Experimental investigation of precast concrete based dry mechanical column–column joints for precast concrete frames

This paper proposed a precast concrete‐based dry mechanical joint for fully‐restrained moment connections which can be used to connect reinforced concrete precast columns. In the proposed connections, a pair of steel plates is provided and connected by high‐strength bolts to transfer axial loads and moments. One plate is installed at the bottom of upper columns, and another one is placed on the top of lower columns. The stiffness of the column plates is determined to enable axial loads and the moment to be transferred at joints, providing a fully‐restrained moment connection between columns. The structural behavior of the moment connections was evaluated through experimental and analytical investigations. Through extensive experimental investigations, columns jointed with plates capable of sufficient stiffness and strength demonstrated structural behavior similar to those of conventional columns. The plate deformations which fail to transfer the moment were not prevented with columns jointed by plates incapable of providing sufficient stiffness and strength. A good match in terms of the load–displacement relationship and plate deformation was also demonstrated between the finite element analysis based prediction and the test data for all specimens. The introduced connections will contribute to modular offsite construction for buildings and heavy industrial plants.     

Experimental investigation of the influence of steel joints upon the flexural capacity of precast concrete columns

In previous studies, the authors have shown that successful modular construction depends on using the correct types of joint connections. In this experimental study, steel beam–column joint connections were shown to be very efficient in facilitating the construction of modular frames while ensuring sufficient flexural moment capacity at the joints to resist lateral loads. This research also included an investigation of the behavior, the crack pattern, and the flexural moment capacity of concrete columns with hybrid composite joints by means of structural experiments on three specimens. Three column specimens were subjected to cyclic loading under displacement control using an oil jack. The influence of including steel sections at the beam–column joint upon the flexural moment capacity of the column was studied, and the use of concrete–steel hybrid composite joints was found to increase the flexural structural performance of the concrete columns. The flexural moment capacity in the maximum load limit state of a concrete column with steel joints was 43.2% greater than that of a conventional reinforced concrete column without steel joints. The steel section in the joint was found to greatly contribute to the flexural moment capacity and to the modular construction technologies.     

Mechanical connections of the precast concrete columns with detachable metal plates

The aim of this study is to develop laminated metal plates for a moment connection of the precast concrete columns. Metal plates were proposed as a time‐ and cost‐saving alternative to conventional monolithic cast‐in‐place joints for connecting precast concrete frames. This study investigated the possibility of using mechanical joints for the connections of both steel‐concrete composite precast frames and reinforced concrete precast frames. A full erection test of precast columns connected with laminated metal plates was performed to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method. It was shown that the use of the novel mechanical joints with steel plates significantly reduces construction time compared with the conventional monolithic assembly. The total precast column assembly time was approximately 10–20 min, eliminating pour forms and curing times required for the conventional concrete frames. This study also presents an analytical modeling of the proposed connection for multibay precast frames to explore the strains and stress exerted on the joints.     

Strength and post‐yield behavior of T‐section steel encased by structural concrete

In this study, the seismic performance of unsymmetrical steel–concrete composite precast beams with T‐shaped steel section were numerically explored and validated by their earlier experimental investigation. This design is based on the proposed calibrated finite element model in which key damage parameters for the evaluation of the nonlinear, post‐yield behavior of the precast composite steel beams were identified. The proposed nonlinear finite‐element‐based numerical model uses various parameters, including the dilatation angle and concrete‐damaged plasticity, to simulate the nonlinear behavior of unsymmetrical composite precast beams with T‐section steel. Greater seismic capacity with greater ductility, contributing to a maximized structural capacity within the composite precast beams was introduced by the effective use of the 2 materials, steel and concrete, and shown by the nonlinear hysteretic investigation of unsymmetrical steel–concrete composite precast beams that was validated experimentally. The post‐yield structural capacity found via the numerical analysis agrees with experimental results when the concrete‐damaged plasticity of the plastic‐damaged seismic model for concrete and the von Mises criteria of the steel section were introduced into the finite element model. Practical design parameters and recommendations were eventually suggested by examining the influence of precast composite beams with unsymmetrical steel sections on the concrete degradations and damage evolution.     

预制高强混凝土结构后浇整体式梁柱组合件抗震性能试验研究

采用足尺模型对比试验方法,对高强混凝土后浇整体式梁柱组合件和高强钢纤维混凝土后浇整体式梁柱组合件在低周反复荷载作用下的开裂破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性性能、强度与刚度退化特性、耗能能力、节点核心区域的剪切变形、梁端塑性铰与柱端的转动变形等进行了系统研究。结果表明:预制高强混凝土结构后浇整体式梁柱组合件与现浇高强混凝土结构梁柱组合件具有相同的抗震能力,采用高强钢纤维混凝土浇筑预制混凝土结构后浇节点,可以减小节点区域箍筋用量,改善节点承载性能。本文还给出了钢纤维混凝土节点开裂强度的简化计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

装配式人工消能塑性铰节点低周往复#br# 试验数值模拟研究

为提高装配式钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构的抗震性能,并针对梁、柱构件震后损伤严重等问题,提出一种人工消能塑性铰(artificial dissipative plastic hinge,简称ADPH)装配式混凝土框架节点,人工消能塑性铰即梁、柱构件在梁端采用机械铰及附加消能钢板连接的节点构造。使用ABAQUS软件对2组ADPH节点及1组RC节点在低周往复荷载下的试验进行数值模拟分析,分析结果表明:数值模拟得到的塑性应变、损伤位置、破坏模式、滞回曲线等结果与节点试验结果吻合较好,表明ADPH节点的有限元模拟方法是可行的,结果具有一定可靠性;引入ADPH节点的关键参数——屈服弯矩降低系数γ,通过10组不同附加钢板的ADPH节点的滞回往复试验模拟,对参数γ的取值进行分析研究,结果表γ近似取在0.75～0.85时,可使得ADPH节点有效控制塑性损伤发生在附加钢板上,并发挥附加钢板的耗能能力。     

腹板摩擦式自定心预应力混凝土框架梁柱节点的理论分析

为减少钢筋混凝土框架在地震作用下的残余变形和损伤,提出一种新型的腹板摩擦式自定心预应力混凝土梁柱节点。其中,预制的钢筋混凝土梁柱通过无黏结预应力钢绞线进行拼接。当梁端弯矩超过节点的临界张开弯矩,梁柱接触面张开;震后,接触面在预应力的作用下重新闭合。梁柱的接触部位分别预埋钢套和钢板,以避免梁柱相对转动时混凝土的压碎。在梁端钢套的腹板处设置摩擦耗能件,从而可以在梁柱相对转动时耗散地震能。介绍腹板摩擦式自定心预应力混凝土梁柱节点的基本构造和受力特点,对梁端轴力、剪力、弯矩以及梁柱接触面张开后转动刚度的表达式进行推导,建立起梁端弯矩-相对转角关系的理论分析模型,并得到节点耗能系数和等效黏滞阻尼比的计算公式。理论分析结果与试验值吻合较好,为腹板摩擦式自定心预应力混凝土框架的设计提供了依据和参考。     

全预制装配整体式剪力墙结构节点连接施工技术

全预制装配整体式剪力墙结构(NPC)剪力墙、柱、电梯井、阳台、空调板、雨篷等构件采用工厂化预制生产,预留注浆管及节点钢筋;梁、板等水平构件采用工厂化预制生产叠合梁、板,预留上层钢筋及端部节点钢筋.通过现场吊装、注浆管浆锚节点现浇形成整体结构体系.阐述了该结构体系的技术特点、适用范围.重点介绍了NPC现场施工的关键施工技术,包括定位放线,竖向钢筋校正,构件吊装、固定、校正,浆锚节点施工,养护等.     

高轴压比装配整体式预应力混凝土框架中节点抗震性能试验研究

装配整体式预应力混凝土框架中节点由预制柱、预应力T形叠合梁和现浇节点核心区组成,其中,预应力T形叠合梁采用穿过节点核心区的后张预应力筋（全黏结和部分黏结）。对2个高轴压比（0.68）装配整体式预应力混凝土框架中节点和1个现浇对比中节点足尺模型进行了低周反复荷载试验。试验结果表明：试件均发生梁端弯曲破坏,柱纵筋和核心区箍筋未屈服;试件滞回曲线均较饱满,表现出较好的耗能能力;3个试件的刚度退化规律基本一致,残余变形较小,变形恢复能力良好;与现浇对比中节点试件和全黏结预应力中节点试件相比,部分黏结预应力中节点试件的承载力分别高6%和1.5%,位移延性系数分别高11.8%和17.6%。     

钢-混凝土预制梁连接区段抗震性能试验研究

为实现预制装配式混凝土框架结构的干式连接,提出一种带工字钢接头的装配式钢筋混凝土梁.通过3个不同配筋率(0.96％、1.50％、2.34％)试件的低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同弯矩系数比对其破坏形态、滞回特性、承载力、延性、承载力退化及关键部位应变的影响.结果表明,该预制混合梁在不同弯矩系数比下表现出不同的屈服顺序和破坏...     

钢-混凝土预制梁连接区段抗震性能试验研究

为实现预制装配式混凝土框架结构的干式连接，提出一种带工字钢接头的装配式钢筋混凝土梁。通过3个不同配筋率(0.96%、1.50%、2.34%)试件的低周反复荷载试验，研究了不同弯矩系数比对其破坏形态、滞回特性、承载力、延性、承载力退化及关键部位应变的影响。结果表明，该预制混合梁在不同弯矩系数比下表现出不同的屈服顺序和破坏模式，随着弯矩系数比的减小，试件的损伤从集中在混凝土梁段到集中在钢梁段逐渐演变，滞回曲线渐趋饱满；在焊缝质量可靠的前提下，钢套筒连接区段未发生破坏，传力可靠。结合试验结果，进一步分析了该预制梁的受弯承载力计算方法和剪力传递过程。工程应用时，以钢接头屈服耗能为目标，保守建议设计弯矩系数比小于0.63，并保证钢套筒剪力传递的构造可靠。     

Comparative experimental study of full‐scale H‐subframe using a new industrialized building system and monolithic reinforced concrete beam‐to‐column connection

Industrialized building system (IBS) is a construction process that uses techniques, products, components or building systems that involve prefabricated components and on‐site installation. The structural behaviour of a prefabricated frame structure is widely affected by the specifications of the beam‐to‐column connection. The understanding on the real behaviour of a connection can be assessed by conducting full‐scale experimental tests. In this study, a new IBS hybrid steel–concrete connection in a full‐scale H‐subframe under monotonic loading is investigated. This innovative connection system, consists of precast concrete beam‐and‐column elements with embedded steel end connectors, is patented as Smart IBS. This paper reports the testing procedures and results of this semi‐rigid IBS beam‐to‐column connection to obtain the important attributes of the connection as well as its comparison with monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete model. The height of both H‐subframes is 3.3 m while the free length of the beam is 3.2 m. The incremental loads were applied as two point loads in one‐third and two‐third of the beam length. The characteristic relationships of the connection such as load to mid‐span deflection, strength, stiffness, ductility, failure modes and crack patterns are studied and compared between both structural systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

预制混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究综述

介绍了预制混凝土框架结构抗震研究的最新进展,包括预制混凝土框架后浇整体式节点、预应力拼接节点、全装配式节点的抗震研究和预制混凝土框架结构抗震研究情况.总结了预制混凝土框架结构各类节点的抗震性能,指出了全装配式节点和预制结构整体抗震性能是今后需要进一步研究的内容.     

Progressive collapse performance analysis of precast reinforced concrete structures

In this paper, the progressive collapse performance analysis of precast reinforced concrete (RC) structures is performed. A numerical simulation framework for precast RC structures is developed on the basis of the OpenSEES software, where the fiber frame element is used for beam and column type members and Joint2D element is used for the beam‐to‐column connections. The conjugated material models are then introduced, and a min–max failure criterion is imposed on the original models to reflect the steel fracture and concrete crushing when the structure is undergoing progressive collapse. In addition, to overcome the computational difficulties arisen from progressive collapse behavior, two enhanced nonlinear solutions , that is, the consistent quasi‐Newton algorithm and the explicit KR‐α algorithm, are employed, respectively, for static and dynamic analysis. A 10‐storey prototype precast RC structures is designed to verify the developed numerical framework, and the progressive collapse resisting mechanism of the structures is investigated through both static pushdown analysis and dynamic column‐removal analysis. Finally, influences of some typical parameters in precast RC structures on their progressive collapse performance are studied.     

预制混凝土管组合柱-钢梁连接节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究预制混凝土管组合柱-钢梁连接节点的抗震性能,以轴压比、钢套箍延伸高度、芯部混凝土强度以及钢套箍厚度为主要参数,进行了6个1/2缩尺节点的拟静力试验。研究了各节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、承载能力、耗能能力以及节点域受剪性能。试验结果表明：各节点主要破坏模式均为节点域剪切破坏;滞回曲线呈典型弓形,耗能能力较好;芯部混凝土强度和钢套箍厚度是影响节点抗震性能的关键参数,对承载能力和耗能性能影响较大;破坏时节点域极限剪切变形介于0.0482 ~0.100 rad之间;节点域受剪承载力降低系数介于0.86~1.00之间,承载力退化性能稳定。建立了预制混凝土管组合柱-钢梁连接节点受剪承载力计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好且偏于安全。     

Seismic behavior analysis for composite structures of steel frame‐reinforced concrete infill wall

The composite structure of steel frame–reinforced concrete infill wall (CSRC) combines the advantages of steel frames and reinforced concrete shear walls. Reinforced concrete infill walls increase the lateral stiffness of steel frames and reduce seismic demands on steel frames thus providing opportunities to use partially restrained connections. In order to study seismic behavior and load transfer mechanism of CSRC, a two‐story one‐bay specimen was tested under cyclic loads. With that, the main characters such as, strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, load distribution, performance of steel frames, partially restrained connections and studs, are analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results show that the structure has adequate strength redundancy and sufficient lateral stiffness. The CSRC system has good ductility and energy dissipation capability. Partially restrained connections could enhance ductility and avoid abrupt decreases in strength and stiffness after the failure of infill walls. The composite interaction is ensured by headed studs, which have failed because of low‐cycle fatigue. Steel frames bear 80%–100% of overturning moments, and the remainder is undertaken by infill walls; steel frames and infill walls resisted 10%–20% and 80%–90% of lateral loads, respectively. Furthermore, relevant design recommendations are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

配置600MPa钢筋预制混凝土柱连接区抗震性能试验研究

设计了2个钢连接件连接和3个半灌浆套筒连接预制钢筋混凝土柱试件,对试件进行了低周反复加载试验,研究了预制柱的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、钢筋应变、刚度退化以及耗能能力,分析了连接形式、轴压比等因素对其抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:采用钢连接件连接的预制柱Z-1的抗震性能比预制柱Z-2要好;3个采用半灌浆套筒连接的预制柱均能有效传递荷载,结合面处未出现滑移错动。采用钢连接件连接的预制柱Z-1与半灌浆套筒连接预制柱的滞回曲线、耗能能力相当,但后者变形能力更强。轴压比较高的预制柱,骨架曲线下降段更陡,变形能力更弱,但耗能能力更强。采用大直径纵筋半灌浆套筒连接的预制柱承载力略有降低,骨架曲线下降段较陡,后期刚度衰减更快,变形能力更弱。     

楼板对钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁空间组合体抗震性能影响研究

楼板在地震作用下对钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁组合体抗震性能的影响是建立地震作用下节点计算模型的基础,也是准确评价组合结构体系抗震性能的关键问题之一。为此,完成了3个钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)空间组合体试件在考虑不同楼板宽度情况下的抗震性能试验,分析整个受力过程中楼板受力性态对组合构件受力特征、破坏模式等抗震性能的影响。各试验模型在加载过程中均产生梁铰破坏,并表现出较好的延性和耗能能力,最终因节点区钢梁屈曲、扁钢箍开裂和柱端混凝土压碎而丧失承载力。分析表明,楼板裂缝以横向裂缝为主,随着楼板宽度增加,次生斜裂缝增多,板底混凝土压碎区域增大;混凝土楼板与钢梁组合体对节点核心区的约束作用较明显地改善了空间组合体受力性能。对楼板混凝土和板内纵筋在受力过程中的应变进行分析,结果表明,随着楼板宽度的增加,楼板对RCS空间组合体刚度、承载力的贡献值有限。对现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度进行分析,结果表明考虑钢-混凝土组合梁翼缘有效宽度对梁端受弯承载力、惯性矩影响较大。     

预制预应力混凝土粱柱节点研究进展

预制预应力混凝土梁柱节点由预制梁、预制柱和预应力筋组成,通过张拉预应力筋使梁柱形成共同工作的整体。已有研究表明：装配式预应力混凝土框架节点在低周反复荷载作用下,裂缝主要出现在梁柱连接界面处,破坏形式为梁端受压区混凝土压碎,受拉区普通钢筋或预应力钢筋屈服,节点核心区及构件本身破坏轻微,普遍表现出变形能力强,位移延性好,耗能能力差,残余变形小,恢复性能好的特点。     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱组合结构研究的进展

近年来,在组合结构中出现一种新型的结构形式,即由钢筋混凝土柱和钢梁(RCS)组成的框架结构。本文较为系统地阐述国际上RCS组合结构抗震性能的研究情况。主要包括RCS梁柱节点的试验研究、RCS组合框架的试验研究和有限元分析、RCS组合结构的抗震设计及性能分析,以及美日“设计指南”的完善与发展。最后指出RCS结构研究存在的问题和今后的研究趋势。