Shear slotted bolted connection

Slotted bolted connections (SBCs) have been developed and used as an axial friction damper in braced frames since 1980s. To employ the benefits of SBCs in moment resisting frames (MRFs), rotational slotted bolted connections have been developed more recently with limited application in members that flexural behavior is dominated to shear. In this paper, shear slotted bolted connection (SSBC) is introduced as a new type of friction dampers to employ the benefits of SBCs in lateral load resisting systems with predominant shear behavior members that dissipate energy by traditional yielding mechanisms. The SSBC is a modified bolted connection that dissipates energy through friction in which friction is activated by shear force. The applications of the proposed system as a shear link in link beams of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), in the beams of MRFs, and coupling beams of coupled concrete shear walls are introduced. To show the efficiency of SSBC, an existing EBF with tubular link beam is equipped with SSBC, and its behavior is studied via models created in general purpose finite element program ABAQUS (SIMULIA, The Dassault Systèmes, Realistic Simulation, RI, USA) verified thoroughly against relevant test results. Also, three MRFs with different beam lengths are modified using SSBC, and their monotonic and cyclic behavior are investigated using validated finite element models. The results show that, as expected, SSBC is capable of working as a mechanical shear fuse dissipating energy effectively in both MRFs and EBFs without any material yielding.     

循环荷载作用下不锈钢T形件螺栓连接滞回性能试验研究

为研究不锈钢T形件螺栓连接的滞回性能,分别参照JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》和FEMA 461设计了两种不同的循环加载制度,开展16个不锈钢(奥氏体型S30408、双相型S22253)T形件和4个普通钢(Q345B)T形件螺栓连接试件的低周循环加载试验,获得了T形件的滞回曲线和破坏形态,得到了T形件在循环荷载作用下的循环硬化、强度退化特性和耗能能力。研究结果表明：不锈钢T形件的滞回性能明显优于普通钢T形件的,前者耗能平均为后者的2.07倍;循环荷载作用下T形件的破坏形态主要包括螺栓断裂和翼缘板靠近焊趾处断裂两类,与T形件的单调加载破坏模式和加载制度有关;两种牌号不锈钢T形件在循环荷载作用下均表现出较为明显的循环硬化特性,试验后期则由于裂纹的萌生和发展呈现出强度退化;相对于FEMA 461的加载制度,采用JGJ/T 101—2015的循环加载制度得到的T形件的加载圈数和总耗能能力均较大。     

Design theory and numerical analysis of earthquake-resilient joint with slotted bolted connection

Bolted connections are preferred in prefabricated steel structures with the advantages of quality control and convenient construction. An innovative type of earthquake-resilient joint with slotted bolted connection (ERJ-SBC) is proposed to achieve damage control and improve the ductile behavior of steel structures. The bending moment is assumed to be mainly transferred by the flange segments of SBC while the shear force is carried by the web segments. The energy dissipation capacity of ERJ-SBC is provided by the initial frictional sliding and inelastic axial deformation of SBC under larger displacement. Design theory is proposed to ensure that inelastic deformation is concentrated in SBC while other structural members remain elastic. The influences of the length of slotted holes, bolt pretension, friction coefficient, and the thickness and width of the sliding plate are investigated through the numerical analysis of 44 FE examples. The calculation of the critical length of slotted holes for the ductile rotation behavior of ERJ-SBC is derived and verified. Results demonstrate that the mechanism of bolted connection shifts from friction resistance to bearing resistance when bolts collide with slotted holes, and the friction slippage behavior with slotted holes benefits the hysteresis behavior, deformation capacity, and rotation behavior. The proposed calculation methods for the mechanical behavior of ERJ-SBC could achieve good accuracy with simulation results. A reasonably well-designed ERJ-SBC could have good bearing capacity and rotation behavior, and it could also achieve damage control.     

#br#胶合木梁柱螺栓节点变异性分析

胶合木梁柱螺栓节点通常会受到木材材性和制造公差的影响,而表现出显著的变异性。为揭示节点变异性的关键影响因素并建立节点初始刚度和抗弯承载力预测模型,开展了节点变异性分析。采用已有试验结果验证确定性有限元模型的精度。考虑木材材性和螺孔间隙的随机分布规律,采用有限元方法计算胶合木梁柱螺栓连接节点初始刚度和抗弯承载力。根据统计方差分析结果确定节点初始刚度和抗弯承载力的关键影响因素。通过多项式回归拟合方法建立节点初始刚度和抗弯承载力的响应面方程。方差分析结果表明,销轴承压区顺纹和横纹方向弹性模量对于节点初始刚度的方差具有显著的影响,而螺孔间隙对于节点初始刚度也具有一定的影响;木材横纹抗拉强度和顺纹抗剪强度对于节点抗弯承载力的方差具有显著的影响,而螺孔间隙也会在一定程度上影响节点的抗弯承载力。针对随机生成的样本的计算结果表明,响应面方程能够准确预测节点的初始刚度和抗弯承载力。     

State-of-the-art on resistance of bearing-type bolted connections in high strength steel

With the recent development of material science, high strength steel (HSS) has become a practical solution for landmark buildings and major projects. The current codes for design of bearing-type bolted connections of steel constructions were established based on the research of conventional steels. Since the mechanical properties of HSS are different from those of conventional steels, more works should be done to develop the appropriate approach for the design of bearing-type bolted connections in HSS. A review of the research carried out on bearing-type bolted connections fabricated from conventional steel and HSS is presented. The up-to-date tests conducted at Tongji University on four connection types fabricated from three grades of HSS with nominal yield strengths of 550, 690, and 890 MPa are presented. The previous research on failure modes, bearing resistance and the design with consideration of bolt hole elongation are summarized. It is found that the behavior of bolted connections in HSS have no drastic difference compared to that of conventional steel connections. Although the ductility is reduced, plastic deformation capacity of HSS is sufficient to ensure the load redistribution between different bolts with normal construction tolerances. It is also found that behavior of each bolt of multi-bolt connections arranged in perpendicular to load direction is almost identical to that of a single-bolt connection with the same end distance. For connections with bolts arranged in parallel to load direction, the deformation capacity of the whole connection depends on the minimum value between the end distance and the spacing distances in load direction. The comparison with existing design codes shows that Eurocode3 and Chinese GB50017-2017 are conservative for the design of bolted connections in HSS while AISC 360-16 may overestimate the bearing resistance of bolted connections.     

焊接及螺栓连接钢框架的循环加载试验研究

为了探讨、比较焊接和螺栓连接钢框架的极限承载能力、滞回性能及动力特性,本文进行了6榀1∶2比例的单跨双层钢框架循环加载试验和动力特性测试,其中焊接、端板螺栓连接、角钢螺栓连接钢框架各两榀。试验过程中每层框架都铺设了混凝土楼板和配重,水平循环荷载按三角形分布施加。循环加载试验表明:当焊接连接框架的焊缝质量较高时,钢框架具有良好的承载能力和滞回性能,其最终破坏模式是构件形成塑性铰而发生强度破坏,属于典型的延性破坏,框架侧向层间塑性变形可以达到层高的1/25,塑性变形主要来自梁柱连接节点域的剪切变形和柱、梁的弯曲变形;端板螺栓连接框架的承载能力和滞回性能也较好,耗能能力略低于焊接框架,框架侧向层间塑性变形可以达到层高的1/30,但端板焊缝容易发生断裂;角钢螺栓连接框架的承载能力和耗能能力相对较低,塑性变形主要发生在连接角钢和柱脚部位,且翼缘连接角钢容易发生低周疲劳破坏。动力特性测试结果表明:随着节点转动刚度的减小,框架自振     

冷弯薄壁方钢管梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

冷弯薄壁钢管结构房屋施工速度快,适合在抗震设防烈度高的地区及震后重建中使用。因管壁较薄,梁柱节点连接方式及其力学性能还需进一步研究。依据"强柱弱梁,强节点弱杆件"的抗震设计思想,按照控制塑性铰位置的思路,在梁端加设加腋板;依据减少反复焊接次数可降低节点脆断的性能,采用纵向梁焊接于横向梁方式减少对柱施焊次数。共开展三种类型12个节点在不同轴压比下的低周往复加载试验,探讨节点滞回耗能和承载力等力学性能,结果表明:①普通焊接节点破坏前所经历循环次数较少,节点部位焊缝及附近板件发生断裂;②加腋节点极限承载力比普通焊接节点提高很多,耗能能力也较强,破坏时加腋端梁截面局部屈曲,屈曲点位于节点核心区外;③分散焊缝连接节点所经过加载循环次数较多,屈服后累计耗能能力较强,破坏时C形钢腹板局部屈曲,节点发生延性破坏;④轴压比对普通焊接节点和加腋节点的滞回性能、承载力及刚度退化影响较大,但对分散焊缝连接节点影响较小。     

Q460高强钢螺栓连接承载性能试验研究

通过对20个Q460高强钢螺栓连接的静力拉伸试验,研究高强钢材料强度和螺栓布置方式对连接承载力和变形的影响。根据力平衡和变形协调条件建立方程,理论分析高强度钢材螺栓连接的受力性能,考察相关规范的适用性。结果表明：螺栓横向布置时,试件的承载力和变形随间距增大而增大;边距由1.5d0增大到2d0,端距由2d0增大到2.5d0时,试件极限承载力仅提高了0.78%和2.37%,说明达到标准构造取值后,边距和端距增大对连接的承载力影响甚微。螺栓纵向布置时,试件的承载力仅随边距增大呈线性增大趋势。钢板承压强度设计值取1.26fu,对于Q460高强度钢材其取值偏小。为国产高强度钢材螺栓连接的设计理论和方法提供了科学依据。     

Dynamic response of hollow section frames with bolted moment connections

The behaviour of moment-resisting steel frames under various types of loads is dependent on the type of beam-to-column connections and their flexibilities. The extended end-plate connection is a practical field bolted moment connection that can be adopted in moment-resisting steel frames with hollow structural steel (HSS) columns, by using high strength blind bolts. The objective of this work was to study the behaviour of blind bolted extended end-plate connections for HSS columns under cyclic loading. With proper detailing and modelling of such connections, it has been possible to investigate the effect of joint flexibility on the response of the frame when subjected to dynamic loading and then to compare its response to that of a rigid frame. It is concluded that the proposed bolted joint behaves in a predictable manner that can be modelled and analysed using standard frame analysis programmes. The study also showed that the inclusion of the connection flexibility in frame analysis is essential to obtain a more realistic frame behaviour.     

Experimental study of lateral load behavior of H‐shaped precast reinforced concrete shear walls with bolted steel connections

This paper presents an experimental study of H‐shaped precast reinforced concrete shear walls involving vertical connections under combined vertical and lateral loading. The H‐wall is composed of two prefabricated flange wall panels: one prefabricated web wall panel and vertical bolted steel connections between the flange and web panels. The assembling of the H‐wall is completely dry without any in situ casting. Three H‐wall specimens were constructed and tested to investigate the mechanical behavior and seismic performance of them. The lateral load‐bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, lateral stiffness, strain in the connecting steel frame, and sliding within the bolted steel connections are presented and discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vertical connections. The ultimate shear‐resistance mechanism of the precast H‐wall assembly is also analyzed. The H‐wall assemblies generally possess high load‐bearing capacity, favorable ductility, and good energy‐dissipating capacity. The thickness of the steel plates in the connecting steel frame affects the lateral stiffness and the ultimate load‐bearing capacity of the H‐walls. Furthermore, the encasing steel plates for the web wall panel not only helps transfer the stress in the wall steel bars but also confines the concrete resulting in improved ductility.     

长圆孔变型性高强螺栓节点抗震性能试验研究

带悬臂梁段全螺栓拼接的梁柱刚接节点,螺栓孔开成长圆形来提高节点的抗震性能。通过3个长圆孔变型性高强螺栓节点及1个对比节点试件的低周反复加载试验,研究了节点在地震作用下的承载力、延性变形能力、耗能能力、滞回性能,并与传统栓焊节点性能作对比。试验结果表明,这种节点的延性好于传统栓焊节点,通过螺栓在长圆孔中的滑移,可明显提高节点的延性变形能力。最终节点延性破坏,3个试件梁端塑性转角分别达到0.0500 rad、0.0560 rad、0.0523 rad,位移延性系数分别为7.14、5.03、4.51,而栓焊节点的塑性转角与位移延性系数仅能达到0.0204 rad与2.28,较大程度地改善了节点抗震性能。     

Experimental study on steel built‐up column moment connections with top and bottom trapezoidal side plates

Built‐up and box columns are used extensively in steel structures. A kind of built‐up column is composed of two I rolled shapes separated by calculated interval and welded between two cover plates. The uncertainties due to these columns are the flexibility of the column cover plates under the transferred beam flange plate forces and the brittle behavior of the groove weld between the beam flange plate and the column cover plate. The top and bottom trapezoidal side plates are proposed to improve the behavior of these column moment connections. Using this approach, the total beam flange forces transfer to the lateral sides of the column, parallel to the beam web, by means of top and bottom side plates. An experimental test is developed to study the behavior of the proposed connection under cyclic loading. The results indicate that the proposed connection has sufficient strength and ductility to apply in special moment frames. Also, the rehabilitated connection eliminates the vulnerabilities of deformation of the column cover plate and brittle fracture of groove welds in conventional connections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

腹板双角钢梁柱连接循环荷载试验研究

为了研究腹板双角钢梁柱连接的抗震性能,对四个连接试件进行了梁端循环位移加载试验。试验中考察了角钢高度、角钢与柱翼缘连接高强螺栓的直径和排列布置对连接的承载能力、滞回性能和破坏机理的影响,分析了这种连接的破坏模式和变形能力。试验结果表明:连接在循环荷载作用下表现出良好的延性,转角均超过0.04rad,连接的最终破坏均为角钢的塑性撕裂破坏;连接具有相当的抗弯能力,在结构分析中,须考虑节点抗弯强度对框架性能的影响,不能简单作为铰接处理;增大角钢的高度,能提高连接的强度;增大螺栓间距,减小螺栓直径,能提高连接的延性。最后,根据试验结果提出设计施工建议。     

修复后方钢管柱与H型钢梁全螺栓双夹板连接节点抗震性能试验研究

针对震后易于修复的装配式钢结构方钢管柱与H型钢梁全螺栓双夹板连接节点,已有拟静力试验表明该节点具有良好的抗震性能。为验证节点震后的修复能力,并获得节点修复后的抗震性能,对已进行过拟静力试验至破坏后的6个方钢管柱与H型钢梁全螺栓双夹板连接节点进行简单修复,即更换新螺栓并施加预紧力,再次进行拟静力试验研究。获得了修复后节点的滞回性能、骨架曲线、延性和破坏模式等抗震性能,并与原节点试验结果进行了对比分析,研究表明节点在进行简单修复后,滑移长度有所增大,强化阶段耗能能力稍有降低,但其仍具有较高的承载能力、塑性变形和耗能能力,且节点转动能力增强,其极限转角可以达到0.09rad,满足抗震要求。     

Study on rotational behavior of bolted glulam beam-to-columnconnections with slotted-in steel plates

通过4组22个胶合木梁柱螺栓-钢填板足尺节点试件的单调和低周反复加载试验以及有限元数值模拟研究梁柱螺栓-钢填板节点的转动性能。试验研究表明,胶合木梁柱螺栓-钢填板节点性能主要取决于螺栓和螺孔周边木材的承压能力;节点加载初期的螺孔间隙和加载后期木材横纹裂缝张开均会导致节点刚度显著下降;同等条件下,节点初始刚度和极限弯矩随螺栓直径的减小而减小,节点初始刚度随螺栓边距的增加而减小。对试件进行有限元分析结果表明,基于有限元分析软件建立的节点三维实体模型对于节点的初始刚度和极限弯矩有较好的模拟精度（误差20％以内）。此外,模型参数分析表明,在更大取值范围内（螺栓直径12~28mm,螺栓边距30~70mm）,螺栓直径和边距对节点性能的影响与试验结果一致。     

反复荷载作用下方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁连接节点非线性有限元分析

本文首先选择合适的本构模型作为约束混凝土循环本构模型的骨架曲线,提出了考虑局部屈曲和开裂的钢材循环本构关系;进而建立两类方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁连接节点———缀板焊接连接节点和穿芯螺栓-端板连接节点的空间非线性分析模型,对其在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行了非线性分析计算。结果表明:由有限元模型所得的单调荷载-位移曲线与试验所得的低周反复荷载作用下的骨架曲线极为相似,但在峰值荷载后差异较大;由有限元模型所得的在低周反复荷载作用下滞回曲线也与在反复荷载作用下试验所得的相一致。有限元模型能准确地预测上述两类节点的弹塑性行为和整体抗震性能,可用于节点滞回性能的非线性参数分析研究。     

钢框架梁柱节点抗震性能研究

利用有限元软件ANSYS对四种节点进行了抗震性能计算分析,结果表明：在反复荷载作用下,构造改进节点抗震性能好,能够满足我国抗震规范的要求,极限状态时,塑性铰外移,避免节点的脆性断裂。     

螺栓连接预制混凝土梁-板子结构抗连续倒塌机理研究

为研究螺栓连接预制混凝土(PC)结构的抗连续倒塌性能,制作一个两跨1/3缩尺的螺栓连接PC梁-板子结构试件,采用堆加均布荷载与Pushdown相结合的加载方式研究其在受力过程中的开裂模式和抗力曲线。结果表明:螺栓连接PC框架具有较好的变形能力;在加载初期试件抗力主要由梁和板的抗弯机制提供;与RC结构不同的是压拱机制作用对PC梁抗倒塌贡献较少。由于梁柱节点部位螺栓附近混凝土容易发生撕裂破坏导致预制梁提早退出工作,但板中钢筋网在大变形阶段可以发展拉膜机制使得子结构可以继续承受荷载,不至于发生倒塌破坏。通过有限元软件LSDYNA建模,进一步分析了螺栓连接PC结构的预制梁与板(预制板和后浇叠合层)对结构抗力的贡献。有限元分析表明,预制板及后浇叠合层在加载初期的抗力贡献高达87%,在大变形阶段由于叠合层钢筋网发展拉膜机制,其抗力贡献也高达72%。     

低周反复荷载作用下T形截面钢异形柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究

以强震区多高层钢结构框架的梁柱边节点为研究对象,通过3个足尺T形截面钢异形柱-钢梁节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,研究了试件的变形、应变分布、破坏模态,得到了试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、节点域的剪切变形、转动能力、延性性能、耗能能力等抗震性能指标,分析了节点域强弱对抗震性能指标的影响。试验结果表明,T形截面钢异形柱-钢梁节点在破坏前经历充分的塑性变形,其破坏模态为局部屈曲破坏,塑性铰出现于远离梁柱焊缝的梁截面上且发展充分,有较高且稳定的承载能力,具备较好的塑性转动能力、延性性能和耗能能力,能够在强震区使用。研究为此类节点的工程应用和钢异形柱结构技术规程的编制提供依据。图11表6参18     

Experimental and shear bearing capacity studies of the assembled composite wall with bolted connections

To realize the dry connection of an assembled composite wall structure, a bolted connection based on the horizontal joint of an assembled composite wall is proposed. Five specimens were designed under monotonic loading. The failure modes, the seismic performance of the specimens, and the strains and slip of the connectors were studied. The plate thickness and the high‐strength bolts diameter are the key points of research. Moreover, the finite element model for experiment is also established, and the parameters are analyzed based on the numerical models. The results of the experiments and the simulations show that the bolted connection is feasible and the specimens have good deformation capacity. Increasing the plate thickness can improve the bearing capacity of the specimens. Finally, the formula for the shear bearing capacity of the specimen is obtained.