三维夹芯层连织物透波复合材料性能研究

考察了玻璃纤维三维夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯(CE)复合材料的透波性能, 并与夹芯层连织物/环氧树脂复合材料和蜂窝夹层结构复合材料进行了对比。研究发现: 实验频段范围内三维夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的平均透波率高于蜂窝夹层结构复合材料和夹芯层连织物/环氧树脂复合材料; 夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的透波率受电磁波入射角度影响较小, 并且在芯柱高度为8 mm时有最大值, 平行经向入射的透波率略大于平行纬向入射的透波率, 8~12 GHz频率的透波率略大于12~18 GHz的透波率; 由于反射作用, 面板增强后夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的透波率下降明显。      

三维连体织物格栅夹芯材料力学特性实验研究

以三维连体织物格栅夹芯材料为研究对象, 研究其在平压、 剪切载荷作用下的力学特性与破坏模式, 并考察格栅分布密度、 厚度和泡沫填充等对力学性能的影响, 揭示纤维芯柱间的协同作用。结果表明: 三维连体织物格栅复合材料及其夹芯材料平压及剪切性能随芯柱纬向间距的增大而减小; 三维连体织物格栅夹芯材料芯柱之间的协同作用随着芯柱纬向间距的增大而逐渐增大; 大厚度三维连体织物格栅复合材料平压破坏模式主要为芯柱失稳, 最终芯柱断裂破坏, 剪切破坏模式为芯柱受剪根部断裂。     

树脂基体配比对三维织物夹芯复合材料力学性能的影响

以玻璃纤维为原料,采用改良的三维织造工艺织制三维夹芯织物。以环氧树脂E-51、固化剂聚醚胺H023组成树脂基体,采用手糊成型工艺制备三维织物夹芯复合材料。对三维织物夹芯复合材料的力学性能进行研究,并分析不同树脂基体配比(环氧树脂∶固化剂)为2∶1、3∶1、4∶1时,对复合材料的压缩与弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:树脂基体配比为3∶1时,材料的压缩强度和弯曲强度最大;随着聚醚胺含量的减少,材料的压缩弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量逐渐增大;对比改良前的三维织造工艺与改良后的织造工艺所制备的材料,后者的力学性能优于前者。     

三维织物间隔复合材料的力学性能

三维织物间隔复合材料是一种由垂向机织物连接两个平行织物平面的三维机织间隔复合材料,具有整体性好、可设计性强等特点。以玻璃纤维、碳纤维为原料,对三维间隔织物的结构进行设计,制备三维织物间隔复合材料,研究材料在平压和三点弯曲载荷作用下的力学特性,并分析纤维种类、夹芯层间距等结构参数对材料压缩、弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着夹芯层间距的增加,材料的压缩强度逐渐降低;材料的弯曲强度也逐渐降低,且纬向弯曲强度大于经向;采用碳纤维与玻璃纤维分别作为纬纱进行织造,前者制备的复合材料的压缩和弯曲强度均高于后者。     

树脂基体种类对三维中空夹芯织物复合材料力学性能影响的研究

以不饱和树脂和环氧树脂为基体,与三维中空织物分别复合成中空夹芯织物复合材料,利用万能材料试验机分别对2种复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲性能进行测试,研究了树脂种类对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:不饱和树脂与固化剂质量比为100∶2,固化温度为70℃时,复合材料具有最佳的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能。环氧树脂基复合材料的弯曲和压缩性能远优于不饱和树脂基复合材料,而拉伸性能则相差不大。     

炭纤维织物复合材料微结构超声成像方法

超声波在炭纤维织物复合材料中树脂囊界面声压反射系数可达 21 %,在层间界面的反射则与树脂层的厚度和声波频率有关,在缺陷界面则会产生绝对反射。研究了入射声波在织物复合材料内部树脂囊、编织纤维束和层间界面产生的声波反射信息,揭示织物复合材料内部铺层和层间界面微结构的三维分布特征。结果表明,采用高分辨率超声成像方法,可以较好地再现织物复合材料中的树脂囊和纤维束形状、取向、铺层方向及层间界面等三维分布特征,为织物复合材料提供一种有效的微结构表征和缺陷检测方法。      

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测与试验验证

基于材料细观结构,建立了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的刚度预测模型,并进行了刚度性能的相关试验验证。其中,对缝纫复合材料层合面板部分,考虑了缝纫角对单胞尺寸和富脂区大小的影响,以及缝纫前后层合面板厚度的变化对复合材料面板纤维体积含量的影响,采用改进的纤维弯曲模型计算了缝纫复合材料层合面板的刚度;对缝纫增强的泡沫夹芯部分,把缝线树脂柱看作是泡沫基体中的增强相,将其简化为特殊的单向增强复合材料,提出了用串并联组合模型来预测其刚度。试验测试了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板试件的刚度。应用本文模型对缝纫层合面板和缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的刚度进行预测,结果均与试验结果吻合较好。采用理论模型系统研究了缝纫参数和结构参数对缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料刚度的影响。     

三维机织夹芯复合材料的制备与压缩性能研究

以玻璃纤维为原料,采用2个系统经纱(一个为上下表层经纱,另一个为夹芯层经纱)、1个系统纬纱,在SU111型全自动剑杆织机上制织经向截面为“口”字形的新型三维夹芯织物.以环氧树脂E-44与9055型固化剂为基体体系,采用手糊成型工艺将上述机织物复合制成三维机织夹芯复合材料.研究三维机织夹芯复合材料的压缩性能,分析材料结构与压缩性能之间的关系,并与“8”字形中空复合材料进行比较.结果表明,芯材间距为5mm的“8”字形中空复合材料的压缩强度高于芯材间距为25 mm的三维机织夹芯复合材料,但是后者的弹性模量高于前者.实验结果对该类结构材料的优化设计与力学性能研究具有极其重要的指导价值.     

复合材料夹芯梁屈曲破坏模式及极限承载

为研究复合材料夹芯梁在轴压作用下的屈曲、后屈曲特性及承载能力,进行了试验研究与有限元仿真。首先,开展了系列复合材料夹芯梁屈曲特性试验,研究了铺层比例、梁长度、表层厚度及芯层厚度等因素对其屈曲、后屈曲破坏模式及极限承载的影响;然后,基于非线性屈曲理论,采用三维内聚力界面单元模拟面芯脱粘,并引入初始预变形及材料损伤准则对复合材料夹芯梁在轴压下的屈曲特性及极限承载进行仿真研究。结果显示:界面脱粘是屈曲破坏的重要模式;仿真计算的极限承载与试验结果相比,误差控制在10%以内。所得结论表明该方法可有效预报复合材料夹芯梁的后屈曲路径、破坏模式及极限承载。      

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的稳定性分析

整体屈曲是缝纫复合材料夹芯板的一种重要失效模式。考虑到缝纫夹芯复合材料板一般较厚且面板与芯层厚度相差较大, 缝纫工艺对夹芯板刚度影响较大的特点, 基于高阶剪切理论, 编制了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性分析的有限元程序。利用该程序对多个算例进行了计算, 所得临界屈曲应力与文献及试验结果吻合很好。同时, 讨论了不同边界条件下缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性随缝纫参数(包括针距、 行距和缝纫针半径)以及结构参数(包括面板铺层角、 芯层厚度和缝纫夹芯板边长)的变化规律。      

Lateral Compressive Properties of Spacer Fabric Composites with Different Cell Shapes

Spacer fabrics belong to the category of 3D hollow structures, and consist of two separate fabric layers that are connected with pile yarns or fabric layers maintaining hollow space between adjacent connecting yarns or fabric layers. In this study, spacer structures connected with woven cross-links having three different cross-sections of the hollow tunnels: rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular, along the weft direction, were produced using 600 tex E-glass tows. All the sections of the structures were plain 2D fabrics with all constituent layers having the same construction. These fabric structures were then converted to composites, with epoxy resin as matrix, using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) technique. The produced composite samples were characterized for their lateral compressive properties. This study provides an insight into the production of sandwich structures connected with woven cross-links, and their load bearing capabilities. The results indicated that the compressive strength of structure depends mainly on the thickness of the cell walls and its angle with the horizontal layer.     

Influence of three-dimensional (3D) fabric orientation on flexural properties of cement-based composites

This research studied the flexural behavior of textile reinforced cement-based composites reinforced with 3D fabrics. Three different 3D fabrics were examined, each with a different orientation of the spacer yarns. This work focused on the influences involved in the two plane fabric directions, weft and warp. Plain 2D fabrics (not in cement) and within the cement were also examined for comparison. It was found that the warp direction of the plain fabric has higher tensile strength than the weft direction. On the contrary, when the fabric is in a composite, the weft direction presents improved behavior in flexure due to three mechanisms: the tightening of the warp bundles by the loops, the waviness of the warp yarns, and the angle of the yarns located along the composite thickness to the loading direction. In general, compared with 2D fabrics, 3D fabrics are highly beneficial reinforcements for cement-based composites due to their greater reinforcing efficiency via mechanical anchoring.     

三维缝合复合材料研究进展

三维缝合复合材料是指使用缝合的方式在厚度方向上将织物连接成三维结构,再通过树脂传递模塑等工艺浸渍固化缝合后得到的三维织物。介绍了宏细观角度下三维缝合复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、层间剪切及冲击后压缩等力学性能的主要研究成果,并对其湿热、机械连接性能进行探讨,总结了三维缝合复合材料目前的应用现状,对三维缝合复合材料的发展研究方向进行了展望。     

Effect of Structure on the Mechanical Behaviors of Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabric Composites

Three-dimensional (3-D) spacer fabric composite is a newly developed sandwich structure, the reinforcement of which is integrally woven by advanced textile technique. Two facesheets of 3-D spacer fabric are connected by continuous fibers, named pile in the core, providing excellent properties like outstanding integrity, debonding resistance, light weight, good designability and so on. Usually the 3-D spacer fabric composite without extra reinforcement is a kind of core material. In comparison with the facesheet reinforced spacer fabric composite, here the composite without additional weaves is called mono-spacer fabric composite. In this paper, two kinds of mono-spacer fabric composites with integrated hollow cores have been developed, one with 8-shaped piles and the other with corrugated piles. The mechanical characteristics and the damage modes of these mono-spacer fabric composites under different load conditions have been investigated. Besides, effects of pile height, pile distribution density and pile structure on the composites mechanical performances were analyzed. It is shown that the mechanical performances of mono-spacer fabric composites can be widely adapted to the respective requirements through the choice of the structural factors.     

Variation of part thickness and compaction pressure in vacuum infusion process

In vacuum infusion (VI), it is difficult to manufacture a composite part with small dimensional tolerances, since the thickness of the part changes during resin injection. This change of thickness is due to the effect of varying compaction pressure on the upper mold part, a vacuum bag. In this study, random fabric layers with an embedded core distribution medium is used. The thickness of the composite part and resin pressure are monitored using multiple dial gages and pressure transducers; the results are compared with the model developed by Correia et al. [Correia NC, Robitaille F, Long AC, Rudd CD, Simacek P, Advani SG. Analysis of the vacuum infusion molding process: I. Analytical formulation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 26, 2005. p. 1645–1656]. To use this model, two material characteristics databases are constructed based on the process parameters: (i) the thickness of a dry/wet fabric preform at different compaction pressures, and (ii) the permeability of the preform at different thicknesses. The dry-compacted preform under vacuum is further compacted due to fiber settling in wet form after resin reaches there; the part thickens afterwards as the resin pressure increases locally. The realistic model solution can be achieved only if the compaction characterization experiments are performed in such a way that the fabric is dry during loading, and wet during unloading, as in the actual resin infusion process. The model results can be used to design the process parameters such as vacuum pressure and locations of injection and ventilation tubes so that the dimensional tolerances can be kept small.     

VARI工艺成型纤维增强树脂复合材料层合板厚度和纤维体积分数的影响因素

分析了影响真空辅助成型技术（VARI）工艺成型复合材料的纤维体积分数和厚度均匀性的关键因素,即VARI成型工艺的树脂流动控制形式、纤维预制体状态、织物状态、树脂黏度,通过试验分析了各因素对VARI成型复合材料厚度和纤维体积分数的影响。试验结果表明,采用HFVI（high fiber-volume vacuum infusion）工艺、BA9914树脂及真空处理后的U3160单向机织物成型的纤维增强树脂复合材料层合板,其纤维体积分数和厚度均匀性能够接近预浸料/热压罐成型的复合材料制件的水平。     

玻璃纤维增强体形式对酚醛泡沫性能的影响

针对酚醛泡沫脆性大、强度低等缺点,采用3种不同增强形式的玻璃纤维增强体,即短切玻璃纤维(SGF)、酚醛树脂浸渍固化的玻璃纤维针(GFN)及三维间隔连体织物,对酚醛泡沫进行增强.研究了纤维含量和纤维长度对酚醛泡沫压缩性能的影响规律,对比了不同增强形式纤维增强酚醛泡沫复合材料的压缩性能与保温性能.结果表明:当SGF长度为3 mm,与基体质量比为5%时,SGF增强酚醛泡沫的比压缩强度最佳,较纯泡沫的提高了21%;GFN(长度5 mm,与基体质量比为25%)增强酚醛泡沫的比强度提高8%;三维间隔连体织物增强酚醛泡沫的比强度虽略有下降,但其压缩强度(0.239 MPa)达到了承重类酚醛泡沫的要求.SGF和GFN增强的酚醛泡沫的热导率与纯酚醛泡沫的相比略有上升,但仍符合高效保温材料的要求;三维间隔连体织物增强酚醛泡沫的热导率上升明显.     

Preparation and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube grafted glass fabric/epoxy multi-scale composites

In the present paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were chemically grafted onto surfaces of the amino silane treated glass fabric by a novel chemical route for the first time to create 3D network on the glass fibers. The chemical bonding process was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The glass fabric/CNT/epoxy multi-scale composite laminates were fabricated with the CNT grafted fabrics using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding. Tensile tests were conducted on fabricated multi-scale composites, indicating the grafting CNTs on glass fabric resulted a decrease (11%) in ultimate tensile strength while toughness of the multi-scale composite laminates were increased up to 57%. Flexural tests revealed that the multi-scale composite laminates prepared with CNT grafted glass fabric represent recovering after first load fall. The interfacial reinforcing mechanisms were discussed based on fracture morphologies of the multi-scale composites.     

三维角联锁机织复合材料经纬向剪切性能有限元分析

本文使用三维绘图软件Pro/E 5.0构建出三维浅交弯联机织复合材料在经纬向模型,借助有限元软件ANSYS分别对其施加相同大小的剪切载荷作用,通过数值模拟的方法计算出复合材料及其纤维与树脂组分的剪切应力、应变分布情况。通过对其应力、应变分布情况的分析,探究三维浅交弯联机织复合材料在经纬向剪切载荷作用下的力学行为,并预测其破坏模式。结果表明:复合材料在纬向的剪切性能好于经向;纤维作为主要承载体表现出较大的剪切应力与较小的剪切应变;复合材料在剪切载荷作用下的破坏形式主要为复合材料的倾斜、坍塌及分层、纤维的脆断、树脂的破碎及纤维与树脂间的脱粘。