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1.
应用FEAS(Finite Element Analysis System),对国家“九五”科技攻关项目95-533-01-04(高中压注浆成形机)的关键部件端板进行了有限元分析研究,着重介绍如何离散化模型、选择单元类型、译码及不同单元间耦合,以达到正确建立构件有限元分析力学模型的目的。  相似文献   

2.
    
Generating high-quality sequential color schemes for maps is challenging for most mapmakers. This article presents a harmony-based approach for automatically generating sequential color schemes for maps. The proposed approach consists of two steps: (a) color harmony quantification for sequential color schemes on maps and (b) color scheme generation using quantified color harmony factors. The approach was tested using three experimental maps, including the Chinese water body density index map, Chinese vegetation cover index map, and Chinese population density map. Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing color schemes generated by the proposed approach with those created by the probability-based method and ColorBrewer. Twenty-six participants were invited to rate each map color scheme using a 5-point scale. A t test was also used to examine the significance of the difference. The results show that the mean points of color schemes using the proposed approach are higher than those using the probability-based method, and the corresponding P-values are far lower than .05, which suggests that the proposed approach is better than the probability-based method and can improve the sequential color scheme quality in automatic ways. The mean points of color schemes created using the proposed approach are also slightly higher than or similar to those of ColorBrewer, which are well-known map color schemes manually designed by an experienced cartographer. This result further suggests that the proposed approach can meet the requirement of automatic generation for high-quality sequential color schemes on maps.  相似文献   

3.
    
Harmony and preference are two important factors in constructing color combination for the purpose of color design. We presented a method for generating harmonious color scheme in a previous project. As an extension to the project, we propose here a method for generating color schemes that are based on user's preference. We considered color combinations as a set of color relations rather than a summation of specific color components (color elements); and we derived a model of six‐variable color relations, representative value of hue, representative value of saturation, representative value of lightness, span of hue, span of saturation, and span of lightness. With this model, color combinations can be expressed as specific parameters of the six‐variable model. Individual preferences are represented as certain parameters, from which new color schemes can be reconstructed to meet individual requirements. An interactive system for generating preferential color schemes is built with all these principles integrated. As a color design toolkit for user study, the system accesses user's preference features for color combinations, and provides new color schemes that fit the user's need. User study shows that both professionals and novices can generally acquire preferential color schemes of their own. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 147–156, 2015  相似文献   

4.
李汉贵  朱辉球 《中国陶瓷》2007,43(11):60-62
古彩，是集人物、花鸟、山水、图案为一体，融民间传说和风俗彩头为一炉，以除恶扬善与美好追求为宗旨，运用现实与浪漫相结合的手法，进行大胆概括、变化的陶瓷装饰艺术。通过意象造型的创意，使其成为一种更典型、更理想的造型手段。  相似文献   

5.
    
This study investigates how a holistic color interval, i.e., the nondirectional color difference between a pair of colors in a CIELAB uniform color space, influences perceived color harmony. A set of 1035 test color pairs displayed on a CRT was evaluated for the degree of harmony. These test color pairs consist of pairs combined from among the selected 46 test colors evenly distributed in color space. The subjects were asked to select their three preferred colors from these 46 test colors and then to evaluate the degree of harmony of the test color combinations. The color intervals (ΔE) of each test color combination were calculated and treated as values of an independent variable. In addition, the evaluated degrees of color harmony were considered as values of a dependent variable, in which statistical analysis confirmed the relationship: the degree of harmony is a cubic function of the color interval. Moreover, the plot of this relationship allowed us to identify four color intervals: roughly corresponding to the regions of first ambiguity, similarity, second ambiguity, and contrast in Moon and Spencer's model. However, our results indicated that Moon and Spencer's principles for classifying harmonious/disharmonious regions in terms of the color interval for three color attributes—lightness, chroma and hue—may be inappropriate in predicting perceived color harmony. As for the color intervals between a pair of colors considered as a function of the three attributes, the interval for lightness may have a predominant effect on color harmony, expressed in terms of a cubic relationship. Results of the study further demonstrated that the subject's choice of colors significantly influences perceived color harmony. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 29–39, 2001  相似文献   

6.
    
During the color design process, it is critical to create diversified color schemes for various consumer groups. It is also important to allow members in a design team to brainstorm for creative ideas. A theory of inspecting natural color elements was proposed in this study based on the CIE 1976 (L*,a*,b*) (CIE 1976) color space and the fuzzy c‐means clustering method. A calculation model was built to determine people's preference for colors based on a serialized system. To determine which factors affect the prediction of consumers' preference for a series of products, a gray relational color preference system was used in combination with gray relational grade so that a designer can obtain reasonable prediction results. The proposed system recommends not only the optimal colors for a product but also the optimal color scheme for a series of products.  相似文献   

7.
    
We present an interactive visualization tool for generating color schemes that can be used by both professional artists and novice designers to improve their design efficiency. The method is developed on two color harmony principles of familial factors and rhythmic spans from conventional color theories. The interactive tool makes use of these principles for users to interactively generate colors palettes containing harmonious combinations in the hue, saturation, and lightness color space in as few steps as possible. A pilot study with 20 participants has shown that this tool provides efficient workflow, color‐scheme harmony, and intuitive interaction, demonstrating the usefulness of the method. This work contributes to an artistic‐theory driven harmonious color‐scheme generation and to interactive user interfaces visualizing color relationships. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 70–78, 2014  相似文献   

8.
    
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of physical appearance attributes (in terms of color and shape) on our affective feelings of 2D and 3D objects. Twelve colors were studied, each consisting of 12 two‐dimensional and 12 three‐dimensional shapes. This resulted in 144 2D and 144 3D color‐shape combinations. Each color‐shape combination was assessed using 20 emotion scales in a viewing cabinet by a panel of observers with normal color vision. The results show that there are five underlying factors of these 20 scales, i.e., “activity,” “weight,” “heat,” “softness,” and “complexity”. The first three factors were mainly related to color and the other two were linked with shape. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 75–83, 2009.  相似文献   

9.
    
The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of area on color harmony in simulated interior spaces. The secondary aim of the study is to investigate how the term color harmony is defined and the link between color harmony and related terms used to define it. These terms can explain why a color scheme is evaluated as harmonious. Four sets of three-color combinations created by using the hues red, blue, yellow, green, purple, and orange were studied in a simulated office interior emphasizing different proportional use of each color. Firstly, participants evaluated harmony content of the images. Secondly, they evaluated each image regarding the terms related to color harmony. Findings indicated that area had an effect on color harmony for two of the color combinations (warm & cool). However, there were no strong but rather moderate and weak correlations between color harmony and the terms.  相似文献   

10.
    
Creating a satisfying quantitative color scheme is challenging for both novices and experts. Geovisualization often suffers from the misuse and misunderstanding of quantitative color schemes. This article presents an adaptive method to create ready‐to‐use quantitative schemes. A probability‐based method for color selection is presented to quantify the selection of quantitative colors from learning samples of varying popularity. To shape the color transitions, a regression analysis is performed to fit the mathematical curves for the transitions of hue, saturation, and brightness. Finally, the problem of creating satisfying quantitative schemes is translated into a multiconstraint optimization problem. A discretize‐and‐filter method is also presented to solve the optimization problem of globally identifying a suitable scheme in a continuous color space. The proposed method is evaluated with a case study, and the results indicate that the proposed method can derive satisfying schemes. In addition, the proposed method is adaptive to mapping feature, target reader and target device.  相似文献   

11.
    
In this article, we present a novel treemap coloring method which can help users to analyze visual data more easily. Our method overcomes two major limitations of existing treemaps in that they are either aesthetically unpleasing or unable to readily discriminate data blocks with close sizes. Our study indicates that the use of proper color schemes can surprisingly address these two seemingly uncorrelated limitations simultaneously. To improve the aesthetic value of a treemap, we apply the color aesthetic model to treemap generation. To better the degree of data discrimination of similar data, based on the principle of expansive and contractive colors, we propose a novel quantitative color‐visually perceived area (C‐VPA) model via experimental methods. Furthermore, we combine these two models to derive a genetic algorithm‐based treemap coloring method. Our experimental results confirm the superiority of our method in terms of improved data discrimination and aesthetics of the treemaps.  相似文献   

12.
    
A color selection method that considers subjective principles is becoming more and more necessary in a computer‐based color management system. However, one from an engineering perspective has received limited attention. Previously, we developed an approach to measure the degree of color harmony by the similarity of a pleasure‐related function, CLD (color linguistic distribution), to a RHD (reference harmony distribution) on a one‐dimensional image scale of EXCITING–CALM. Following this approach, a new color selection system is presented in this article by modulating the CLD on the image scale. The procedure used is to encode an inharmonious image as a CLD, then it is modulated and referred to as a RHD, called an imagery specification. Finally, the specified CLD is decoded and reconstructed as a harmonious image in an operated color space. Four types of RHD are compared: three ideal fuzzy sets scaled to extremely calm, quite calm, and slightly calm, and the practical one measured from social trends. For verification, the harmony grade of the decoded image can be measured based on the referred RHD. As a result, four times the harmonic degree of the decoded image is gained than the originally encoded one. For application purposes, the proposed system is suitable for applications related to human subjectivity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 20–31, 2000  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated the effect of contrast in neutral-, warm-, and cool-colored spaces on spatial memory. Spatial memory was measured in terms of architectural scale and recollection of architectural elements and furniture. Participants (N = 114) viewed a short virtual simulation video of a residential studio and were asked to sketch a map of the architectural elements on distributed grid paper. Spatial memory was measured in terms of scale, and item recall rate. Contrast and hue had no significant effect on the memorization of proportional scale. However, high-contrast schemes allowed for a significantly higher recollection of architectural elements than low-contrast schemes. In comparing the effect of hues, a significant difference was seen in recalling detailed furniture and lighting items. Participants reported significantly better spatial memory of neutral and warm color schemes than of cool color schemes. There was no interaction effect between contrast and hue in the color combinations. These results can be applied in the design of color schemes for architectural spaces requiring enhanced spatial cognition and memory.  相似文献   

14.
    
Color is an essential factor for perceiving objects and their interaction. There are many alternatives to color selection in interior design. Colors can be selected according to a user, physical characteristics of the space or a concept. In this context, research has been conducted on the interior color scheme preferences and emotional states with university students. It contains the findings obtained during an interior design exhibition, which was organized at the interior design department of the university. This exhibition was organized for sampling interior color information, selection methods, and using forms. For the exhibition, to be able to observe the changes in the perception of space and the effects of the color, the visuals were arranged according to different color selection methods in the same space. A survey was conducted during the exhibition to examine color scheme preferences and the relation with emotional states of students on interior designs. In the survey, students were asked whether they would prefer or not each interior space and which emotional state is expressed for each visual separately. The statistical analysis was made, and according to the answers given in the survey, comparative results appeared. It is concluded that the students who participate in the survey have meaningful relationships on the spatial color preferences, and differences are determined in emotional states.  相似文献   

15.
    
We performed subjective experiments to evaluate color matching performance of the Spectral Properties Estimation Model (SPEM) and six other models (von Kries, CIELAB, LLAB, RLAB, Nayatani, and CIECAM97s) between two CRT monitors whose whites were quite different. Moreover, we evaluated color matching of these models between a CRT monitor and a printed image set in a dark room. The SPEM we developed is a new chromatic adaptation model based on hypothetical spectral properties estimation. This article describes the subjective experiments and the results obtained. The SPEM produced good color matching performance in the experiments. The detailed algorithm of the SPEM is given in the Appendix. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 445–453, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10197  相似文献   

16.
    
Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantage of controllable light colors and provide the optimal lighting quality against various color attributes required in different environments. However, from the humanized design point of view, beside satisfying physical demands of people, it is also important to achieve satisfaction. With a good match between the LED lighting equipment and ambient colors, the space imagery that complies with psychological needs of human beings can be found. This is expected to become a new market direction for future lighting. In this study, the LED light source feature of adjustable correlated color temperature is used to match wall colors of typical commercial spaces and for the investigation and analysis of the impact of colors of light sources and environments on human beings. The measures of mental and subjective feelings of a group of people under various circumstances have also been investigated. Multivariate analysis of variance has been conducted on three color temperatures of light sources, six wall colors, and measures of five emotion adjectives, and the correlation between these three variables has been further investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 72–84, 2016  相似文献   

17.
形与色是组成图像的基本原素,医学摄影图像同其它一切图像一样存在色彩还原问题,在工作中怎样才能使图像的色彩保真传递,保证输出输入的一致,提高图片品质和工作效率是一项很重要的色彩管理技术。  相似文献   

18.
    
With the wide use of smart devices, through which information is presented in vast quantities, objective guidelines are needed to enable designers to choose appropriate colors for information display. The purpose of this study is to determine which colors are the most eye‐catching in displays that employ icon matrices and thereby provide empirical grounds for strengthening the visual information structure of interface designs. Three attributes of color, which include hue, tone, and color combinations, are examined to optimize the color saliency in information displays. An eye‐tracking study was conducted to evaluate saliency objectively by analyzing fixations of visual attention. Based on the hue‐saturation‐brightness color system, a 5‐by‐5 matrix of 25 color patches was adopted to generate 21 color stimuli. Part I of the study focused on hue and indicated that warm colors are perceptually more eye‐catching relative to cool and neutral colors. Part II of the study investigated tonal influences and revealed that highly saturated colors provoked the greatest visual magnetism against a black background across all hue groups, although there was an alternative tendency for a blue hue. Contrary to expectations, no distinctive patterns were observed among brightness groups. With regard to color combination, Part III of the study provided empirical verification that high contrast between a foreground and a background generates a more dominant conspicuity. The results of the present study can be applied in designing electronic interfaces that display icon matrices to create effective communication by guiding visual attention and increasing aesthetic satisfaction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 429–436, 2015  相似文献   

19.
    
Jacquard woven fabrics are made from colored yarns and different weaves for designing complex pictorial and other patterning effects. The final visualized color effect is the result of assigning weave designs to different areas of the pattern to be created. The current practice in creating Jacquard woven fabric designs is to produce many samples in a trial‐and‐error attempt to match artwork colors. An ability to simulate accurately the appearance of a design prior to manufacture is highly desirable to reduce trial‐and‐error sample production. No automated accurate digital color methodology is yet available to assist designers in matching the patterned woven fabric to the desired artwork. To achieve this, we developed a geometrical model to predict the color contribution of each yarn on the face of the fabric. The geometrical model combined with a Kubelka‐Munk based color mixing model allowed the prediction of the reflectance properties of the final color for a given design. We compared the predicted and experimental values of the reflectance properties for a range of fabrics using the same geometric model with three separate color mixing models. The geometrical model combined with a log‐based color mixing model produced reasonable agreement between predicted and measured ΔEab, with an average ΔEab of approximately five. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 225–232, 2009  相似文献   

20.
陈萍莉  刘强  滕冲 《磁记录材料》2011,(2):19-23,38
多光谱成像技术通过增加颜色通道的维数,克服了传统颜色复制方式在同色异谱方面的缺陷,成功的实现了基于光谱的颜色复制。然而,由于其颜色信息维数较高,此方法在提高色度精度的同时引入了较大的计算及存储压力。为此,最常用的方法就是通过特定的光谱分组度量对光谱数据进行分组,并利用每组光谱数据集中的主成分向量来对各个光谱曲线进行线性表示,从而实现数据的降维处理。本研究提出了一种全新的,基于主波长分组及BP神经网络寻址的光谱空间表示方法,并通过对具体光谱颜色数据集的向量表示,证明此方法在光谱颜色表达的方面的准确性。  相似文献   

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