高效液相色谱（HPLC）在火灾原因鉴定中的应用

介绍了利用高效液相色谱鉴定汽油、煤油、柴油等石油系列为基质的常见助燃剂的分析方法。模拟火灾现场制备上述助燃剂的新鲜、挥发、过火、燃烧烟尘以及常见干扰物燃烧样品，并对其进行了分析研究。     

高效液相色谱在火灾调查中的应用

介绍了高效液相色谱的分类及分离机理,并对高效液相色谱在放火火灾、爆炸火灾、自燃火灾物证分析中的应用作了初步探讨。     

贝叶斯网络在火灾调查中的应用

介绍了贝叶斯网络的基础理论。将贝叶斯网络引用到火灾调查领域,以助燃剂纵火案的火灾调查分析案例为例,分析了纵火案件中的原因事件和结果事件以及各个因素之间的相互影响关系,根据火灾发生过程建立了贝叶斯网络模型。同时通过贝叶斯算法对火灾调查贝叶斯网络的计算方法进行了研究分析。分析了贝叶斯结构图中涉及到的火灾发生因素概率值的数据来源。     

高效液相色谱常用检测器在中药多糖成分分析中的应用概况

查阅文献,对近年来利用高效液相色谱技术分析中药多糖成分的研究进展进行综述,旨在帮助建立真正可靠的中药质量监控标准和监控方法,更好地继承和发展传统中药。     

高效液相色谱法测定PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定大气细微颗粒(PM2.5)中16种常见多环芳烃(PAHs)的最佳分离测定条件。方法空气中多环芳烃经滤膜收集,超声提取,乙腈和水为流动相,高效液相色谱梯度淋洗分离,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果 16种多环芳烃化合物在35 min内得到了很好的分离,在0.10~5.00μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,测定的相对标准偏差为1.29%~5.08%,加标回收率为81.44%~98.02%。结论该方法测定空气中多环芳烃化合物快速简便、灵敏、重现性好。     

毛细管色谱在放火案件鉴定中的应用

本文介绍了毛细管色谱在火灾原因鉴定中关于检测易燃液体的应用,包括毛细管色谱条件的选择、不同标号汽油的研究、汽油燃烧特性的研究等内容,为火灾原因鉴定和各地公安消防机关确定火灾性质提供技术支持。     

金相鉴定技术在火灾调查中的应用

通过对郑州市海联商场“11.22”火灾事故原因的调查,在起火部位提取多个电饭锅残留物,在电源线上均未发现有熔化痕迹的情况下,不能应用通常的技术鉴定方法来确定电饭锅是否火前带电.本文采用新方法对两个电饭锅外壳的内外壁（铁质）不同部位取样,利用金相分析等方法判断电饭锅的受温程度,从而确定了作为着火源的电饭锅,同时分析鉴定结果进一步确认了火灾现场勘查的初步结论,为最终认定此起火灾原因提供了强有力的技术支持.     

火灾物证技术鉴定在火灾原因认定中的作用

指出了当前火灾原因调查中对火灾物证技术鉴定的一些错误认识和做法,论述了正确认识和使用火灾物证鉴定结论的要点和体会.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定残留丙烯酰胺

目的建立快速测定聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂中丙烯酰胺单体的方法。方法样品中加入同位素内标,经甲醇超声提取,0.2μm滤膜过滤后,选择ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3(1.8μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)为分析柱,甲醇和水为流动相,采用正离子扫描反应监测模式检测丙烯酰胺的含量。结果聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂中丙烯酰胺单体在0~1 000 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.0000,检出限为0.09μg/g,检测限为0.31μg/g,平均回收率>98.5%,精密度RSD<5.0%。结论该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,选择性好,准确度高,适用于聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂中丙烯酰胺单体的测定。     

高效液相色谱测定水中痕量亚硝基二甲胺

采用反相高效液相色谱法，以甲醇：水=5：95（体积比）为流动相，用C18柱和紫外检测器对亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）进行了分离和测定。结果表明：选择固定波长为228nm，流动相流量为1．0mL／min，测定NDMA线性范围为0．5—20．0ug/L时，标准偏差为0．07—0．076ug/L，相对标准偏差≤12．9％，水样加标回收率为85．9％-109％，方法检出限为5．2—5．6ng／L；该方法具有较好的线性关系、精密度和准确度，可用于快速分析饮用水中的消毒副产物亚硝基二甲胺。     

火灾危险源辨识在性能化防火设计中的应用

危险源辨识是性能化防火设计中所有量化分析的基础,也是性能化防火设计的重要环节.通过设定火灾场景、计算热释放速率和危险度分析,对某超市进行火灾危险源辨识,从而为消防性能化设计工作的开展提供了依据.     

火灾原因和责任认定纳入司法审查后的应对措施

分析了火灾原因和火灾事故责任认定纳入司法审查后，给公安消防机构带来的问题，并提出解决这些问题的方法，强调了证据的提取程序和火场勘查笔录的制作程序。     

物联网用于消防监督检查中的对策

消防监督检查作为消防队伍在火灾防范工作中的重点项目,其可及时对隐藏在社会公共空间内部的消防安全威胁、隐患实现精准捕捉,大幅提高火灾事故的防控与预警工作质量。在我国社会发展新态势下,消防队伍将前沿性物联网技术有机结合于消防领域,可对监督检查业务及作业成效完成优化、升级,跨越增强消防工作落实的综合实效性。鉴于此,文章简要概述了物联网技术,并着重阐述了物联网用于消防监督检查工作中的必要性与可行性对策。旨在为消防领域提供监督检查任务执行新思路,维护社会秩序的稳定、有序性,促进我国消防事业长远、健康发展。     

Source apportionment of PAHs in sediments using factor analysis by time records: application to Lake Michigan, USA

Apportionment of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a factor analysis model based on time records for seven sediment cores from central Lake Michigan is reconsidered to provide a more quantitative treatment, and one additional factor (source). The effect of mixing depth was observed on the unmixed fluxes, and a computer program was developed for estimation of the average PAH fluxes from the reconstructed PAH records. The new factor analysis model with nonnegative constraints includes not only scaling but also back scaling which improved the source apportionment significantly. One core, CLM-A, was an outlier and was omitted from the analysis. Wood burning was identified as a third major source of PAHs in the area (20% of the total PAH flux). The other two sources petroleum (traffic), 45%, and coal (coke oven emissions), 35%, became more apparent, where the contributions are based on the sum of concentrations of 16 PAH compounds. A reduced mixing depth (1.0-1.5cm) was found to be more appropriate than the originally estimated mixing depth (1.5-2.0cm).     

FRP加强R/C梁防火性能调查研究

对纤维加强聚合物(FRP)材料加强钢筋混凝土梁在火灾中的防火性能进行了研究。试验结果显示,防火材料能够帮助构件达到标准防火性能,同时对不断增长的FRP应用也很重要。介绍了不同文献对FRP在高温下的性能所做的研究以及目前标准对建筑构件的耐火极限要求。对两个大型试验进行了介绍。试验材料为混凝土梁构件,外部用FRP板加强,并且三分之二用专利耐火隔热材料保护。给出了试验结果,并重点强调了曝火状态下所测得的构件温度。试验数据验证了热传导数值模型,该模型可用于预测加强并绝缘钢筋混凝土梁构件内的温度。试验结果和模型数据显示,正确设计和进行绝缘保护的FRP加强梁构件耐火极限能够达到4h或者以上。     

Studying associations between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiovascular diseases in the United States

The association between background, enduring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiovascular diseases has not been well studied in the general population. In this study, we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2004 to investigate the associations between eight monohydroxy PAHs (OH-PAHs) and self-report CVD. In a logistic regression model adjusting for cigarette smoking and other covariates, phenanthrene metabolite, 2-hydroxyphennathrene (2-PHEN), was significantly associated with self-report CVD. Compared to subjects within the lowest tertile of 2-PHEN, subjects within the middle and highest tertiles had higher self-report CVD (the 2nd tertile: AOR = 1.29, 95%CI: 0.97-1.72; the 3rd tertile: AOR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.01-2.07; p for trend = 0.04). In addition, fluorene metabolite (i.e. 2-hydroxyfluorene) also showed a marginally significant linear trend with self-report CVD (p for trend = 0.07). Further studies are necessary to explore the associations between these highly prevalent pollutants and CVD.     

浅谈高压细水雾灭火系统在档案馆等重要场所的应用推广

本文结合高压细水雾灭火系统在福建省档案馆新馆工程的的应用实例,通过与气体灭火系统、超细干粉灭火系统的经济效益、安全性、灭火系统特征等方面进行比较分析,阐述高压细水雾灭火系统在档案馆等对资料、设备保护要求较高场所应用推广的必要性。     

Measurement and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aerosol in Xi'an, China, by using automated column chromatography and applying positive matrix factorization (PMF)

In this study, we measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols in Xi'an, China from 2005 to 2007, by using a modified Soxhlet extraction followed by a clean-up procedure using automated column chromatography followed by HPLC/fluorescence detection. The sources of PAHs were apportioned by using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. The PM₁₀ concentration in winter (161.1 ± 66.4 μg m^− 3, n = 242) was 1.5 times higher than that in summer (110.9 ± 34.7 μg m^− 3, n = 248). ΣPAH concentrations, which are the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, in winter (344.2 ± 149.7 ng m^− 3, n = 45) was 2.5 times higher than that in summer (136.7 ± 56.7 ng m^− 3, n = 24) in this study. These strong seasonal variations in atmospheric PAH concentration are possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating. According to the source apportionment with PMF method in this study, the major sources of PAHs in Xi'an are categorized as (1) mobile sources such as vehicle exhaust that constantly contribute to PAH pollution, and (2) stationary sources such as coal combustion that have a large contribution to PAH pollution in winter.     

Effects of genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in sugarcane workers

Sugarcane workers in Brazil are exposed to various genotoxic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derived from an incomplete combustion process of burnt sugarcane fields. The effects of the occupational exposure to sugarcane fields burning were measured in urine samples of sugarcane workers from the northwest of the State of S?o Paulo when exposed (harvesting) and when non-exposed (non-harvesting). The urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and the influence of the genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were evaluated. Our results showed that the 1-OHP levels were significantly higher (P<0.0000) in the exposed sugarcane workers (0.318 mumol mol(-1) creatinine) than in the non-exposed workers (0.035 mumol mol(-1) creatinine). In an unvaried analysis, no influence regarding the polymorphisms was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that the CYP1A1()4 polymorphism in the exposed group, and age and the GSTP1 polymorphism in the non-exposed group significantly influenced urinary 1-OHP excretion levels (P<0.10). The same group of sugarcane workers was significantly more exposed to PAHs during the harvesting period than during the non-harvesting period.     

聚丙烯纤维高性能混凝土的抗塑性沉降开裂性能分析

聚丙烯纤维与微膨胀剂作为抗裂功能材料具有不同的抗裂机理,而二者的复合使用可产生叠加效应,提高混凝土早期抗拉强度,减小早期收缩,抵抗塑性沉降,对解决薄壁垂直结构混凝土的抗裂难题是全新的突破。