下行多点协作传输系统中基于大尺度信道的协作用户选择

研究下行多点协作传输系统中的协作用户选择问题.首先分析下行多基站协作系统中空域满复用服务多用户的必要性,而后研究满复用传输时的协作用户选择方法,被选为一组的用户在相同的时频资源上由多个基站以协作空分多址的方式服务.分析表明,每个被服务用户的平均接收信干噪比与相邻协作小区内被服务用户的大尺度信干比成递增关系.在此基础上,提出一种基于大尺度信干比的协作用户选择方法.仿真结果表明,与现有基于大尺度信道信息的用户选择方法相比,所提出的方法以较小的小区平均数据率损失为代价,大幅度提升了小区边缘用户数据率.     

基于信干噪比的D2D通信功率控制与资源分配

为了优化长期演进(LTE)系统引入设备直传(D2D)通信后带来的同频干扰、系统边缘用户性能恶化问题,提出一种基于信干噪比(SINR)的多小区D2D通信资源分配方案,通过调整信干噪比阈值将部分蜂窝用户(CU)转化为D2D用户并释放频谱资源进而获得较佳的资源分配策略,同时提出一种基于小区间D2D竞争机制的配置算法有效降低小区间干扰.仿真表明,算法能够有效提升系统容量,并提升小区边缘D2D用户公平性.     

CoMP中联合传输技术的研究

协作多点传输与接收(Coordinated Multiple Point transmission and reception,CoMP)技术作为提高小区吞吐量尤其是小区边缘用户吞吐量的关键技术,目前已经成为LTE-Advanced的研究热点之一。就其中基于SU-MIMO的下行联合传输(CoMP-SU-MIMO)技术进行了研究,分析了系统模型,提出了用户信干噪比(SINR)的计算方法。最后对系统进行了系统级仿真,并通过与传统的SU-MIMO性能比较,得出了联合传输技术在提高边缘用户性能和小区吞吐量方面的优势。     

分布式小区架构结合STBC的小区间干扰协调策略

针对分布式小区架构的小区间干扰抑制问题,提出了一种结合空时分组码(STBC)的小区间干扰协调策略.该策略一方面通过小区间干扰协调对一个小区的可用频率资源进行某种限制,从而提高相邻小区在这些资源上的信干比和小区边缘的数据速率.另一方面,针对分布式小区架构的多天线技术优势,通过在多天线结构中使用STBC编码获得分集增益,进一步提高小区边缘用户性能.为了减少多天线同时服务引入的额外干扰,只有当用户收到的来自多个小区的信号强度相差不大时,才使用STBC编码.否则,选用一个信号强度最大的小区为用户提供服务.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法有效地提高了系统吞吐量,特别是小区边缘用户的吞吐量.     

LTE—AdvancedCoMP中自适应动态小区选择方案

为了提高小区边缘用户的性能,满足小区边缘频谱效率的要求,LTE—Advanced系统中引入了协作多点传输技术（ CoMP, Coordinated Multi- Point transmission）。提出一种新的下行协作方案,该算法首先判定网络中的用户类型,其次为小区边缘用户选择协作集合。此方案利用信干噪比（SINR, Signal- to- Interference plus Noise Ratio）阈值自适应的确定协作小区的数量,能有效避免不必要的协作,能降低系统的信息传输负担。仿真结果表明,提出的算法相比已经存在的算法能够明显改善协作效率同时能够降低基站间的信息传输负担。     

TD-LTE理想网络结构研究

TD-LTE与2G和3G不同的是,LTE使用OFDMA,其特点是小区内不存在载波间干扰,主要干扰来自于同频干扰造成的小区间干扰。TDLTE规划指标体系主要包括覆盖和容量两大类指标:覆盖指标除关注场强指标参考信号接收功率RSRP外,还应重点关注信干噪比、公共参考信号信干噪比RS-SINR;容量指标应重点关注边缘用户速率以及小区平均吞吐量指标。其中RSRP反映信号场强情况,需综合考虑终端接收机灵敏度、穿透损耗、人体损耗、干扰余量     

LTE-Advanced中协作多点传输技术研究

为了提高小区边缘用户的性能,满足小区边缘频谱效率的要求,LTE-Advanced系统中引入了协作多点传输技术CoMP（Coordinated Multi-Point）。CoMP技术是一种干扰消除技术,通过小区间的联合调度和协作传输,使小区边缘的CoMP用户的干扰信号变为有用信号,或降低来自邻小区的干扰水平,从而提高小区边缘吞吐量,并且增强系统性能。文章主要介绍了协作多点传输技术及其原理,对CoMP技术中的协作簇选择、CoMP用户划分、用户传输方案及预编码做出了介绍,通过仿真对比得到采用CoMP技术的系统性能增益,最后对协作多点传输技术作出了展望。     

基于信漏噪比的异构网络载波干扰协调技术

针对异构网络存在小区间干扰的问题,提出了一种基于频域载波聚合的干扰协调管理机制。该机制将所有小区的用户分为中心用户和边缘用户,采用可降低干扰的信漏噪比(SLNR)准则,动态调度用户和选择小区载波,并将每种小区载波选择方案对应一种调度用户分组的机制,即对小区的中心用户和边缘用户采用不同优先级,以此有效避免小区间的干扰,其中优先级采用比例公平和SLNR准则。仿真结果表明,由于在系统目标最大化时实现了频率复用增益和干扰消除增益间实现最佳的平衡,可有效取得系统流量的分流和总吞吐量的提升。     

蜂窝系统中分布式空域基站协作的仿真研究

对分布式空域基站协作进行了分析仿真,重点对两小区场景和三小区场景采用最大化层虚拟信干噪比算法的预编码技术进行了仿真验证,并与采用最大化虚拟信干噪比算法的预编码技术进行了比对。仿真结果表明通过分布式的基站协作预编码算法,可以有效地抑制小区间干扰,提高系统的性能;结果还表明层虚拟信干噪比算法比虚拟信干噪比算法有更好的性能,增加天线数量也可以提高系统的性能。     

超密集网络中干扰协调方法及性能分析

在超密集网络中,全频重用能够提升网络的平均吞吐量,但严重的小区间干扰限制了边缘用户数据率的提升。如何有效地管理超密集网络中的干扰、提升边缘用户数据率是重要的研究问题。本文研究了超密集网络中两种有代表性的干扰协调方法,随机干扰协调和基于拓扑干扰协调,分析了这两种方法的平均数据率和边缘用户数据率、以及系统参数对其性能的影响。理论分析和仿真的结果表明,采用随机干扰协调能够提升边缘用户的信干噪比,但不能提升边缘用户数据率。这使得当系统增加频率重用因子时,会牺牲平均用户数据率同时也不能提高边缘用户数据率。采用基于拓扑的干扰协调能够同时提升边缘用户的信干噪比和数据率;当频率重用因子较低时,提高重用因子可以通过以较少牺牲平均用户数据率为代价有效提高边缘用户数据率,从而实现平均数据率和边缘用户数据率的折中。      

5G系统中基于小区分群的干扰管理

为了降低5G系统中超密度小区网络的小区间干扰（ICI）,提出了一种基于小区分群的干扰管理方案,其核心思想是将宏小区覆盖下的小小区分群,对群内干扰和群间干扰分别采用基于多小区协作和频域或时域的干扰避免。针对小区分群的关键即干扰权值的计算,提出了一种基于用户的信干噪比（SINR）和干扰泄露（SOIR）计算连续干扰权值的方案,该权值不仅反映用户间的干扰关系,而且自适应地调整干扰用户之间对资源的争夺策略;同时,把距离调和平均数作为小区分群的附加准则。仿真结果表明,与传统的小区分群方案相比,新方案的吞吐量增加20%~30%,小区性能和系统整体性能都有提升。     

Ad hoc self-healing of OFDMA networks using UAV-based relays

Due to the demand for constantly increasing data rates, especially within LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced networks, today’s mobile radio systems are operating more and more at their capacity limits. Consequently, techniques to compensate cell outage and cell overload situations are needed. Existing approaches to address these problems are typically static solutions and are accompanied by Inter-Cell Interference (ICI), like the introduction of femtocells. In this paper we propose an UAV-based (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) approach in order to provide ad hoc self-healing of cellular networks. Thereby, the UAVs are acting as mobile relays and offload traffic to surrounding cells with free resources. We introduce the genetic Interference-aware Positioning of Aerial Relays (IPAR) algorithm which is able to find suitable positions for the UAVs that maximize the downlink throughput of the cellular network. The algorithm is evaluated for hexagonal as well as irregular cellular network layouts and is based on an analytical model for deriving the key performance indicators throughput, system loss and free remaining resources in the cells for the downlink. In order to decrease the introduced interference between the UAVs and surrounding base stations, a random frequency allocation scheme is applied. Based on an exact analytical model for the SINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio) of users served by UAVs, it is shown that by different hopping distributions a reduction of the SINR up to 11.6 dB can be achieved compared to the worst case performance of systems without resource planning.     

Performance evaluation of an adaptive self-organizing frequency reuse approach for OFDMA downlink

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is extensively utilized for the downlink of cellular systems such as long term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced. In OFDMA cellular networks, orthogonal resource blocks can be used within each cell. However, the available resources are rare and so those resources have to be reused by adjacent cells in order to achieve high spectral efficiency. This leads to inter-cell interference (ICI). Thus, ICI coordination among neighboring cells is very important for the performance improvement of cellular systems. Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) has been widely adopted as an effective solution that improves the throughput performance of cell edge users. However, FFR does not account for the varying nature of the channel. Moreover, it exaggerates in caring about the cell edge users at the price of cell inner users. Therefore, effective frequency reuse approaches that consider the weak points of FFR should be considered. In this paper, we present an adaptive self-organizing frequency reuse approach that is based on dividing every cell into two regions, namely, cell-inner and cell-outer regions; and minimizing the total interference encountered by all users in every region. Unlike the traditional FFR schemes, the proposed approach adjusts itself to the varying nature of the wireless channel. Furthermore, we derive the optimal value of the inner radius at which the total throughput of the inner users of the home cell is as close as possible to the total throughput of its outer users. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive approach has better total throughput of both home cell and all 19 cells than the counterparts of strict FFR, even when all cells are fully loaded, where other algorithms in the literature failed to outperform strict FFR. The improved throughput means that higher spectral efficiency can be achieved; i.e., the spectrum, which is the most precious resource in wireless communication, can be utilized efficiently. In addition, the proposed algorithm can provide significant power saving, that can reach 50% compared to strict FFR, while not penalizing the throughput performance.

     

Autonomous Schemes for Inter-cell Interference Coordination in the Downlink of LTE Systems

Inter-cell interference (ICI) is one of the key challenges that limit the performance of Long Term Evolution and Long Term Evolution Advanced cellular systems. One approach to deal with ICI is through interference avoidance. Unlike static avoidance techniques where a-priori frequency planning and/or explicit inter-cell coordination is used, dynamic avoidance techniques rely on adapting its frequency planning and allocation based on the current state of the network. However, this improvement in performance comes with the cost of an increased complexity due to the coordination and alignments needed among the base stations (eNB) to manage and allocate channels among the users. Accordingly, autonomous ICI coordination techniques are receiving much interest among the various interference avoidance techniques. In this paper, we propose an autonomous self-adaptive scheme (SA, for short) for radio resource management and interference coordination. We then extend the proposed scheme to become self-adaptive power-aware (SAPA) in order to optimize and reduce the transmission power of the eNBs. A key feature in the proposed schemes is that all computations are independent of the number of users and cells in the network. This allows the proposed schemes to adapt to networks of any size and with an arbitrary number of users. Extensive simulation confirms that the proposed SA scheme ensures efficient frequency reuse patterns that lead to significant performance improvements in the throughput of the edge users without affecting other users. Moreover, the SAPA scheme achieves significant improvement in the power efficiency, while maintaining the throughput enhancements achieved by the SA scheme for both center and edge users.     

Bandwidth Partitioning and SINR Threshold Analysis of Fractional Frequency Reuse in OFDMA Cellular Networks for Real Time and Best Effort Traffic

To achieve high capacity in cellular networks, frequency reuse factor of unity is used. However, it suffers from heavy co-channel interference at cell edge regions. This leads to poor Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and hence poor performance. fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is one of the methods being considered to improve cell edge performance. In this work we present the impact of SINR threshold and bandwidth partitioning on the successful deployment of FFR scheme. We have considered both real time (RT) and best effort (BE) traffic. In FFR, the total frequency resource is divided logically into cell center and cell edge user bands. However, while frequency resource is partitioned into two segments, the amount of bandwidth required by cell center and cell edge users is quite different and influences the system performance. We developed the semi analytical approach to evaluate the average bandwidth required by cell center and edge band users. From the analysis and simulation results it is seen that while grade of service (GoS) fair based method of choosing bandwidth partitioning ratio is best for RT traffic, while the only feasible method for BE traffic is dividing the bandwidth based on probability of a user to be in a given band which we termed as ‘Probability’ method.     

Effect of intercell interference on cell boundary users in three‐cell and seven‐cell HetCN

Indoor and cell‐edge coverage has been a major issue of concern for predeployed traditional macrocell (MC)–based homogeneous cellular network. Moreover, with the extensive increase of mobile users and developments of smart and highly specified devices, user demands and activities have led to huge cellular traffic. The key solutions to these that include network upgradation, overlaying of small cells (SCs), and scaling of resources have turned out to be the major causes for intercell interference (ICI) and energy‐efficiency degradation in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNs). In this paper, authors have tried to analyze the downlink performance metrics of cell boundary users with MCs overlaying SCs for three‐cell circular and seven‐cell sectorized networks through frequency reuse (FR) schemes. This paper also discusses the impact of ICI being encountered by users and the effect of SCs on the energy efficiency of the network. The locations for SCs are perceived where user density is large and demands high data rate such as at hot‐spot (HS) areas, railway stations, shopping malls, working farms, and organization. The performance metrics sum rate, average user throughput, and energy efficiency are compared by employing FR‐1 (full spectrum) and FR‐3 (three subbands) among MCs and deployed SCs. For both scenarios, simulation results and analyses depict that without SCs, utilization of FR‐1 results in performance degradation due to ICI effects. However, the downlink performance of cell boundary user and energy efficiency of the network could be enhanced by overlaying SCs near cell boundaries of preexisting MCs along with the allocation of FR‐1.     

异构无线网络中边缘用户小区选择算法

在异构网络中,部署多种小功率基站,会出现大量的“小区边缘区域”,边缘用户的性能会受到影响。为此,提出了一种边缘用户小区选择算法,通过发送端进行预编码抑制干扰,提高用户接收到的信干噪比。根据小区当前用户数,动态地调整给微小区边缘用户参考接收信号添加的偏置值,避免边缘用户接入用户数过多的拥堵小区。仿真结果表明,该算法与参考算法相比,能够有效降低宏小区负载,平衡不同微小区间负载,提高轻载微小区的网络吞吐量和资源利用率。     

Design of a multiple-beam forming network using CORPS optimized for cellular systems

The design of beam-forming networks (BFNs) for a multibeam-steerable antenna array using Coherently Radiating Periodic Structures (CORPS) in cellular mobile communication systems is presented. In this paper, the CORPS technology is introduced and applied to the design of beam-forming networks in cellular systems for the first time. The CORPS-BFNs proposed show improved performance over the common way to feed antenna arrays used in mobile systems. In this design, the input ports of the feeding network design are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Two 2-beam design configurations of CORPS-BFN for a multibeam-steerable linear array on a cellular scenario are proposed and analyzed. Simulation results show the benefits of BFNs based on CORPS on a cellular mobile scenario based on the array factor response, in terms of side lobe level (SLL) and signal-to-interference (SIR) improvement capability. Furthermore, results for average SIR improvement, signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) and BER are discussed.