver nanofluids

Silver nanoparticles were successfully prepared in two different solvents using a microwave heating technique, with various irradiation times. The silver nanoparticles were dispersed in polar liquids (distilled water and ethylene glycol) without any other reducing agent, in the presence of the stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The optical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of the synthesized silver particles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photopyroelectric technique, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that for the both solvents, the effect of microwave irradiation was mainly on the particles distribution, rather than the size, which enabled to make stable and homogeneous silver nanofluids. The individual spherical nanostructure of self-assembled nanoparticles has been formed during microwave irradiation. Ethylene glycol solution, due to its special properties, such as high dielectric loss, high molecular weight, and high boiling point, can serve as a good solvent for microwave heating and is found to be a more suitable medium than the distilled water. A photopyroelectric technique was carried out to measure thermal diffusivity of the samples. The precision and accuracy of this technique was established by comparing the measured thermal diffusivity of the distilled water and ethylene glycol with values reported in the literature. The thermal diffusivity ratio of the silver nanofluids increased up to 1.15 and 1.25 for distilled water and ethylene glycol, respectively.     

渗透压调节剂对耐高渗菌Candida Krusei生产甘油的影响

Candida krusei was osmotolerant yeast for the production of glycerol. Extracellular osmotic pressure was one of the key factors to induce the enzyme activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase（GPDH） which severely affected the glycerol productivity. Three osmoregulators such as NaCl, PEG4000 and glycerol were used to investigate their effects on yeast growth, glucose consumption and glycerol production. In order to determine the effect of extracellular glycerol concentration, different amounts of glycerol were initially supplemented as an osmoregulator to increase glycerol production. The maximum glycerol concentration attained 179g·L^-1 with initial glycerol concentration of 80g·L^-1 in medium, compared with 41g·L^-1 in the control experiment. These results were successfully reoroduced for fed-batch orocess in an air-lift reactor.     

树脂纳米零价铁催化过硫酸钠降解刚果红的研究

使用合成的树脂纳米零价铁(NZVI-resin)作为铁源,采用活化过硫酸钠(PDS)的方式产生具有强氧化性的硫酸根自由基,以偶氮染料刚果红(CR)为目标污染物,考察了硫酸根自由基对甲基橙的氧化降解行为。系统研究了温度、pH值、NZVI-resin加入量及过硫酸钠的浓度等因素对过硫酸钠氧化降解刚果红效率的影响,探讨了其降解动力学。结果表明:在pH=3.0、纳米零价铁用量为0.067 g·L-1、Na2S2O8的投加量为0.67 g·L-1的条件下,初始浓度为20 mg·L-1的刚果红溶液的降解率为84.59%;该降解反应符合准一级反应动力学方程。     

Kinetic degradation of amoxicillin by using the electro-Fenton process in the presence of a graphite rods from used batteries

This study reports the removal of amoxicillin(AMX) in aqueous media using the electro-Fenton process in the presence of a graphite cathode recovered from used batteries.The impact of the relevant parameters on the electro-Fenton process,namely the applied current intensity,the temperature,the initial concentration of AMX and the initial concentration of ferrous ions were investigated.The results showed that the optimal values were:I=600 mA,T=25℃,[AMX]_0=0.082 mmol·L~(-1) and [Fe~(2+])=1 mmol·L~(-1),leading to 95% degradation and 74% mineralization.The model parameters of AMX mineralization were determined using nonlinear methods,showing that it follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic.The Energy consumption(EC) calculated under the optimal values was found to be 0.79 kW·h·g~(-1) which was of the same order of magnitude of those reported in other findings;while it is noteworthy that the electrodes used in our study are of a lower cost.     

原电池电动势法测定热力学函数实验改进

常规电动势法测定热力学函数存在电动势的温度系数不稳定,仍至无法估计或修正等问题。使用改进型盐桥,在20~50°C温度范围内,对比测定了两支参比电极(氯化银和甘汞电极)组成的原电池的电动势。结果表明,其温度系数为正(2.22×10~(-4)V℃~(-1)),反应的热力学函数变化值Δ_rG_m(298 K)、Δ_rS_m(298 K)和Δ_rH_m(298K)分别为-52.87 k J·mol~(-1)、-67.14 J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1)、-69.98 k J·mol~(-1)。与热力学函数理论值相比,其相对误差分别为3.7%、-2.4%和-2.5%。满足基础物理化学实验教学要求。     

Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

利用肺炎克雷伯氏菌以葡萄糖和磷酸铵盐为底物生产2,3-丁二醇

1 INTRODUCTION Interest in microbial production of 2,3-butanediol has been increasing recently due to the extensive indus-trial application of this product. This colorless and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low freezing point is a potential valuable fuel additive. Its heating value is 27.198kJ·g-1, which is quite near the value of ethanol (29.055kJ·g-1). Besides, condensation of diol to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) coupled with subsequent hydrogenation yields octane isom…     

可溶型非融合血管生长抑制因子Kringle 5基因工程菌发酵培养和诱导表达条件的优化

在实验室试管培养条件下优化了基因工程菌E.coli BL21（DE3）pET15b/K5发酵产可溶型非融合血管生长抑制因子Kringle 5的培养基和诱导表达条件。经菌体干重测定和SDS-PAGE检测,确定最佳培养基（g.L-1）为：胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母提取物5.0,NaCl 10.0,葡萄糖6.0,NH4Cl 2.6,NaH2PO45.0,Na2HPO46.0;优化的诱导表达条件为：诱导剂浓度0.01mmol.L-1,诱导时间6h,诱导温度37℃,摇床转速220r.min-1。在优化的培养基和诱导表达条件下,菌体干重为1.8g.L-1,Kringle 5表达量为360mg.L-1,占总蛋白含量的20%,与基础LB培养基相比,Krin-gle 5表达量提高了1.18倍。     

蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

采用凝胶渗透色谱法研究了蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂( PCE)的吸附平衡及其影响因素。结果表明,蒙脱土对PCE具有很强的吸附作用,PCE浓度越大,其吸附量也越大。当PCE浓度为2.00 g·L-1(混凝土中PCE标准掺量)时,其吸附量为7.03 mg·g-1;当PCE为4.00 g·L-1时,其吸附量为14.61 mg·g-1;蒙脱土对PCE的最大吸附量(饱和吸附)约为21.18 mg·g-1。当PCE浓度≤2.50 g·L-1,体系pH值的变化对吸附量影响不大,但Ca2+、Mg2+金属离子的存在会增大PCE吸附量,其中Mg2+离子的影响尤为明显。蒙脱土吸附PCE是一吸热过程反应,过程符合准二级动力学方程,平衡仅需5~10 min。     

重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产类人胶原蛋白的过程控制研究

Recombinant E. coli BL 21 was cultivated in high cell density to produce human-like collagen. The effects of the feeding of nitrogen source, controlled by an auto on/off-feeding mode with two different cycles of 0.5min and 4min intervals, oxygen-enrichment methods and inducement strength on the cell yield and human-like collagen production were investigated. The studies showed that nitrogen source feeding in fast cycle could result in higher human-like collagen production than that in slow cycle; and the feedback regulation of glucose, increase of the pressure of fermentation bioreactor, and supply of oxygen-enriched air could all increase cell yield and human-like collagen production. The effects of inducement strength on protein expression were found important. When OD600 reached 90-100, the cultivation temperature was increased to 42℃ to begin induction for 2-3 h, and then shifted to 39℃ for 5-6h induction, the cell density and human-like collagen production could reach 96g·L-1 [DCW (dry cell mass)