共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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采用毛细显微摄像技术,对乳状液膜系统的稳定性进行了微观研究并分析了稳定性对液膜分离效率的影响. 实验中将含重金属离子Cr(VI)的工业废水作为外水相,采用TBP-Span80-煤油体系作为油膜相,NaOH溶液作为内水相,制备了单个W1/O/W2型双重乳液颗粒系统,通过显微镜直观、实时地观察不同组成的双重乳液系统的稳定性,同时采用此乳状液膜体系对废水中的Cr(VI)进行了去除实验,将实验与机理研究相结合,通过研究pH值、表面活性剂、载体及内水相组成等对乳状液膜稳定性和Cr(VI)提取率的影响,阐明了液膜稳定性与液膜法去除Cr(VI)的分离效率之间的内在联系. 实验结果表明,在选择条件下,经过一次性处理10 min后,Cr(VI)的提取率可达99.3%以上,残余质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准. 相似文献
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采用毛细显微摄像技术,对乳状液膜系统的稳定性进行了微观研究并分析了稳定性对液膜分离效率的影响.实验中将含重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的工业废水作为外水相,采用TBp-Span80-煤油体系作为油膜相,NaOH溶液作为内水相,制备了单个W1/O/W2型双重乳液颗粒系统,通过显微镜直观、实时地观察不同组成的双重乳液系统的稳定性,同时采用此乳状液膜体系对废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行了去除实验,将实验与机理研究相结合,通过研究pH值、表面活性剂、载体及内水相组成等对乳状液膜稳定性和Cr(Ⅵ)提取率的影响,阐明了液膜稳定性与液膜法去除Cr(Ⅵ)的分离效率之间的内在联系.实验结果表明,在选择条件下,经过一次性处理10 min后,Cr(Ⅵ)的提取率可达99.3%以上,残余质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准. 相似文献
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用浓盐酸溶解富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿,得到含稀土离子的磷矿浸出液,以P204为载体、Span80或T154作表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内水相解析剂制成的乳状液膜对酸解液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度对稀土提取率的影响及磷矿浸出液中不同浓度稀土离子在不同酸度下的分离提取情况. 结果表明,液膜中最佳载体浓度为12%(j),最佳表面活性剂浓度为4%(j),随外水相pH值增大,液膜对稀土离子的提取率提高,外水相稀土离子浓度为100 mg/L,pH=1时,其提取率可达79.93%. 相似文献
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乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
建立了用W/O型乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱——N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的方法。通过对迁移时间、表面活性剂Span 80用量、载体D2EHPA浓度、油内比、乳水比和内水相盐酸浓度的优化,获得了高效的液膜体系,为:迁移时间2.5 min,表面活性剂Span 80的质量分数为3.0%,载体D2EHPA的浓度为0.01 mol/L,油内比为10∶6,乳水比为10∶60,内水相盐酸浓度为0.2 mol/L。在优化的实验条件下,对荷叶中3种生物碱N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的萃取率分别达到了95.6%、100%和97.9%,相应的富集因子依次为8.73、8.50和8.04。说明该乳状液膜体系能够很好地分离提取荷叶中的N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱。 相似文献
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通过以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯/氧化三辛基膦(D2EHPA/TOPO)为流动载体,磺化聚丁二烯(LYF)为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜增溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,盐酸为内水相的W/O型乳液,与含La(Ⅲ)的磷酸的外水相进行萃取的过程,制备了W/O/W的双重乳化液膜体系,用单因素法考察了载体浓度,表面活性剂浓度,内相酸度,水乳比等对液膜提取率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,迁移率达94.21%以上。并以单浓度递变斜率法研究了载体浓度,表面活性剂浓度,磷酸浓度,H2PO4^-浓度,水相平衡H^+浓度对分配比的影响,推导出了该乳化液膜的传质机理所经历的步骤。传质机理中包括萃取-反萃表达式,和协萃物组成La(H2PO4)L2(HL)2·(H3PO4)·2TOPO。 相似文献
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以聚异丁二烯双丁酰亚胺(T-154)为表面活性剂制备乳状液膜,研究其对废水中苯酚的分离富集效果。通过单因素法和正交实验优选了乳状液膜的制备条件,即:V(T-154)∶V(液体石蜡)∶V(煤油)=4∶2∶30,质量分数3%的Na OH溶液为内水相,油内比为1∶2(体积比);将最优条件下制备的乳状液膜用于对废水中苯酚的分离富集条件为:溶液p H=6,乳水比为1∶4(体积比),富集时间为15 min;在该条件下加标回收率为96%~98%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)为3.7%~4.8%。 相似文献
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Ekapong Uedee Prakorn Ramakul Ura Pancharoen Anchaleeporn W. Lothongkum 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(6):1486-1494
The extraction and recovery or stripping of mercury ions from chloride media using microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber supported
liquid membranes (HFSLM) has been studied. Tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in kerosene was used as an extractant. Sodium
hydroxide was used as a stripping solution. The transport system was studied as a function of several variables: the concentration
of hydrochloric acid in the feed solution, the concentration of TOA in the liquid membrane, the concentration of sodium hydroxide
in the stripping solution, the concentration of mercury ions in the feed solution and the flow rates of both feed and stripping
solutions. The results indicated that the maximum percentages of the extraction and recovery of mercury ions of 100% and 97%
were achieved at the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the feed solution of 0.1 mol/l, the concentration of TOA at 3% v/v, the concentration of sodium hydroxide at 0.5 mol/l and the flow rates of the feed and stripping solutions of 100 ml/min. However, the concentration of mercury ions from 1–100
ppm in the feed solution had no effect on the percentages of extraction and recovery of mercury ions. Thus, these results
have identified that the hollow fiber supported liquid membrane process has high efficiency on both the extraction and recovery
of mercury (II) ions. Moreover, the mass transfer coefficients of the aqueous phase (k
i
) and membrane or organic phase (k
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) were calculated. The mass transfer coefficients of the aqueous phase and organic phase are 0.42 and 1.67 cm/s, respectively.
The mass transfer coefficient of the organic phase is higher than that of the aqueous phase. Therefore, the mass transfer
controlling step is the diffusion of the mercury ions through the film layer between the feed solution and the liquid membrane. 相似文献
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针对阿司匹林(ASA)结晶母液经处理后产生的废液,采用搅拌和超声结合的方法制备了乳化液膜体系来回收ASA。以环己烷为膜溶剂,Span80做表面活性剂,石蜡做膜稳定剂,氢氧化钠(NaOH)为内水相,研究了表面活性剂浓度、内水相NaOH浓度、内水相类型、外相pH、油内比、乳水比、搅拌速度、膜溶剂类型、盐浓度、ASA初始浓度等试验条件对ASA萃取效果的影响,并进行了破乳研究。结果表明:在最佳实验条件下[环己烷90%(质量分数)、Span80 6%(质量分数)、C(NaOH)=0.1mol/L、油内比1:1、水乳比1:4、搅拌速度200r/min、ASA初始浓度500mg/L],不对外相进行pH调节时,15min后ASA的萃取率可高达97.4%。对实验后的乳液进行离心破乳,20min后破乳率可达72.9%,破乳后的油相重复利用5次后,对ASA的提取率仍在76%左右。 相似文献
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磷酸三丁酯/煤油支撑液膜体系中苯酚的传质分离 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了苯酚在以多孔聚丙烯平板膜(Celgard2500)为支撑体、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为膜载体和煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜体系中的传质过程;用传统萃取法测定了TBP/煤油体系中苯酚络合物摩尔比为1∶1,同时得到25.0℃萃取平衡常数为96.72;考察了原料相pH值、初始质量浓度、膜二侧转速、载体浓度和反萃取相碱浓度对苯酚传质的影响,确定了该体系分离苯酚的最佳条件:原料相pH<9,苯酚初始质量浓度<1 000 mg/L,膜二侧转速>300 r/m in,载体浓度为0.55 mol/L,反萃取相碱浓度0.10 mol/L;根据双膜理论提出苯酚的传质动力学方程,采用直线斜率法计算了苯酚在TBP/煤油支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度和膜内扩散系数,计算结果表明动力学方程计算值能较好地与实验值吻合,平均相对误差在2%以内。 相似文献
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Hydrogen sulfide was separated from highly saline wastewater by emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs). Such membranes consist of polyalkenyl succinimide as emulsifying agent, diethanolamine as carrier, kerosene as membrane, and sodium hydroxide as stripping solution. The effect of four surfactants on the stability of ELMs was investigated and every operational parameter was tested. The highest achievable separation efficiency was 99.73 % for a 100 mg L–1 solution. Obviously, the salinity of the external phase has a negligible effect on the separation of H2S using ELMs. 相似文献
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乳化液膜提取柠檬酸及其溶胀的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文研究了采用W/O型乳化液膜提取水溶液中的柠檬酸,同时研究了柠檬酸提取过程中水的传质行为(乳液溶胀)。考察了表面活性剂、载体、反萃剂Na2CO3、柠檬酸浓度对柠檬酸传质和乳液溶胀的影响。实验结果表明:萃取率随载体和内相试剂浓度的增加而增加;当载体和初始柠檬酸浓度较高时,乳液更易于溶胀,由此得出了除渗透压造成的乳液溶胀外,溶质与载体形成的络合物也能促成乳液的溶胀。提出了分离浓缩柠檬酸的最佳乳液配方 相似文献
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In the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by liquid emulsion membrane, we investigated the effect of surfactants and
their concentrations, volume ratio of the internal phase to surfactant solution and sodium hydroxide concentration of the
internal phase on the removal efficiency and membrane stability by using ultrasonic homogenization and mechanical stirring.
Using an ultrasonic homogenizer, the highest removal was achieved at the emulsification time of 30 sec and the amplitude of
48.5 μm. The removal efficiency by the ultrasonic homogenizer was higher than that by mechanical stirring. 相似文献