γ-射线辐照Armos纤维对AFRC界面性能的影响

为改善Armos纤维和环氧树脂间的界面结合性能,采用对环氧树脂/丙酮溶液浸泡的Armos纤维进行γ-射线辐照改性处理,探索辐照剂量对其芳纶纤维增强复合材料(AFRC)界面性能的影响.研究结果表明:在辐照剂量200～1000kGy,AFRC的层间剪切强度(ILSS)和界面剪切强度(IFSS)均增加,且500kGy界面强度较未处理的提高幅度最大;经γ-射线辐照处理的芳纶纤维,表面氧含量有大幅度提高,使得纤维表面活性增大;辐照处理后纤维表面较未处理的纤维表面粗糙度有所增加;纳米硬度仪测试AFRC横断面纤维、界面和基体的纳米硬度,表明辐照可以提高复合材料的硬度.     

高能电子束辐照对NBR/PVC胶圈胶料性能的影响

采用高能电子束对丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)胶圈胶料进行辐照,研究不同辐照剂量对NBR/PVC胶圈胶料性能的影响。实验结果表明,生橡胶经高能电子束辐照后,焦烧时间随辐照剂量增大逐渐减小;NBR/PVC硫化胶经高能电子束辐照后,冲击弹性提高33%~67%,硬度提高4%~10%,拉伸强度提高8%左右,断裂伸长率下降6.7%~34.4%。单因素试验结果显示,50k~60kGy剂量辐照时,硫化胶拉伸强度提高幅度较大,压缩、拉伸永久变形和磨耗量下降,同时弹性、硬度均有提升。综合考虑,50k~60kGy剂量为辐照NBR/PVC胶圈硫化胶的最适剂量。     

γ辐照对纤维素纳米纤丝膜结构及性能的影响

目的 为了平衡60Coγ 射线辐照灭菌纤维素纳米纤丝(CNFs)膜的辐照剂量与薄膜性能之间的关系,探究60Coγ 射线辐照剂量对纤维素纳米纤丝(CNFs)膜结构和性能的影响,旨在得到对CNFs膜各项性能指标影响较小的辐照剂量.方法 以蔗渣浆板为原料,采用机械研磨法制备CNFs,采用浇筑法制备CNFs膜,用5～50 kGy的 γ 射线辐照CNFs膜,对膜的表面形貌、化学结构、结晶度、热稳定性、力学性能及阻隔性能等进行测定.结果 随着辐照剂量的增加,CNFs的纤丝状开始变得粗细不均,说明辐照致使CNFs发生了氧化降解;此外,经辐照处理的CNFs膜的拉伸强度下降,而弹性模量增强,当辐照剂量为5 kGy时,样品膜的拉伸强度仅仅降低了1.8％,而弹性模量增加了15.1％,此时CNFs膜的力学性能最优异;阻隔性实验结果表明,辐照对CNFs膜的阻隔性没有显著性影响,但经10 kGyγ 射线辐照处理的CNFs膜的氧气透过量和水蒸气透过量相较于未辐照处理的样品膜依次下降了约6.2％和4.1％,此时,样品膜阻隔性能最佳;此外,γ辐照会使CNFs膜的亲水性下降,结晶度增大,热稳定性降低.结论 适量的60Coγ 射线辐照可以使CNFs膜的刚性有一定程度的增加,且薄膜的其他各项性能受影响较小,60Coγ 射线辐照的CNFs膜在包装中具有一定的应用前景.     

辐照剂量对偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物结构和性能的影响

采用凝胶含量、凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振波谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、拉伸性能等表征手段,研究不同辐照剂量(60 kGy, 90 kGy, 120 kGy, 160 kGy和200 kGy)对辐照交联的偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(P(VDF-HFP))的结构、热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在60～200 kGy辐照范围内,随着辐照剂量的增大,P(VDF-HFP)中凝胶含量增加、交联度增加,而可溶解的未交联部分相对分子质量及其分布均减小;P(VDF-HFP)的熔融温度和热分解温度均降低,600℃残炭量增加;P(VDF-HFP)的力学性能在辐照剂量60 kGy时显著改善,且断裂伸长率随辐照剂量的增加而降低。本研究对P(VDF-HFP)形状记忆材料的性能提升和应用提供了有力的理论支持。     

电子束辐照交联热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)的研究

研究了电子束辐照对热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)性能的影响。对辐照前后的样品进行凝胶含量测试和力学性能测试,测试结果表明,电子束辐照能够使热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)交联,交联度随辐照剂量的增加而增大,并且能够改善其在常温下的力学性能。电子束辐照剂量在100~200kGy的范围内,交联度大于50%,拉伸强度提高较为明显。     

γ-射线辐照APMOC纤维对AFRP层间剪切强度的影响

采用γ-射线辐照方法对APMOC纤维进行改性处理．探索辐照条件对AFRP层间剪切强度（ILSS）的影响．结果表明,在低辐照剂量15－35kGy和高辐照剂量500kGy条件下,AFRP的ILSS的增加较大,辐照剂量率对ILSS影响不显著．     

γ辐照对PP膜表面适印性的影响

采用γ射线辐照的方法对pp膜进行了表面处理,并且对pp膜的表面张力、接触角以及油墨的附着力进行了测试.结果显示,随着辐照剂量的增加(0-25kGy)pp膜的表面张力逐渐增加;膜与油的接触角先减小后增加,在辐照剂量为5kGy时达到最小值(15.5°),而与水的接触角逐渐减小;油墨的附着力明显增加.     

γ辐照剂量和预压量对硅泡沫材料性能的影响

硅橡胶泡沫材料的减震吸能特性与其使用环境和使用状态密切相关,而目前有关辐照环境条件对材料性能的影响研究却很少。鉴此,本研究通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察和力学性能测试,研究了预压量和辐照剂量对硅橡胶泡沫材料性能的影响,并通过辐照前后材料应力-应变曲线中应力平台段宽度和平台应力大小的分析比较,进一步研究了辐照对材料减震吸能特性的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:辐照剂量为100kGy、预压量低于30%时硅橡胶泡沫材料性能和应力-应变曲线中应力平台段宽度的变化并不明显。而随着辐照剂量的增加,应力平台段的宽度逐渐减小,材料减震性能下降。从材料的宏观性能和微观结构来看,低辐照剂量下硅橡胶泡沫材料辐照损伤中交联效应占据优势,交联密度的增加使得材料硬度和强度的提高以及断裂伸长率的降低。而辐照剂量超过500kGy后,泡沫材料辐照损伤中降解效应占据优势,进而导致材料硬度和强度的降低以及断裂伸长率的提高。该研究为辐照前后材料性能评估提供了理论依据和手段。     

多壁碳纳米管的辐照处理及其对多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料热性能的影响

在空气中用高频高压电子加速器辐照多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),采用红外光谱、能谱分析、拉曼光谱和透射电镜表征分析辐照处理对碳纳米管结构的影响;通过原位复合法制备MWCNT/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料.采用场发射扫描电镜、热失重分析和动态力学分析研究辐照处理MWCNTs对环氧树脂热稳定性的影响.结果表明:电子束辐照处理使MWCNTs表面接入了少量的含氧基团,同时破坏了MWCNTs的完整结构,当辐照剂量为170 kGy时,接枝含氧基团的量最多(约为4％),且结构破坏程度较小.与原始MWCNT/EP体系相比,经电子束辐照处理后的MWCNTs在EP中分散得更均匀,并能使材料的最大热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度较纯EP有所提高,在EP中加入质量分数0.5％的经170kGy辐照处理后的MWCNTs,能够使材料的最大热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度分别提高约14℃和8℃.     

不同剂量γ辐照对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂热性能的影响

玻璃纤维增强树脂(GF/EP)因其良好的热绝缘性能和优异的力学性能,在高能物理和核物理实验领域作为支撑材料得到应用。高能物理和核物理实验会对支撑材料产生大量的γ和中子辐射,同时要求其保持热性能的稳定。本文对20kGy、100kGy和200kGy剂量的γ辐照下GF/EP的各项热学性能进行测试研究,包括热膨胀性能、导热性和热降解性能,并对辐照前后GF/EP的微观形貌进行观察。结果发现,辐照后,GF/EP的微观形貌发生变化,基体树脂产生碎片化,辐照后线膨胀范围缩小,线膨胀系数略有降低;导热系数降低,降低幅度随辐照剂量的增大而减小;热分解温度基本保持不变,最快热分解温度略有降低,γ辐照过程中同时发生辐照交联和辐照降解反应,但总体热学性能保持稳定,在使用温度范围内保持良好的稳定性。     

新型闪烁体的辐照效应

介绍了新型闪烁体辐照效应的研究进展,高能物理实验中使用的闪烁晶体（如ＰＷＯ、ＧＳＯ：Ｃe、CeF3等）用于强辐照环境,要求高辐照硬度。闪本在辐照后可能产生的变化主要有效：色心的形成、光输出改变、光输出均匀性的损伤、输出噪声增加、闪烁机制的变化。辐照效应的产生主要是晶体的缺陷所致,提高闪烁体辐照硬度的主要方法有退火、漂白、掺杂、控制晶体生长条件等,本文对此均作了较系统的综述了,同时也简介了研究辐照效应的实验方法：光谱分析法、热释光法、电子顺磁共振法、正电子湮没技术。     

Electron beam irradiation effect on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 on carbon nanofibers

The electron beam (EB) irradiation effects of TiO2 deposited on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were studied aiming the improvement of the photocatalytic activity. The EB irradiation contributed to an increase in crystallinity of the anatase resulting an improvement of the photocatalytic activity through the oxidation (ionization) of the doped TiO2 and leading to uniform distribution TiO2 particles on the CNFs surface. The photoactivity of the catalyst was measured by the decoloration of the methylene blue (MB) with time under UV irradiation.     

纳米TiO2对真空紫外辐照下MQ增强硅橡胶力学性能的影响

采用空间综合辐照模拟设备研究了纳米TiO2对真空紫外辐照下MQ(MQ硅树脂是由单官能硅氧单元(R3SiO0.5,简称M单元)和四官能硅氧单元(SiO2,简称Q单元)组成的有机硅树脂),增强硅橡胶力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,真空紫外辐照后,硅橡胶表面颜色加深,同时出现裂纹,裂纹数量随辐照剂量的增加而增加;在试验的辐照剂量范围内,硅橡胶的硬度和拉伸强度随辐照剂量的增加先增加而后降低,断裂伸长率则先降低而后增加。橡胶的模量和玻璃化转变温度也会发生不同变化。添加纳米TiO2的硅橡胶与未改性硅橡胶相比,经过相同剂量的辐照后,表面裂纹损伤程度减小,硬度和力学性能的损伤程度下降,表现出明显的抗真空紫外辐照性能。     

Effect of intense laser and energetic ion irradiation on Raman modes of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

The effects of intense laser and energetic ion irradiation on Raman vibrational modes of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes have been investigated. The intensity ratio of D and G modes decreases with increase in laser power density and remains almost constant with decrease of laser power density. The intensity ratio of D mode to G mode for ion irradiated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes decreases at low fluence (4 × 10¹¹ ions/cm²) and increases further with increase in ion fluence. The results show that ion irradiation at low fluence and laser irradiation lead to purification/ordering of the nanotubes.     

利用等离子体预处理增强涤纶织物电子束辐照亲水改性的效果

利用电子束辐照接枝亲水性单体可提高涤纶织物的亲水性,但涤纶大分子本身结构规整且结晶度较高,造成改性时接枝率偏低,引入预处理可以提高改性效果。先通过正交试验得到等离子体预处理的最佳方案,再分别对涤纶织物原样、无预处理接枝改性和经等离子体预处理后接枝改性的涤纶织物进行接枝率、回潮率、接触角、红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的测试,结果表明,相比无预处理直接进行接枝改性的涤纶织物,增加等离子体预处理可以使接枝率提高1.64倍,回潮率增加75%,接触角也由87.95°急剧减小以至于无法测出具体数值,亲水性有了更为明显的改善。此外,断裂强力和白度测试结果也表明,辐照接枝前引入等离子体预处理对涤纶织物的物理性能影响较小,均在可接受范围内。     

猪肉包装用新鲜度指示卡研究

选用溴甲酚紫为指示剂,制备了一种应用于冷鲜猪肉包装的新鲜度指示卡。将制备的新鲜度指示卡置于50,100,150 g 3种不同质量的猪肉包装中,由挥发性盐基氮表示猪肉的新鲜程度,色差与感官评定分数标示指示卡的颜色变化,观察猪肉的新鲜程度与指示卡颜色变化的相关性,从而判断指示卡的有效性。试验结果表明,所制备的新鲜度指示卡色差变化与猪肉挥发性盐基氮变化呈线性关系,并且不受包装猪肉质量的影响;当猪肉新鲜度降低到一定程度时,指示卡由黄色变为绿色。因此,所制备的新鲜度指示卡可以用于指示包装猪肉的新鲜程度。     

Application of accelerated electron beam and microwave irradiation to biological waste treatment

The comparative results obtained by applying separate electron beam (EB) irradiation, separate microwave (MW) heating and combined (successive and simultaneous) electron beam irradiation and microwave heating to reduction of viable cells of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Trichinella spiralis are presented. The results of studies concerning the disinfection by separate and combined EB and MW irradiation of sewage sludge performed from a food industry wastewater treatment station (vegetable oil plant) are also presented. The research results demonstrated that the simultaneous EB and MW irradiation produces the biggest reduction of microorganisms.     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on structure and properties of SiCN thin films prepared by plasma assisted radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Silicon carbon nitride thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrate at room temperature by plasma assisted radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The bonding structure and properties of SiCN films irradiated by pulsed electron beams were studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nano-indentation. The results showed that electron beam irradiation had a great effect on the structure and property of the films. Under sputtering gas pressure of 3.7 Pa, a transition from the (Si,C)N_x bonded structure to the (Si,C)₃N₄ bonded structure was found in the SiCN thin film with electron beam irradiation. At sputtering gas pressure of 6.5 Pa, the enhancement of hardness in the SiCN film after treatment with electron beam irradiation resulted from the promotion of the sp³-hybridization of carbons bonds.     

Study of the degradation behaviour of dimethoate under microwave irradiation

In this work, the degradation of dimethoate under microwave irradiation assisted advanced oxidation processes (MW/oxidants) were studied. The efficiencies of the degradation of dimethoate in dilute aqueous solutions for a variety of oxidants with or without MW irradiation were compared. The results showed that the synergistic effects between MW and K(2)S(2)O(8) had high degradation efficiency for dimethoate. Simultaneously, UV/TiO(2)/K(2)S(2)O(8) photocatalytic oxidation degradation of dimethoate was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the method of microwave degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of oxidant could reduce reaction time and improve product yield. Microwave irradiation was an advisable choice for treating organic wastewaters and has a widely application perspective for non- or low-transparent and fuscous dye wastewaters.     

A facile one-step synthesis of TiO2/graphene composites for photodegradation of methyl orange

TiO₂/graphene composite photocatalysts have been prepared by a simple liquid phase deposition method using titanium tetrafluoride and electron beam (EB) irradiation-pretreated graphene as the raw materials. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of varying the synthesis parameters such as graphene content, concentration of titanium tetrafluoride solution and irradiation dose were investigated. It was found that the preparation conditions had a significant effect on the structure and properties of the final products. The irradiated graphene was covered with petal-like anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles, which were more uniform and smaller in size than those in products synthesized without EB irradiation-pretreated graphene. The photocatalytic activities of the products were evaluated using the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange as a probe reaction. The results showed that the products synthesized using EB irradiation-pretreated graphene exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than those using graphene without EB irradiation pretreatment.