AlCrTaTiZrN_x高熵合金纳米涂层的微观组织和力学性能研究

通过热压方法制备AlCrTaTiZr高熵合金合金靶材,采用磁控溅射方法在抛光后Si基体表面制备AlCrTaTiZrNx高熵合金涂层,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和纳米压痕仪等研究了靶成分、相结构及涂层的微观形貌、成分和常规力学性能。结果表明,AlCrTaTiZr高熵合金靶材为体心立方结构,AlCrTaTiZrNx高熵合金薄膜均匀致密,未通入氮气的薄膜为非晶态,通入氮气的薄膜晶体结构均为简单的面心立方结构。当氮气流量百分比为10%时,薄膜力学性能最好,其硬度和杨氏模量分别达到了22.9GPa和234.77GPa。     

增材制造FeCoNiAl系高熵合金的研究进展

FeCoNiAl系高熵合金在面心立方的FeCoNi基体中引入体心立方相稳定元素Al及其他合金化元素,因此表现出独特的显微组织、力学性能和功能性,具有广阔的工业应用前景。近年来,增材制造技术为制造超细晶粒和几何复杂的高熵合金零件提供了技术支持,引起研究人员的广泛关注。本文从打印工艺、显微结构、性能、缺陷和后处理等方面综述了增材制造FeCoNiAl系高熵合金的新进展。系统总结了几种典型增材制造技术,并讨论不同工艺下FeCoNiAl系高熵合金的晶体结构、显微组织及其相应的性能,阐述增材制造过程中与快速凝固和复杂热循环有关的缺陷形成机制。此外,介绍并总结了几种旨在进一步提高FeCoNiAl系高熵合金性能的后处理方法。最后,展望了增材制造高熵合金未来的研究方向,以解决面临的挑战,加快其在工业领域的应用。     

激光熔化沉积CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金组织和低温力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积和铸造技术分别制备了CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相腐蚀、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学拉伸实验等分析手段对不同方法制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金相组成、微观组织及力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:通过激光熔化沉积和铸造技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金均为面心立方(FCC)单相固溶体结构;采用激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金具有更为均匀的元素分布;随着温度从293 K降低到77 K,激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的拉伸强度与塑性分别从518 MPa、55%提升到878 MPa、95%,表现出优异的低温力学性能。     

退火温度对CoCrFeNiAl高熵合金组织与性能的影响

用传统铸造法制备了CoCrFeNiAl高熵合金,研究了不同退火温度对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,铸态的CoCrFeNiAl高熵合金为面心立方晶体结构(FCC)和体心立方晶体结构(BCC)的混合结构;随退火温度的升高,合金的晶体结构转变为FCC+BCC+Ordered BCC的混合结构;当合金温度达到800℃时,在枝晶之间开始析出AlNi_3、CrFe金属间化合物,合金的晶体结构转变为FCC+BCC+Ordered BCC+AlNi_3+CrFe的混合结构。CoCrFeNiAl高熵合金具有较高的硬度,并随着退火温度的升高,合金的硬度逐渐增大,硬度最高为463 HV0.2。CoCrFeNiAl高熵合金具有较好的室温压缩性能,铸态合金的压缩断裂强度、压缩率分别可达2275 MPa、18.8%。随着退火温度的升高,塑性逐渐降低,但强度逐渐增加,经600℃退火后,具有最佳的室温压缩性能,压缩断裂强度、压缩率分别为2631 MPa、12.5%。     

Zn元素含量对高熵合金AlFeTiCrZnxCu力学性能的影响

已有研究表明AlFeTiCrZnCu高熵合金是简单的立方晶体结构,为了进一步研究其中元素含量的影响,采用基于平面波赝势,并结合广义梯度近似(GGA)的第一性原理密度泛函理论从头计算的方法,在立方结构晶胞的单个原子上用虚拟晶体近似(VCA)的方法建立高熵合金的长和固溶体结构模型,计算了高熵合金AlFeTiCrZn_xCu在Zn元素含量不同时的晶格常数及密度、弹性模量及生成热。计算结果表明,随着Zn元素含量的增加,高熵合金AlFeTiCrZn_xCu的密度增大晶格常数减小;减小或是不含有Zn元素会提高高熵合金AlFeTiCrZn_xCu的力学稳定性;高熵合金AlFeTiCrZn_xCu的脆/韧性也因为Zn元素含量不同或是判断依据不同而有所差异;高熵合金的热力学稳定性随着Zn元素含量的增加而降低,但是整体体系的稳定性有所增强。     

高熵合金中的元素分布规律及其作用

高熵合金作为一类多主元的复杂合金,其与传统合金相比可能表现出更好的力学性能和不同变形机制。而这些现象所对应的高熵合金与传统合金在原子结构特点上的本质区别一直存在争议。大量研究表明,由于高熵合金中各组成元素的原子特性不同,其可能普遍存在原子尺度上的元素分布不均匀性,这使得材料的结构性能关系用经典的固溶强化等理论并不能被完全理解。本文以面心立方、体心立方及双相高熵合金为分类,总结了高熵合金中与元素分布相关的研究,从浓度波和短程有序这两个方面出发,分别展开讨论;并拓展到其对材料位错行为和力学性能的影响;最后,对未来高熵合金中元素分布规律的探索进行了展望。     

间隙强化FeMnCoCr亚稳高熵合金及其低温/临氢服役性能研究进展

以马氏体/孪晶相变为主要变形机制的FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金以其优异的综合力学性能,倍受结构材料研究领域的关注,在氢能储运、吸能保护和深空深海等领域极具应用潜力,尤其是深低温/临氢等复杂服役场景增多,复杂的场景对金属结构材料提出了更严苛的性能要求。非金属元素间隙/置换强化是进一步提升该体系力学性能的主要手段,马氏体相变诱导塑性变形机制和多种复杂界面结构为拓展其在低温/临氢环境服役带来可能。本文围绕显微组织、精细结构和力学性能的最新研究进展,首先概述了近年来FeMnCoCr亚稳高熵合金发展动态,然后总结了几类常用非金属元素间隙/置换亚稳高熵合金调控方法和强化机理,最后概括了FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金在低温/临氢服役环境中的影响机制,并展望了FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金未来的研究方向和发展趋势。     

热锻态CoCrNi中熵合金组织及力学性能的研究

通过力学性能测试以及OM、XRD、SEM和EBSD分析,研究了热锻对CoCrNi三主元中熵合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:热锻后合金的晶粒得到明显的细化,晶体结构为面心立方结构(FCC).晶粒内部的大量退火孪晶与扩展层错的共同作用使得合金具有良好的室温力学性能.屈服强度达到380 MPa,抗拉强度达到850 MP...     

FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金的研究进展

高熵合金是一种原子排列有序,化学无序的新型多主元合金。通过改变合金元素的种类和浓度,能够调控合金系统层错能及显微组织的相稳定性,进而诱发形变孪晶、马氏体相变等塑性变形机制,最终使合金获得突出的综合力学性能。这种高熵合金的设计理念称为“亚稳工程”。亚稳高熵合金的显微组织、相结构及变形机制与合金体系的层错能密切相关。在FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金中,随着系统层错能降低,面心立方结构稳定性下降,从而激活应变诱导马氏体相变(γ→ε),实现了合金强度和塑性的同时提高。本文主要介绍了FeMnCoCr系亚稳高熵合金的成分设计、制备及加工方法、微观结构和力学性能,并对亚稳高熵合金未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Al含量对Al_xFeCoNiCu高熵合金结构和纳米压痕蠕变行为的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备了Al_xFeCoNiCu(x=0.5, 1, 1.5, 2)多组元高熵合金,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和纳米压痕法(Nanoindentation)研究了Al元素含量对高熵合金的晶体结构、热稳定性及蠕变行为的影响。结果表明,Al_xFeCoNiCu高熵合金的晶体结构具有面心立方结构(FCC)、体心立方结构(BCC)或者两相混合结构,Al元素的增加促进了BCC相的形成。随着Al含量的增加,合金的热稳定性得到增强。Al元素的添加引起了晶格畸变,并形成了硬度较高的BCC相,导致合金的硬度得到提高,蠕变位移和蠕变应变速率减小。     

Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNiSi<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> High-Entropy Alloys Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

In the current investigation, AlCoCrFeNiSi_x (x?=?0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 in atomic ratio) high-entropy alloy systems are prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed to understand the effect of Si addition in AlCoCrFeNi alloy. The x-ray diffraction analysis reveals the supersaturated solid solution of the body-centered cubic structure after 20 h of ball milling. However, the consolidation promotes the transformation of body-centered phases partially into the face-centered cubic structure and sigma phases. A recently proposed geometric model based on the atomic stress theory has been extended for the first time to classify single phase and multi-phases on the high-entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process. Improved microhardness and better wear resistance were achieved as the Si content increased from 0 to 0.9 in the present high-entropy alloy.     

Correlation between lattice distortion and friction stress in Ni-based equiatomic alloys

Many recent efforts have been made to apply traditional theories for solid solution strengthening to explain the strength increase in concentrated equiatomic alloys (or high-entropy alloys), but always faced the challenge of differentiating solvent from solute atoms. In this report, we conducted a systematical analysis of Ni-based equiatomic alloys with a face-centered cubic structure and found that the lattice distortion in this alloy system could be simply described by the parameter of atomic size mismatch. It was found that lattice friction stresses of these alloys were well correlated with the lattice distortion. Dislocation core width in this Ni-based alloy system was also estimated and compared with that in the pure nickel. The intrinsically high strength in high-entropy alloys was probably resulted from a high lattice friction stress.     

A Novel CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux High-Entropy Alloy with Excellent Magnetic Properties and Good Mechanical Properties

In the present study,we investigate the crystal structure of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the form of CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux(x =0.25,0.50,0.75,and 1.00) and their mechanical and magnetic properties.The CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux alloys are composed of a mixture of a body-centered cubic (BCC) and a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution.The increased amounts of cop-per (Cu) boost both alloy strength and plastic ductility.The CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCu1.0 HEAs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties,such as a high strength of 1832 MPa and a large plastic ductility of 22.38％.Magnetic property measurements on this alloy system indicated high saturated magnetization and high coercivity.The coercivity of the tested alloys lies in the range between 40 and 182 Oe,suggesting that the alloys have semi-hard magnetic properties.This study suggests that the present CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux HEAs could serve as potential candidates for soft magnets in electromagnetic applications.     

Design Fe-based Eutectic Medium-Entropy Alloys Fe_2NiCrNb_x

High-entropy alloys have attracted broad research interests due to their unique and intriguing mechanical properties. As a category of high-entropy alloys, eutectic high-entropy alloys combine the advantages of eutectic and high-entropy alloys, with excellent mechanical properties and casting properties. Some eutectic high-entropy alloys have been developed and shown exciting properties. In this paper, based on the physical metallurgy of eutectic high-entropy alloy, medium-entropy alloy Fe_2NiCrNb_x was designed. The as-cast alloy is composed of FCC and Laves phases, Nb element promotes the formation of primary Laves phase, and the hardness of the alloy increases with the increase in Nb element. Among the four alloys, the eutectic chemical composition at eutectic point is Fe_2NiCrNb_(0.34); the alloy has a good strength and plastic balance. The ultimate comprehensive strength is 2267 MPa, and the fracture strain is 30.8%. The experiment data and analyses identified the eutectic points and the excellent mechanical behavior. Moreover, the expensive Co element was replaced by Fe element. This cheap medium-entropy alloy has promising prospect in the consideration of the cost performance ratio.     

High-Entropy Metallic Glasses

The high-entropy alloys are defined as solid-solution alloys containing five or more than five principal elements in equal or near-equal atomic percent. The concept of high mixing entropy introduces a new way for developing advanced metallic materials with unique physical and mechanical properties that cannot be achieved by the conventional microalloying approach based on only a single base element. The metallic glass (MG) is the metallic alloy rapidly quenched from the liquid state, and at room temperature it still shows an amorphous liquid-like structure. Bulk MGs represent a particular class of amorphous alloys usually with three or more than three components but based on a single principal element such as Zr, Cu, Ce, and Fe. These materials are very attractive for applications because of their excellent mechanical properties such as ultrahigh (near theoretical) strength, wear resistance, and hardness, and physical properties such as soft magnetic properties. In this article, we review the formation and properties of a series of high-mixing-entropy bulk MGs based on multiple major elements. It is found that the strategy and route for development of the high-entropy alloys can be applied to the development of the MGs with excellent glass-forming ability. The high-mixing-entropy bulk MGs are then loosely defined as metallic glassy alloys containing five or more than five elements in equal or near-equal atomic percent, which have relatively high mixing entropy compared with the conventional MGs based on a single principal element. The formation mechanism, especially the role of the mixing entropy in the formation of the high-entropy MGs, is discussed. The unique physical, mechanical, chemical, and biomedical properties of the high-entropy MGs in comparison with the conventional metallic alloys are introduced. We show that the high-mixing-entropy MGs, along the formation idea and strategy of the high-entropy alloys and based on multiple major elements, might provide a novel approach in search for new MG-forming systems with significances in scientific studies and potential applications.     

新型(FeCoCrMnCuZn)3O4高熵氧化物的制备及表征

采用简易的固相反应法制备了(FeCoCrMnCuZn)_3O_4高熵氧化物粉体,采用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等方法对其进行表征。结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,Fe_2O_3、Cr_2O_3、MnO_2、CuO和ZnO相继固溶进尖晶石结构中;最终,在800℃煅烧2 h可得到单一尖晶石结构(面心立方,Fd-3m)的(FeCoCrMnCuZn)_3O_4氧化物,且各元素在晶粒内分布均匀,为典型的高熵氧化物特征。对合成的高熵氧化物(FeCoCrMnCuZn)_3O_4粉体进行电化学性能分析发现,当电流密度为1 A/g时,质量比电容为152.9 F/g。     

The high-entropy alloys with high hardness and soft magnetic property prepared by mechanical alloying and high-pressure sintering

The equiatomic multiprincipal CoCrFeCuNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were consolidated via high pressure sintering (HPS) from the powders prepared by the mechanical alloying method (MA). The structures of the MA'ed CoCrFeCuNi and CoCrFeMnNi powders consisted of a face-centered-cubic (FCC) phase and a minority body-centered cubic (BCC) phase. After being consolidated by HPS at 5 GPa, the structure of both HEAs transformed to a single FCC phase. The grain sizes of the HPS'ed CoCrFeCuNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs were about 100 nm. The alloys keep the FCC structure until the pressure reaches 31 GPa. The hardness of the HPS'ed CoCrFeCuNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs were 494 Hv and 587 Hv, respectively, much higher than their counterparts prepared by casting. Both alloys show typical paramagnetism, however, possessing different saturated magnetization. The mechanisms responsible for the observed influence of Cu and Mn on mechanical behavior and magnetic property of the HEAs are discussed in detail.     

轻质高熵合金的研究进展

目前以一种或两种金属元素为主元的传统轻质合金在工业应用上有诸多局限性,如铝合金室温强度低、镁合金室温塑性和耐腐蚀性差且不易加工等。2004年叶均蔚首次正式提出高熵合金概念。高熵合金概念的提出为轻质合金的发展提供了新方向。区别于传统轻质合金,轻质高熵合金具有多种主元元素且混合熵较高,往往倾向于生成简单固溶体相。且轻质高熵合金表现出四大显著效应,即热力学上的高熵效应、动力学上的缓慢扩散效应、结构上的晶格畸变效应及性能上的"鸡尾酒"效应。独特的晶体结构和特性,使得轻质高熵合金具有传统轻质合金无法比拟的优点,如高强度、高硬度、优良的高温抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性能等。综述了轻质高熵合金的研究现状,阐述了轻质高熵合金的组元设计、制备方法、微观结构及合金性能,分析了轻质高熵合金现存的问题,并对轻质高熵合金未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

不完全再结晶Fe40Mn10Cr25Ni25高熵合金的室温及低温力学性能

采用冷轧和退火热处理工艺制备了不完全再结晶结构的Fe₄₀Mn₁₀Cr₂₅Ni₂₅高熵合金,分析了合金的室温(298 K)及低温(77 K)拉伸时的力学性能。结果表明,合金具有优良的室温及低温力学性能,合金在低温拉伸时强度和塑性均得到了提高,其室温强度和断后伸长率分别为880 MPa和18%,低温强度和断后伸长率分别为1360 MPa和36%。合金在室温变形以位错滑移为主,低温变形以位错滑移和孪生为主。室温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒先于细晶晶粒变形,导致试样内部产生了应变梯度,提高了合金的加工硬化率,使合金在室温下具有良好的强塑性。低温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒中形成了大量的变形孪晶,从而提高了合金的低温力学性能。