Protein-derived nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon for efficient adsorptive removal of heavy metals

A nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon has been synthesized employing egg white as a sustainable protein-rich precursor. According to CHNS elemental analysis, N, S and O heteroatoms accounted for mass fractions of 3.66%, 2.28% and 19.29% respectively, and the types of surface functionalities were further characterized by FT-IR and XPS measurements. Although the carbon possessed a smaller surface area (815 m²·g^-1) compared to a commercial activated carbon (1100 m²·g^-1), its adsorption capacity towards Co²⁺ reached 320.3 mg·g^-1, which was over 8 times higher compared to the limited 34.0 mg·g^-1 over the activate carbon. Furthermore, the carbon was found to be an efficient adsorbent towards a series of metal ions including VO²⁺, Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺. Combined with its environmental merits, the protein derived carbon may be a promising candidate for heavy metal pollution control.     

Decorating MXene with tiny ZIF-8 nanoparticles: An effective approach to construct composites for water pollutant removal

MXenes have attracted increasing research enthusiasm owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Although MXenes exhibit exciting potential in cations adsorption due to their unique surface groups, the adsorption capacity is limited by the low specific surface area and undeveloped porosity. Our work aims at enhancing the adsorption performance of a well-known MXene, Ti₃C₂T_x, for methylene blue (MB) by decorating tiny ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the interlayer. After the incorporation of ZIF-8, suitable interspace in the layers resulting from the distribution of tiny ZIF-8 appears. When employing in MB, the adsorption capacity of composites can reach up to 107 mg·g^-1 while both ZIF-8 (3 mg·g^-1) and Ti₃C₂T_x (9 mg·g^-1) show nearly no adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was explored, and the good adsorption capacity is caused by the synergistic effect of ZIF-8 and Ti₃C₂T_x, for neither of them is of suitable interspace or surface groups for MB adsorption. Our work might pave the way for constructing functional materials based on the introduction of nanoparticles into layered materials for various adsorption applications.     

Adsorption of urea,creatinine, and uric acid from three solution types using spherical activated carbon and its recyclability

In this paper, we propose that the urinary toxins from the wastewater be adsorbed on an adsorbent such as spherical activated carbon and the latter be regenerated by subjecting it to high temperatures to recycle activated carbon and also to recycle the water used in dialysis. We studied the adsorption of artificial waste dialysate, which is a mixed solution of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, and the separate solutions for each of these and found that their extents of adsorption onto the spherical activated carbon material were nearly identical. The amount of adsorption was approximately 1.4 mg·g^-1 for urea, 18 mg·g^-1 for creatinine, and 20 mg·g^-1 for uric acid. The urea, creatinine, and uric acid adsorbed onto the spherical activated carbon decomposed on heat treatment at 500℃, and the adsorption capacity of the spherical activated carbon was regenerated. Our study successfully demonstrated that the spherical activated carbon can be recycled in the waste dialysate treatment process.     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.     

Removal of Cd（II） by Nanometer AIO（OH） Loaded on Fiberglass with Activated Carbon Fiber Felt as Carrier

A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution using column adsorption experiment. As was confirmed by XRD determination, the hydrolysis production loaded on fiberglass was similar to the orthorhombic phase AlO（OH）. SEM images showed that AlO（OH） particles were in the form of small aggregated clusters. The Thomas model was applied for estimating the kinetic parameters and the saturated adsorption ability of Cd（II） adsorption on the new adsorbent. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd（II） was 128.50 mg·g^-1 and 117.86 mg·g^-1 for the adsorbent mass of 0.3289 g and the adsorbent mass of 0.2867 g, respectively. The elution experiment result indicated that the adsorbed Cd ions was easily desorbed from the material with 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repealed uses of the composited material. The adsorption capacities were influenced by pH and the initial Cd（II） concentration. The amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 6.5 and the initial Cd（II） concentration of 0.07 mg·L^-1, respectively. Nanometer AlO（OH） played a major role in the adsorption process, whereas the fiberglass and ACF were assistants in the process of removing Cd（II）. In addition, the adsorption capacities for Cd（II） were obviously reduced from 128.50 mg·L^-1 to 64.28 mg·L^-1 when Pb ions were present because Pb ions took up more adsorption sites.     

Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent

Herein, we develop cost-efficient superhigh-performance of engineering carbonaceous adsorbent from cigarette butts using combined wet-impregnated and re-dispersed method of KOH, which optimizes the implant approach of activator, breaking the restriction of selective capture of toluene using traditional activated carbon. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of targeted adsorbent can attain 3088 m²·g^-1 and 1.61 cm³·g^-1, respectively, by optimizing the temperature-dependent synthetic factor effect of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of resultant adsorbent for presenting volatile benzene and toluene shows a positive correlation with increasing carbonization temperature of carbon precursor. Besides, we demonstrated the unsmoked and smoked butts derived adsorbents afford feeble difference in saturated adsorbed capacity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The highest adsorption capacity of sample CF-800 for benzene and toluene in CF group is as high as 1268.1 and 1181.6 mg·g^-1 respectively, slightly higher than that of sample UF-800, but far outperforming reported other adsorbents. The predicted adsorption selectivity of CF-800 and UF-800 for C₇H₈/H₂O (g) using the DIH (difference of isosteric heats) equation reach up to ca. 3800 and 7500 respectively, indicating the weak adsorbability of water vapor on the developed adsorbent and greater superiority of the smoked butts derived adsorbents in selective capture of VOCs at low relative humidity in the competitive adsorption process for practical mixed VOCs.     

Spray-drying assisted layer-structured H2TiO3 ion sieve synthesis and lithium adsorption performance

A spray-drying assisted solid-state method to prepare spherical layer-structured H₂TiO₃ ion sieve (LSTIS) particles is reported herein. The effects of synthesis parameters (calcination temperature, calcination time, and the lithium-titanium molar ratio) on adsorption–desorption performance (the delithiation ratio, titanium dissolution loss, and the adsorption capacity) were investigated. The as-prepared LSTIS exhibited an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 30.08 mg·g^-1 (average of 25.85 mg·g^-1 over 5 cycles) and ultra-low titanium dissolution loss of less than 0.12% (average of 0.086% over 5 cycles). The LSTIS showed excellent selectivity toward Li⁺ in Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ coexisting saline solutions where its adsorption capacity reached 27.45 mg·g^-1 and the separation factors of Li⁺ over the coexisting cations exceeded 100. The data suggests that the LSTIS is promising to competitively enrich Li⁺ from saline solutions.     

A high-performance biochar produced from bamboo pyrolysis with in-situ nitrogen doping and activation for adsorption of phenol and methylene blue

Nitrogen doping is a promising method for the preparation of functional carbon materials. In this study, a nitrogen-doped porous coral biochar was prepared by using bamboo as raw material, urea as nitrogen source, and KHCO³ as green activator through in-situ pyrolysis. The structure of the obtained biochar was characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and etc. The adsorption properties of nitrogen-doped biochar were evaluated with phenol and methylene blue probes. The results showed that the nitrogen source ratio had a significant effect on the evolution of pore structure of biochar. Low urea addition ratio was beneficial to the development of pore structures. The optimum specific surface area of nitrogen-doped biochar could be up to 1693 m²·g^-1. Nitrogen doping can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar to phenol and methylene blue. Biochar prepared at 973.15 K with low urea addition ratio exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for phenol and methylene blue, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 169.0 mg·g^-1 and 499.3 mg·g^-1, respectively. By comparing the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents in related fields, it is proved that the nitrogen-doped biochar prepared in this study has a good adsorption effect.     

Adsorption of congo red on mesoporous activated carbon prepared by CO2 physical activation

This research demonstrates the production of mesoporous activated carbon from sargassum fusiforme via physical activation with carbon dioxide. Central composite design was applied to conduct the experiments at different levels by altering three operating parameters. Activation temperature(766–934 ℃), CO_2 flow rate(0.8–2.8 L·min(~-1)) and activation time(5–55 min) were the variables examined in this study. The effect of parameters on the specific surface area, total pore volume and burn-out rate of activated carbon was studied,and the influential parameters of methylene blue adsorption value were identified employing analysis of variance. The optimum conditions for maximum methylene blue adsorption value were: activation temperature = 900 ℃, activation time = 29.05 min and CO_2 flow rate = 1.8 L·min(~-1). The activated carbon produced under optimum conditions was characterized by BET, FTIR and SEM. The adsorption behavior on congo red was studied. The effect of parameters on the adsorbent dosage, temperature, PH and initial congo red concentration was investigated. The adsorption properties of the activated carbon were investigated by kinetics. The equilibrium removal rate and maximum adsorption capacity reaches up to 94.72%, 234 mg·g-1,respectively when initial congo red concentration is 200 mg·L~(-1) under adsorbent dosage(0.8 g · L~(-1)),temperature(30℃), PH7.     

Synthesis of activated carbons from black sapote seeds,characterization and application in the elimination of heavy metals and textile dyes

Many different techniques may be used to remove industrial pollutants from wastewater. Adsorption using activated carbon has been reported to be an effective method. This work proposes the use of a vegetable residue (black sapote seeds) as a raw material for its synthesis. These carbons were chemically activated using phosphoric acid and carbonized at 673 and 873 K. Adsorption isotherms were constructed for the textile dyes on the carbons, and this data was treated using Langmuir's equation to quantitatively describe the adsorption process. The synthesized carbons were characterized using FTIR, EA, SEM, Nitrogen adsorption (specific surface areas of 879 and 652 m²·g^-1), and their points of zero charge (2.1 and 2.3). It was possible to adsorb both heavy metals and textile dyes present in aqueous solutions and wastewaters using these activated carbons. Heavy metals were adsorbed almost completely by both carbons. Cationic dyes where adsorbed (58-59.8 mg·g^-1) in greater amounts compared to anionic dyes (10-58.8 mg·g^-1). The amount of anionic dyes adsorbed increased almost 30% by changing the pH of the solutions. One of the carbons was thermally regenerated on three occasions without losing its adsorption capacity and it was proved in a flow system.     

用椰壳制活性炭吸附去除三价铋离子(英文)

In present study,we report the preparation of coconut shell activated carbon as adsorbent and its appli-cation for Bi(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solutions.The developed adsorbent was characterized with scanning elec-tron microscope(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),C,H,N,S analyzer,and BET surface area analyzer.The parameters examined include agitation time,initial concentration of Bi(Ⅲ),adsorbent dose and temperature.The maximum adsorption of Bi(Ⅲ)(98.72%) was observed at 250 mg·L-1 of Bi(Ⅲ) and adsorbent dose of 0.7 g when agitation was at 160 r·min-1 for 240 min at(299±2) K.The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy(△Gθ),enthalpy(△Hθ) and entropy(△Sθ) were evaluated.For the isotherm models applied to adsorption study,the Langmuir isotherm model fits better than the Freundlich isotherm.The maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm was 54.35 mg?g?1 of Bi(Ⅲ).The kinetic study of the adsorption shows that the pseudo second order model is more appropriate than the pseudo first order model.The result shows that,coconut shell ac-tivated carbon is an effective adsorbent to remove Bi(Ⅲ) from aqueous solutions with good adsorption capacity.     

Conversion of Malaysian low-rank coal to mesoporous activated carbon: Structure characterization and adsorption properties

Malaysian Selantik low-rank coal (SC) was used as a precursor to prepare a form of mesoporous activated carbon (SC-AC) with greater surface area (SA) via a microwave induced KOH-activation method. The characteristics of the SC and SC-AC were evaluated by the iodine number, ash content, bulk density, and moisture content. The structure and surface characterization was carried out using pore structure analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis (CHNS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and determination of the point of zero charge (pH_PZC). These results signify a mesoporous structure of SC-AC with an increase of ca. 1160 times (BET SA=1094.3 m²·g^-1) as compared with raw SC without activation (BET SA=1.23 m²·g^-1). The adsorptive properties of the SC-AC with methylene blue (MB) was carried out at variable adsorbent dose (0.2-1.6 g·L^-1), solution pH (2-12), initial MB concentrations (25-400 mg·L^-1), and contact time (0-290 min) using batch mode operation. The kinetic profiles follow pseudo-second order kinetics and the equilibrium uptake of MB conforms to the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 491.7 mg·g^-1 at 303 K. Thermodynamic functions revealed a spontaneous endothermic adsorption process. The mechanism of adsorption included mainly electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding interaction, and π-π stacking interaction. This work shows that Malaysian Selantik low-rank coal is a promising precursor for the production of low-cost and efficient mesoporous activated carbon with substantive surface area.     

Activated carbon-hybridized and amine-modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers toward ultrahigh and recyclable metal ion and dye adsorption from wastewater

Nanofibers with high specific surface area and chemical stability have broad prospects in the applications of adsorption. However, the adsorption capacity is limited by the scarcity of adsorption groups and storage space. Herein, the activated carbon-hybridized and amine-modified nanofibers are prepared by integrating activated carbon (AC) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via electrospinning method and the subsequent amination, which could provide additional storage space and adsorption groups for ultrahigh adsorption capability. Thus, the obtained amine-rich porous PAN nanofibers (APAN/AC) readily realized the ultrahigh adsorption capacity for metal ions and dyes in wastewater. Specifically, the adsorption capacity of APAN/AC nanofibers were 284 mg·g⁻¹ for Cr(VI) and 248 mg·g⁻¹ for methyl orange, which were almost 2 and 4 times than that of amine-modified nanofibers (APAN) and carbon-hybridized nanofibers (PAN/AC), respectively. Moreover, the AC inhibited the chain mobility of polymer matrix and thereby endowing APAN/AC nanofibers with excellent recyclability. The adsorption capability retained 80% after nine adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption kinetics and corresponding mechanism were further explored. This strategy combines the advantages of polymer nanofibers and AC, opening a new avenue for developing next-generation absorbent materials.     

累托石吸附分离水中金霉素(英文)

The removal of antibiotics from water by clay minerals has become the focus of research due to their strong adsorptive ability. In this study, adsorption of chlortetracycline (CTC) onto rectories was conducted and the effects of time, concentration, temperature and pH were investigated. Experimental results showed that adsorption equilibrium was reached in 8 h. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CTC on rectories was 177.7 mg·g 1 at room temperature. By the study on adsorption dynamics, it is found that the kinetic date fit the pseudo-second-order model well. The adsorption of CTC by rectories is endothermic and the free energy is in the range of 10 to 30 kJ·mol 1 . The pH value of solution has significant effects on adsorption and the optimal pH is at acidity (pH 2-6). At concentration of 2500 mg·L 1 , the intercalated CTC produces an interlayer space with a height of 1.38 nm, which is 1.12 nm in raw rectories, suggesting that the adsorption occurs between layers of rectories.     

Multivariate optimization of high removal of lead(Ⅱ) using an efficient synthesized Ni-based metal–organic framework adsorbent

A new metal-organic framework(MOF) with the chemical formula of [Ni_2 F_2(4,4'-Bipy)_2(H_2 O)_2](VO_3)_2·8 H_2 O was introduced to adsorb Pb(Ⅱ) with the highest capacity.The sorbent was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),energy-dispersive Xray(EDX),and elemental analysis.The optimum conditions were obtained by a face-centered central composite design(FCCD) as follows:adsorbent dosage(m)=1.2 mg, initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ)(C)=390 mg·L~(-1),and pH=5.According to the Langmuir model(R~2=0.9999),the maximum monolayer uptake capacity of lead(Ⅱ) is 2400.7 mg·g~(-1),which is the highe st observed amount for lead(Ⅱ) adsorption.Neither of the old adsorbents for lead(Ⅱ)has the uptake capacity over 2000 mg·g~(-1).The model of pseudo-second-order describes well the process kinetics.The adsorption process of lead(Ⅱ) is independent of temperature changes.This compound can adsorb lead(Ⅱ) from tap water.In addition to introducing a new MOF with the highest uptake capacity for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) that is the outright novelty of this study,the concurrent modeling of both the removal percent(R) and the uptake capacity(q) is another important advantage.Because it achieves the more economical and favorable optimum conditions in comparison with the single optimization of each response.     

Platanus orientalis leaves based hierarchical porous carbon microspheres as high efficiency adsorbents for organic dyes removal

Water contamination caused by hazardous organic dyes has drawn considerable attention, among all of the techniques released, adsorption has been widely used, which however to a large degree is dependent on the development of high efficiency adsorbents. Waste biomass based porous carbon is becoming the new star class of adsorbents, and thus contribute more to the sustainable development of the society. In this work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, abundant waste fallen Platanus orientalis leaves are employed as the raw material for hierarchical activated porous carbon(APC) microspheres via a mild hydrothermal carbonization(210 °C,12.0 h) followed by one-step calcination(750 °C, 1.0 h). The APC microspheres exhibit a specific surface area of1355.53 m~2·g~(-1) and abundant functional groups such as O—H and C=O. Furthermore, the APC microspheres are used as the adsorbents for removal of Rh B and MO, with the maximum adsorption capabilities of 557.06 mg·g~(-1) and 327.49 mg·g~(-1), respectively, higher than those of the most porous carbon originated from biomass. The adsorption rates rapidly approach to 98.2%(Rh B) and 95.4%(MO) within 10 min. The adsorption data can be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, meanwhile the intra-particle diffusion and Boyd models simultaneously indicate that the diffusion within the pores is the main rate-limiting step. Besides, the APC microspheres also demonstrate good recyclability, and may also be applied to other areas such as heterogeneous catalysis and energy storage.     

High adsorption of Cd (II) by modification of synthetic zeolites Y,A and mordenite with thiourea

Zeolites Y, A and mordenite (ZY, ZA and ZM) were obtained from diatomite in a template-free system, and the products were modified by thiourea (TU). Characterization studies results indicated that the TU molecules were loaded onto the exterior surfaces of the synthetic zeolites as well as the channels. Elemental analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer proved that the TU molecules loaded on to ZA were more than ZY and ZM. Removal of Cd(II) was investigated, and it was found that the modified zeolites have higher removal capacity, modified ZA is especially noticeable. In the adsorption experiments, the effects of various parameters such as sorbent content, contact time, concentration of cadmium solution, pH, selectivity and regeneration were discussed. At the best removal efficiency by modified zeolites, the maximum adsorption capacity is 94.3 mg·g^-1, 103.2 mg·g^-1 and 89.7 mg·g^-1 at 25℃, respectively. The sorbents show good efficiency for the removal of Cd(II) in the presence of different multivalent cations and have good regeneration effect. For the modified samples, removal experiments take place via ion exchange and complexation processes.     

Adsorption equilibria of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on cyano-silica column from supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol

Adsorption equilibria of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on a cyano-silica column(CN column) from the solution of supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO_2) modified with ethanol were studied. The adsorption capacity at 308.15 K,313.15 K, 318.15 K and 323.15 K under pressures corresponding to carbon dioxide/ethanol densities from0.347 g·cm~(-3) to 0.662 g·cm~(-3) were determined using the elution by characteristic point method(ECP). The effects of temperature and pressure on the solute loading were investigated. The results showed that the lower the temperature, the higher the adsorption capacity. With the decrease of density of scCO2, the adsorption capacity strengthens. The maximum adsorption capacity of paeoniflorin(albiflorin) on the CN column was15.24 mg·ml~(-1)(31.14 mg·ml~(-1)) in the range of 0–1.84 mg·ml~(-1)(0–1.67 mg·ml~(-1)) of paeoniflorin(albiflorin)standard solution. The adsorption capacity of albiflorin was twice as much as that of paeoniflorin under the same conditions. Adsorption data of paeoniflorin and albiflorin could be well described by the Langmuir model and Freundlich model. Compared with the two model fitting results, the adsorption of paeoniflorin and albiflorin belonged to the monolayer adsorption under conditions of 308.15–323.15 K and 10–17 MPa.     

Egg shell waste as an activation agent for the manufacture of porous carbon

Egg shell waste was used as an activation agent directly for the manufacture of a biomass-derived porous carbon,which possessed a surface area of 626 m~2·g~(-1) and was rich in nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen functionalities. The activation mechanism was proposed, and the carbon showed its potential to act as an adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of various contaminants from both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, possessing maximum adsorption capacities of 195.9, 185.1, 125.5 and 44.6 mg·g~(-1) for sulfamethoxazole, methyl orange, diclofenac sodium and dibenzothiophene, respectively. Through the utilization of egg shell waste as a sustainable activation agent, this work may help to make the widely applied biomass-derived porous carbons more economical and ecological.     

Spongy acetylenic carbon material prepared by ball milling CaC2 and chlorinated rubber — Its mercury adsorption and electrochemical property

Design and preparation of novel advanced carbon materials with unique architecture and functional groups is of great significance. Herein, a spongy acetylenic carbon material (SACM) was prepared through mechanochemical reaction of CaC₂ and chlorinated rubber in a planetary ball mill at ambient temperature. Its composition and structure were characterized, and its electrochemical properties and adsorption performance for Hg²⁺ were studied. The SACM is composed of submicron spongy aggregates with high carbon content (81.8%) and specific area (503.9 m²·g^-1), rich porosity and acetylenic groups. The SACM exhibits excellent adsorption for Hg²⁺ with saturated adsorption amount being 157.1 mg·g^-1, which is superior to conventional carbon materials. Further, it exhibits good electrochemical performance with low equivalent series resistance (0.50 Ω), excellent cycling stability and ideal double layer capacitive behavior. This paper provides a novel and universal synthesis method of spongy carbon materials, and better results can be expected through tuning the pore structure, graphitization degree, and heteroatoms of the target carbon materials.