有机颜料工业新技术进展

综述了有机颜料的新的化学结构类型,应用特性,新的合成工艺与新技术及其进展,DPP类颜料向更好的应用性能和新的剂型发展;苯并咪唑酮-二噁嗪类颜料是将两种结构引入到同一分子中以获得更高的着色强度和稳定性。新的颜料化技术可获得纳米级颜料或隐型颜料,在水介质压力下颜料化技术,等离子溅射表面改性技术,微波照射合成工艺等成为有机颜料工业新技术进展过程中的开发热点。本文提出了有机颜料新型发色体系的开发、表面改性、专用助剂等六个值得关注的技术问题和包括有机颜料结构、粒径大小及分布、颗粒表面极性在内的“核心技术”(S&PPP)概念。有41篇参考文献。     

有机颜料商品化及表面改性(修饰)技术

本文讨论了有机颜料商品化剂型的重要特性,颜料的表面改性(修饰)技术的基本原理,主要改性工艺技术的类型,诸如以经典表面活性剂改性(阴离子、阳离子、两性及非离子表面活性剂,松香酸、松香胺及有机烷胺等);颜料衍生物改性技术,(添加方式及处理过程中生成);研磨,溶剂处理及酸溶与酸胀;聚合物处理(制备物,高分子分散剂与包膜技术)及以无机化合物实施改性(包核、表面键合及低温离子溅射)。并对偶氮、酞菁及杂环三大类别主要颜料品种的商品化与改性实例进行了介绍。     

Application of thermo-responsive poly(methyl vinyl ether) containing copolymers in combination with ultrasonic treatment for pigment surface modification in pigment dispersions

The process of surface modification of hydrophobic organic (copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)) as well as hydrophilic inorganic pigments (titanium dioxide) in aqueous dispersions by employing tailor-made thermo-responsive copolymers and the colloidal stability have been studied as a function of temperature. The pigment surface modification is achieved by conventional adsorption and by thermoprecipitation of amphiphilic methyl vinyl ether (MVE) containing block and graft copolymers, exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), with poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) blocks and poly(ethylene oxide) side chains, respectively. The effect of mechanical treatment of the pigment dispersion by ultrasonic power alone or in combination with the LCST property was investigated. The course of the pigment surface coating process was followed by the electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) method. The temperature-controlled sorption of PMVE-g-PEO graft copolymers on both inorganic and organic pigment surfaces was investigated. It was found that ultrasonic treatment together with LCST thermoprecipitation is a promising method for the surface modification of pigments with regard to dispersion stability.     

粉末涂料用有机颜料概述

粉末涂料用有机颜料属于高性能有机颜料,是作为无机颜料的一种补充,补齐了无机颜料在颜色鲜艳度、色相齐全方面的缺陷.有机颜料的许多应用性能不仅决定于化学结构,粒径大小与分布、颗粒表面极性、晶体类型与结晶度、表面改性对有机颜料也有很大的影响.本文从有机颜料物理形态、晶型、化学结构特性等方面阐述有机颜料的性能,同时介绍了粉末涂...     

Surface treatment of pigments. Treatment with inorganic materials

The surface treatment of pigment particles plays an ever more important role in the pigment industry — especially in paint and ink applications. The use of pigment derivatives shows some strong limitations with respect to bleeding and coloristics. Novel treatments of pigments with inorganic materials are presented. This type of colorless and insoluble treatment has a marked positive effect on the rheological behavior of paints without changing the other pigment properties. These treatments allow a broad modification of the surface characteristics of the pigment particles which leads to novel improved products.     

包核法对有机颜料改性技术进展

综述了近年来包核法技术在有机颜料改性方面的进展,重点介绍了有机包核颜料的制备机理,以及以S iO2、TiO2和其他一些无机物对有机颜料进行包覆的实例。对有机包核颜料的应用前景进行了展望。     

Pigments,Plastics and Progress

The performance of organic pigments in plastics is reviewed briefly. Reference is also made to the newer inorganic pigments. Considerable progress has been made in developing pigments with greatly improved properties, but there are many gaps that need filling before the plastics technologist will have an adequate range of pigments available. A start has been made to develop pigments especially for the plastics industry, either by modifying the surface of the pigment crystals to render them more compatible with the polymer or by enveloping their discrete particles in a medium to prevent agglomeration, but much has still to be done.     

Study of the kinetic stability of pigmented polyurethane solutions

The effect of the nature of a pigment and the degree of its dispersity on the kinetics of particle sedimentation in pigmented polyurethane solutions is studied. The studies are performed using the sedimentation method. The effect of the adsorption modification of a pigment surface with surfactants on the stability of polyurethane solutions is also investigated, as well as the structure of coatings containing different pigments. It is established that, in coatings where carbon black with high surface activity is used, pigment particles are surrounded by adsorption layers with a larger packing density of structural elements relative to the polymer bulk. It is shown that the structure of coatings depends to a considerable extent on the procedure of component compatibility during the preparation of pigment paste.     

聚多巴胺修饰纳米SiO2颗粒

纳米SiO₂颗粒粒径小、比表面积大,广泛用做填料、涂料、催化剂等。由于纳米SiO₂颗粒表面能高、亲水性强、易团聚、在聚合物基体中的分散性差,需要对其表面修饰改性。多巴胺（DA）分子具有类似贻贝分泌的黏附蛋白的结构单元儿茶酚和活性基团氨基,在碱性条件下,通过氧化自聚可在多种材料表面沉积,形成富含活性基团的聚多巴胺（PDA）包覆层,可进行二次修饰,是近期发展的一种新型表面修饰方法。本文针对纳米SiO₂颗粒表面的PDA功能化修饰,分析了该修饰方法的工艺特点及优势,阐述了SiO₂@PDA纳米颗粒及SiO₂/PDA共聚复合颗粒的制备路线及应用,总结了SiO₂@PDA颗粒表面二次功能化修饰的研究进展。分析表明,SiO₂@PDA表面易于接枝功能化聚合物分子,并可负载功能纳米颗粒,有利于拓展SiO₂纳米颗粒的多功能应用。关于多巴胺与SiO₂纳米颗粒的表面反应机制、沉积动力学、聚合机理等仍需进一步研究。     

纳米碳酸钙的制备、表面改性及应用进展

纳米碳酸钙是一种新型的无机纳米材料,可应用于塑料、橡胶、油墨、造纸、日用化工、胶黏剂和密封材料、医药、食品等许多领域。笔者概述了纳米碳酸钙常用的制备方法。列出了纳米碳酸钙表面改性的途径以及纳米碳酸钙在应用过程中所表现出的与普通轻质碳酸钙所不同的、反常的物理化学特性以及各方面特性的应用领域。对进一步拓展纳米碳酸钙的应用、不断优化其性能、突出其纳米特性、提升其潜在的价值等提出展望．具有一定的指导意义。     

Electrochemical assessing corrosion inhibiting effects of zinc aluminum polyphosphate (ZAPP) as a modified zinc phosphate pigment

Undesirable anti-corrosion performance of zinc phosphate pigment, the classical chromate replacement, has led researchers to take modification into account. Polyphosphate-based anti-corrosion pigments as a result of modification of zinc orthophosphate have been found to function much more efficiently. This study aimed to evaluate performance of steel samples immersed in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution-containing zinc aluminum polyphosphate (ZAPP) pigment extract compared to those involving conventional zinc phosphate (ZP) pigment extract and also no pigment (blank) using electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization (LP) as well as surface analysis. Impedance spectra and polarization curves revealed two different trends, showing the superiority of ZAPP pigment. Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), presence of a precipitated layer on the surface was confirmed when steel sample was immersed into the solution-containing ZAPP.     

Hybrid coating pigments of poly(styrene-co-maleimide)/kaolin/alumina trihydrate for paper coating

Novel organic–inorganic hybrid pigments were prepared by in situ imidization of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) aqueous dispersion with ammonia in the presence of inorganic pigments, i.e. kaolin (K) or a mixture of kaolin (K)/alumina trihydrate (ATH). The objective was to allow the organic nano-particles of poly(styrene-co-maleimide) (SMI) to precipitate during their formation onto the surface of the inorganic pigment(s) and to investigate their potential in paper coatings. The produced hybrid pigments were characterized by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angel X-ray diffraction (WXRD) spectroscopy and their particle sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering technique. By FTIR measurements the formation of maleimide was confirmed and the existence of strong hydrogen bonding between organic and inorganic components could also be detected. Whereas, the SEM images revealed that the surface of silicate layers had successfully been to a large extent covered by the organic nano-particles to give raise to novel hybrid particles. In addition, the particle size measurements support the observation that the organic nanoparticles for the most part had been chemically or physically attached to the larger inorganic particles. Thus, this in situ imidization process in the presence of clay particles provides a neat method of dispersing the formed nanoparticles onto the inorganic surface through hydrogen bonding. The produced hybrids were applied as auxiliary pigments in paper coating where they improved gloss without roughening the paper surface.     

塑料用无机阻燃剂及其处理技术研究现状

从性能特点、阻燃机理、应用研究等方面综述了当前在塑料中广泛应用的主要无机阻燃剂氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、无机磷系及新型阻燃协效剂的生产及研究现状;介绍了目前无机阻燃剂的超细化、表面改性和复配等三种主要处理技术,并展望了塑料用无机阻燃剂的未来发展趋势。     

Pigments for PVC applications

Skillful selection and evaluation of pigments for use in PVC compositions demands careful recognition and interpretation of side effects. These include possible interfering effects due to additives such as lubricants, heat and light stabilizers, U.V. screeners, etc. In addition, it has been observed that pigments can chemically react with polymers (PVC included) initiating degradative processes or catalyzing oxidation of PVC or its additives. Other changes affecting pigment performance in PVC include its solvation by the polymer at high processing temperatures and particle size reduction by abrasion during high intensive premixing. Also, in applications where amount of heat build-up of dark vinyls due to light absorption is important, inorganic pigments are shown to be superior to their organic counterparts. However, care in controlling processing temperatures to preclude polymer-pigment reactions needs to be exercised when inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, cadmium yellow pigments, and any other mixed metal oxides are evaluated, for use in PVC compounds.     

重氮盐用于无机材料的表面改性研究进展

重氮盐的表面改性是一种新型有效的表面改性方法,可实现对无机、有机、生物材料的改性。综述了重氮盐用于无机材料表面改性的特点及方法,如电化学还原、氧化还原、UV辐照接枝、热化学反应、机械接枝、超声波和微波辅助改性,并重点介绍了近年利用重氮盐对碳纳米管、石墨、玻璃碳、金属、半导体、石英和纳米金刚石等无机材料的表面改性及应用。     

Effects of morphology and surface treatment of inorganic pigments on waterborne coating properties

Inorganic pigments in aqueous coatings are investigated using atomic force microscopy and microprobe analysers. The first method characterises the topography at a very high resolution. The findings obtained using the second method reveal the distribution of the pigment in the paint film. Taking selected titanium dioxide and iron oxide pigments, the effects of particle morphology as well as inorganic and organic surface treatment on the dispersibility and flocculation stability are shown. These two phenomena are factors in gloss, hazing, hiding power, tinting strength and viscosity – key quality parameters in waterborne coatings.     

稀土黄色颜料研究进展

稀土黄色颜料是新型的环境友好型无机颜料,具有广阔的应用前景。这里对稀土黄色颜料的制备方法,以及其组成、掺杂离子、矿化剂和灼烧温度对黄色颜料晶体结构和呈色机理影响进行了综述性介绍。     

纳米SiO2对石灰基材料性能影响研究进展

作为一种应用广泛的无机纳米材料,纳米SiO2颗粒尺寸小、比表面积大、表面吸附性强,在改性石灰早期强度低和耐久性方面效果显著.综述了纳米SiO2对石灰基材料力学性能、耐久性以及改性机理等方面的研究进展,并基于上述综述提出了纳米SiO2改性石灰基材料当前存在的问题,结合纳米SiO2改性石灰的应用情况,展望了该类材料未来的发展方向.     

Effect of surface treatment of pigment particles with polypyrrole and polyaniline phosphate on their corrosion inhibiting properties in organic coatings

The effect of pigment particle surface treatment with conductive polymers on the corrosion inhibiting properties of organic paints was investigated. Mixed oxides possessing the spinel and perovskite structures were synthesised for the study. Natural graphite and pigments based on ferric oxide and silicate were studied. Coating materials based on a water-based epoxy resin were prepared for the investigation of the corrosion protection properties of the pigments, the surfaces of which had been provided with a conductive polymer layer. Laboratory corrosion tests were applied to the paint films. A commercial corrosion protection pigment, based on modified zinc phosphate, served as the corrosion protection efficiency standard. Polyaniline phosphate was found preferable to polypyrrole as the modifying agent of the pigment surface regarding the pigment's corrosion inhibiting efficiency. Surface treatment with the conductive polymers is also beneficial to the mechanical properties of the paint.     

粉体表面改性技术及其效果评估

对粉体进行表面改性可赋予粒子许多新的机能，因此粉体表面改性技术受到诸多关注并且已取得了一定的研究进展。本文从改性方法、影响因素、效果评估等多方面对该技术进行了理论综述。