Copper (II) adsorption capacity of a novel hydroxytyrosol-based polyacrylate

A novel hydroxytyrosol-based polyacrylate polymer material (pAcHTy) endowed with metal ion adsorption ability was obtained by free radical polymerization of a monomer containing a hydroxytyrosol precursor (tyrosol). Hydroxytyrosol (HTy) is the main natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant activity occurring in virgin olive oil and in olive oil wastewaters. pAcHTy showed a good chelating activity with respect to Cu²⁺ ions, especially at pH 6 where short equilibrium times and high adsorption capacity were observed (146 mg/g). From thermodynamic parameters, it has been found that the sorption process was spontaneous at low temperature and exothermic in nature. The adsorption process has been studied by employing three simplified kinetic models, including a pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, and intraparticle diffusion equation. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients, for each kinetic model, were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumable a chemisorption. The pAcHTy polymer could find an important application in the medical field, particularly in chelation therapy as well as in the wastewater and drinking water treatment plants.     

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by modified expanded graphite powder

The modified expanded graphite (MEG) powder was used as a porous adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions. The dye adsorption experiments were carried out with the bath procedure. Experimental results showed that the basic pH, increasing initial dye concentration and high temperature favored the adsorption. The dye adsorption equilibrium was attained rapidly after 5 min of contact time. Experimental data related to the adsorption of MB on the MEG under different conditions were applied to the pseudo-first-order equation, the pseudo-second-order equation and the intraparticle diffusion equation, and the rate constants of first-order adsorption (k₁), the rate constants of second-order adsorption (k₂) and intraparticle diffusion rate constants (k_int) were calculated, respectively. The experimental data fitted very well in the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters of activation such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were also evaluated. The results indicated that the MEG powder could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes from effluents.     

松果对废水中Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附特性研究

以松果作为吸附剂进行了去除废水中Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的吸附及解吸试验,研究了溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量、反应时间、溶液初始浓度对吸附效果的影响,以及不同pH值对达到吸附平衡的松果的解吸影响。结果表明:当pH值为5.0～5.5,Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+初始质量浓度约为25 mg/L时,吸附剂的最佳投加量分别为3、1.5、3 g/L,去除率分别为55.32%、86%、39.96%。3种重金属离子的吸附动力学方程符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程,R2均大于0.998。等温吸附研究表明:Freundlich方程能较好地描述Cu2+的等温吸附过程,Langmuir方程则能更好地描述Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附过程,用Langmuir方程拟合等温吸附数据得出松果对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的最大吸附量分别为9.10、31.65和9.60 mg/g。强酸是一种理想的Cu2+和Zn2+解吸剂。     

硅载生物吸附剂的制备及性能研究

通过酵母细胞自溶得到中空细胞壁。以硅酸乙酯为原料,制备硅溶胶,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了粒径为250~600μm的硅载细胞壁生物吸附剂S-1。以环氧氯丙烷交联细胞壁生物吸附剂S-2为对照,比较两者对Ag+的吸附性能。并研究了S-1对Pb2+,Cd2+,Cu2+,Zn2+的吸附性能。结果S-1的吸附强度明显高于S-2,但两者的吸附容量相当。S-1对Ag+及其它金属离子具有较高的吸附强度,对Pb2+和Cd2+具有较大的吸附容量。吸附是由于酵母细胞壁上的多糖对金属离子的螯合作用。     

Ce-MCM-48分子筛的合成与吸附动力学研究

以硅溶胶为硅源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵( CTAB)为模板剂,采用物质的量配比为Ce2O3:SiO2:CTAB:H2O:NaOH =0.015:1:0.45:60:0.48,静态水热合成了Ce-MCM-48分子筛,采用XRD、SEM (EDS)、TEM等方法对其进行了表征,并对其进行了吸附动力学研究.结果表明,本文成功合成了Ce-MCM-48介孔分子筛,其拟一级吸附动力学方程为lg(qe-q)=-0.4365-0.01026t,R2=0.9289,拟二级吸附动力学方程为t/qt =0.4027+0.27818t,R2=0.9999,相对拟一级反应模型,这个结果相关性更好,更能真实地反映分子筛吸附亚甲蓝溶液的反应机理.     

蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

采用凝胶渗透色谱法研究了蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂( PCE)的吸附平衡及其影响因素。结果表明,蒙脱土对PCE具有很强的吸附作用,PCE浓度越大,其吸附量也越大。当PCE浓度为2.00 g·L-1(混凝土中PCE标准掺量)时,其吸附量为7.03 mg·g-1;当PCE为4.00 g·L-1时,其吸附量为14.61 mg·g-1;蒙脱土对PCE的最大吸附量(饱和吸附)约为21.18 mg·g-1。当PCE浓度≤2.50 g·L-1,体系pH值的变化对吸附量影响不大,但Ca2+、Mg2+金属离子的存在会增大PCE吸附量,其中Mg2+离子的影响尤为明显。蒙脱土吸附PCE是一吸热过程反应,过程符合准二级动力学方程,平衡仅需5~10 min。     

Hybrid A–B–A type nanowires through cation exchange

Hybrid A–B–A type nanowires (NWs) with Ag5Te3–HgTe–Ag5Te3 composition have been created by the reaction of Hg2+ with Ag2Te NWs. The NW morphology of Ag2Te is preserved upon reaction with minor changes and the two separate phases formed are spatially separated within the same NW. The reaction of Hg2+ with Ag2Te NWs was monitored at different concentrations and the reactivity was attributed to cationic exchange depending on solubility products. Hybrid NWs were formed by partial cation exchange only at low concentrations (below 50 ppm) resulting in Ag5Te3 and HgTe within the same NW. However, at high concentrations (above 100 ppm), the HgTe phase alone was formed. These studies have been extended to other metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ whose reactivity towards Ag2Te NWs is different from that of Hg2+. These ions form a passivating Te oxide layer upon reaction with other metal ions. The mechanism of reactivity of Hg2+ is explained on the basis of free energy of formation of the ionic solid. Phase transition of Hg2+-reacted NWs occurs at a lower temperature than the parent (Ag2Te NWs) and other metal ions-reacted Ag2Te NWs. Details of the process were elucidated using microscopic and spectroscopic investigations. The physical and chemical properties of the individual components within a NW are expected to provide a novel functionality to the metal chalcogenide systems.     

改性膨润土对刚果红的吸附动力学及热力学研究

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性膨润土,利用红外光谱和XRD对其结构进行了表征,考察了投加量和pH值对吸附性能的影响.结果表明: CTAB能插入膨润土层间;当投加量为4 g/L,pH值为4时,去除率最高达97.15%.改性膨润土对刚果红的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,由吸附热力学方程计算得到的吸附焓变(ΔH)<0,吸附自由能变(ΔG)<0,吸附熵变(ΔS)<0,表明吸附为放热和熵减少的自发过程.     

In Vitro Bioactivity Behavior of some Borate Glasses and their Glass-Ceramic Derivatives Containing Zn2+, Ag+ or Cu2+ by Immersion in Phosphate Solution and their Anti-Microbial Activity

Silicon - Some soda lime borate glasses containing sele- cted Zn2+, Ag+ or Cu2+ ions or all of them were prepared together with their glass ceramic derivatives by thermal heat-treatment two step...     

不同变质程度超微煤粉对重金属离子的吸附性能

重金属离子由于具有毒性、难以生物降解且可在生物体内累积,严重威胁人类的身体健康。吸附是去除重金属离子的一种可行有效的方法。本文选择褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤3种变质程度不同的煤种,通过高能球磨获得超微煤粉。研究了3种超微煤粉对水溶液中Ni²⁺和Cr⁶⁺的吸附动力学与热力学以及投加量与pH值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明3种煤粉对Ni²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附量均随时间的增加而增加,并且Ni²⁺的处理效果明显好于Cr⁶⁺,在180min时褐煤、无烟煤与烟煤对Ni²⁺、Cr⁶⁺的吸附量分别为3.906mg/g、3.582mg/g、2.983mg/g和1.953mg/g、1.774mg/g、0.487mg/g。3种煤粉对两种重金属离子的吸附均符合二级吸附动力学和Freundlich等温式,随着投加量与pH值的增加,去除效果增加,在相同条件下,褐煤的吸附效果优于烟煤与无烟煤。     

国外渣油加氢技术研究进展

随着原油劣质化趋势的加剧及环保法规的日益严格,渣油加氢技术已成为炼厂提高轻油收率的关键技术。本文针对目前主要的渣油加氢技术,比较了固定床、沸腾床、悬浮床、移动床四大类型渣油加氢技术的优势和不足,重点分析了国外主要的渣油加氢技术的研究进展,探讨了未来的发展趋势。固定床加氢技术最成熟,在可预见的未来仍将占据渣油加氢的主导地位;沸腾床加氢技术日趋成熟,代表未来渣油加氢的发展方向;移动床加氢技术暂不作为渣油加氢的有效手段;悬浮床加氢技术尚未实现工业化应用,正在建设多套工业装置,具有良好的发展前景。渣油加氢技术与其他重油加工工艺进行优化集成,将会显著提高炼厂的经济效益。     

果胶/AMP-Zn微球的制备及对Cs 的吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以Zn2+为交联剂,将磷钼酸铵(AMP)通过静电注射装置包埋于果胶中,制备了果胶/AMP-Zn微球吸附剂,用于放射性废水中Cs~+的去除。系统探讨了不同pH、吸附剂质量、接触时间、Cs~+质量浓度、温度及共存离子对果胶/AMP-Zn去除Cs~+的影响,并利用SEM、FTIR和XPS分析了吸附机理。结果表明:果胶/AMP-Zn可在pH=3~11内使用,耐酸碱性能良好,且在25℃、pH=5、Cs~+质量浓度为120 mg/L、吸附剂质量为0.05 g、接触时间为330 min的条件下,吸附剂的吸附量为41.837 mg/g;共存离子K+、Na+、Li+、Ca2+和Mg2+对Cs~+的吸附影响不大,说明该吸附剂具有较好的吸附选择性;热力学和动力学研究结果表明:此吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,且是一个自发放热的过程。果胶/AMP-Zn吸附Cs~+的吸附机理可能是Cs~+与AMP上的NH4+发生离子交换作用。     

Synthesis of novel copper ion-selective material based on hierarchically imprinted cross-linked poly(acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

A novel hierarchically imprinted cross-linked poly(acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) using a double-imprinting approach for the Cu²⁺ selective separation from aqueous medium was prepared. In the imprinting process, both Cu²⁺ ions and surfactant micelles (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide – CTAB) were employed as templates. The hierarchically imprinted organic polymer named (IIP-CTAB), single-imprinted (IIP-no CTAB) and non-imprinted (NIP-CTAB and NIP-no CTAB) polymers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TG, elemental analysis and textural data from BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and BJH (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda). Compared to these materials, IIP-CTAB showed higher selectivity, specific surface area and adsorption capacity toward Cu²⁺ ions. Good selectivity for Cu²⁺ was obtained for the Cu²⁺/Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺/Co²⁺ systems when IIP-CTAB was compared to the single-imprinted (IIP-no CTAB) and non double-imprinted polymer (NIP-CTAB), thereby confirming the improvement in the polymer selectivity due to double-imprinting effect. For adsorption kinetic data, the best fit was provided with the pseudo-second-order model for the four materials, thereby indicating the chemical nature of the Cu²⁺ adsorption process. Cu²⁺ adsorption under equilibrium was found to follow dual-site Langmuir–Freundlich model isotherm, thus suggesting the existence of adsorption sites with low and high binding energy on the adsorbent surface. From column experiments 600 adsorption–desorption cycles using 1.8 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ as eluent confirmed the great recoverability of adsorbent. The synthesis approach here investigated has been found to be very attractive for the designing of organic ion imprinted polymer and can be expanded to the other polymers to improve performance of ion imprinted polymers in the field of solid phase extraction.     

磷钨酸铵-海藻酸钙复合吸附剂的制备及其铷吸附热力学及动力学

杂多酸盐无机离子吸附剂对于碱金属离子具有良好吸附性能,可望用于铷的分离提取。以海藻酸钙(CaALG)为载体,对铷有良好选择性的磷钨酸铵(AWP)为活性成分,采用溶胶凝胶法制备球形复合吸附剂AWP-CaALG并优化了物料配比、CaCl₂浓度、陈化时间及干燥温度等制备条件,通过SEM、XRD、IR分析对制备产物进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验,测得吸附剂对Rb⁺吸附容量达43 mg·g^-1。实验考察了溶液中铷初始浓度、吸附温度对吸附过程的影响,分别采用Langmuir等温吸附模型、Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行线性回归分析,结果表明吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型(R²>0.9962)。计算铷吸附过程焓变(ΔH)、熵变(ΔS)分别为-14.18 kJ·mol^-1和-0.0367 kJ·mol^-1·K^-1,不同温度下ΔG均为负值,说明该吸附过程可自发进行,低温利于吸附,升温利于解吸。吸附动力学结果表明该吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,且受化学反应控制。     

有机蒙脱土的制备表征及其对4-氯酚的吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为有机化试剂,利用溶液插层法,通过控制CTAB的投加量成功制备了不同有机化程度的蒙脱土,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)对其结构进行了表征.以去除率(R)和吸附量(q)为评价指标,探讨了田口-灰色关联分析方法多目标优化有机蒙脱土对水中4-氯酚的吸附反应条件的可行性.考察了吸附动力学和吸附热力学行为.结果表明,CTAB成功插入到蒙脱土的片层间,有机蒙脱土的层间距随着CTAB投加量的增加而增大,CTAB在蒙脱土片层间的排列方式也由平卧单层和倾斜单层转为倾斜双层.田口-灰色关联分析可知,在以2倍蒙脱土离子交换容量制备的有机蒙脱土为吸附剂(CTM4)、4-氯酚溶液pH值为6、浓度为150 mg·L-1、固液比为0.6 g·L-1和反应时间90 min的条件下,可实现4-氯酚的去除率和吸附容量的同时优化,此时去除率和吸附容量分别为36.85%和91.07 mg·g-1.CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附更符合拟二级动力学方程,整个吸附过程可能是由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同作用的结果.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程均能较好地描述CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附行为.吸附过程的热力学参数表明,CMT4对4-氯酚的吸附是一个自发的放热反应.     

活性炭对头孢氨苄吸附的热力学与动力学研究

从热力学和动力学角度研究了活性炭对水溶液中头孢氨苄的吸附行为。热力学研究表明:活性炭对头孢氨苄的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,ΔH25.24 kJ.mol-1,且40 kJ.mol-1,说明该吸附是一个物理吸附且过程中吸热。同时测得吉布斯自由能ΔG0,受温度影响不大,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发过程。动力学研究表明:该吸附过程比较符合伪二级动力学描述,其表观活化能Ea为21.75 kJ.mol-1。     

CoFe2O4-PPy@CS磁性纳米材料制备及吸附研究

用聚吡咯(PPy)和壳聚糖(CS)功能化CoFe2O4,制得CoFe2O4-PPy@CS磁性纳米复合材料。对所得材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并研究了不同环境参数对复合材料吸附Cu^2+、孔雀石绿(MG)和甲基蓝(MB)的影响。结果表明,复合材料吸附Cu^2+和MG(MB)的适宜pH分别为5~7、5~9;随着时间的延长,对Cu^2+、MG、MB的吸附量均逐渐增加,MB的吸附速率要明显快于Cu^2+和MG,并于120 min左右达到吸附平衡,而Cu^2+和MG则需要更长的平衡时间。对Cu^2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温线模型,对MG的吸附符合Freundlich等温线模型,且2种吸附等温线模型均能较好地拟合对MB的吸附过程,最大吸附量分别可达48.3、246.0、233.8 mg/g。三者的吸附动力学均遵循准2级动力学反应模型。     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Stipa tenacissima L (Alfa): Characteristics,kinetics and thermodynamic studies

This study aims to remove ionic Cr(IV) from aqueous solution using Stipa tenacissima L as a biomass source. The Arabic name for the plant Stipa tenacissima L is HALFA (ALFA) ; it belongs to the category of biosorbents agro-industrial origin. Stipa tenacissima L is from the center of the province of Djelfa Algeria. This biomass was characterized by various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In order to optimize the operating conditions for the determination of ions of Cr(VI), the initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions, temperature, pH of the solution and the solid/liquid ratio were individually studied. According to the results, a fix rate of about 90% was recorded. Optimum biosorption conditions were found to be pH ~1, C_o = 50 mg/L, R = 5 g/L and T = 296 K. It was found that biosorption of Cr(VI) ions onto biomass of Stipa tenacissima L was better suitable to Langmuir model. The correlation coefficients for the second-order kinetic model obtained were found to be 0.996 for all concentrations. These indicate that the biosorption system studied belongs to the second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamics parameters as enthalpy, entropy of system and free energy were evaluated, which confirms the feasibility of the process. An empirical modeling was performed by using a 2⁴ full factorial design, and the regression equation for adsorption chromium (VI) was determined from the data. The initial metal ion concentration has the most positive pronounced effect in increasing the chromium (VI) adsorption, whereas the pH and adsorbent dosage have the most negative effect on the process.     

Characterization of Ag(I), Co(II) and Cu(II) removal process from aqueous solutions using dolomite powder

Dolomite, a natural adsorbent, was used for removal of Ag(I), Cu(II) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption parameters including pH, temperature and contact time have been investigated to obtain adsorption mechanism. The results of experiments showed that adsorption of the metal ions increased by increasing pH values up to 5.5. The adsorption process was initially fast. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I), Cu(II) and Co(II) was 1.34, 1.63 and 2.84 mg/g at 20 oC, respectively. Kinetic models including Lagergren first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to test kinetic data. The results showed that pseudo-second-order has good agreement with experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters of the process were also investigated at different temperatures. The negative values of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes for Ag(I), Cu(II) and Co(II) indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.     

Ca2+ 印迹交联改性壳聚糖的制备及对Cd2+ 的吸附

采用Ca~(2+)印迹保护氨基、戊二醛交联、冻干法造孔、CS2化学改性,制得了Ca~(2+)印迹交联改性壳聚糖(CK)。并用FTIR、XRD和BET对吸附剂的结构进行了表征,通过静态吸附实验考察了其对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能及机理。结果表明:Ca~(2+)保护了氨基;戊二醛与壳聚糖(CS)发生了交联,改善了CS的酸溶性,pH=2时仍可使用;冻干法可使微孔比表面积增大至272.82 m2/g,孔体积增大至0.44 cm3/g;经CS2化学改性,成功引入了C=S基团,提高了CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,平衡吸附量可达49.43 mg/g,比CS的吸附量提高了57.7%。CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,反应速率常数可达25 g/(g·min);CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温式,n值可达4.45;Dubinin Radushkevich模型分析表明:CK吸附Cd~(2+)的平均吸附能为2 236 kJ/mol,是化学吸附;选择性识别实验结果表明:CK对Cd~(2+)具有选择吸附性,除Ca~(2+)外,相对选择性系数均大于3.54。