液态和非晶态Cu—Zr合金的研究进展

从性质、结构以及相图等方面论述了近年来液态和非晶态Cr-Zr合金的研究现状。指出目前研究的主要内容集中在固态尤其是非晶态的结构和晶化以及相分离过程等方面，而对与凝固过程密切相关的液态Cu-Zr合金的结构和性质方面的研究则涉及非常少。因而从液态Cr-Zr合金的结构和性质入手，寻求液态、非晶态与晶态之间的相互关系，是一个值得研究的新课题。     

锆基大块非晶在HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性研究

利用CHI660B型电化学工作站研究了4种不同成分（Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30，Zr60Al15Ni25，Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Xr52．5Al0Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的锆基非晶态合金以及其中两种成分（Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15，Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5）的晶态合金在2．5mol／L的HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。通过Tafel曲线的测试结果表明，非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能与其成分有很大的关系，这4种非晶合金试样的耐腐蚀性由强到弱的顺序依次为Zr60Al15Ni25〉Zr65Al10Ni10CU15〉Zr52．5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5〉Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30。两种成分的非晶态合金与其对应成分的晶态试样相比，非晶态合金具有较低的腐蚀电流，显示出较好的耐腐蚀性。最后，根据电化学腐蚀原理，从合金的微观结构、化学成分以及腐蚀介质的性质3个方面探讨了影响合金耐腐蚀性的因素。     

锆基大块非晶合金及其晶化合金在0.5mol/L H2SO4中的腐蚀行为研究

根据合金的DSC曲线制定了Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5和Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15等锆基大块非晶合金的等温退火工艺,获得了与非晶态合金具有相同成分的晶化合金。通过研究非晶态合金和晶化合金在0.5mol/L H2SO4中的极化曲线,结合扫描电镜(SEM)和能量散射X射线谱(EDS)分析,发现,在0.5mol/LH2SO4中非晶态合金和晶化合金都具有非常优异的耐腐蚀性能,但非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能要比晶化合金稍好。这主要是因为晶态合金的结构中不存在晶界、位错等缺陷,同时非晶态合金中的组元具有很高的活性,使合金更快地进入钝态。     

含Be多元合金非晶形成能力的替代效应研究

利用晶胞平移和分子动力学模拟建立了Zr4lTil3.8Be22.5Ni17.5Cu5．2晶态和非晶合金的原子结构模型，利用递归方法研究了Zr4lTi13.8Be22．5Ni17．5Cu5．2晶态及非晶态合金中元素的替代效应．Be与B、Al、Si状态密度形状相似表明Be与B、Al、Si具有相似的性质，可以用Al、B、Si代替Be；非晶态相对于晶态的结构能差表明，用Al、B、Si代替Be后均使合金的非晶形成能力下降，只是Al、B下降的幅度较小；用Al、B替代Be，再用其它过渡金属替代Cu、Ni或zr、Ti可使非晶形成能力达到含Be合金的水平．     

大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5及其晶态合金的氧化行为研究

采用DSC、TGA、XRD等实验手段研究了大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5各种状态的氧化行为。结果表明非晶态样品的氧化速率最快,稳定晶化态样品的氧化速率最慢,这说明晶态相Zr2Cu具有良好的抗氧化性。非晶态和晶态样品的氧化动力学均遵循线性规律。     

大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5的电子结构特征及电击穿行为

测定了大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5晶化前后的费米能级和各元素的电子结合能,研究了非品合金的电子结构特征和电击穿行为．测试并讨论了非晶材料场发射能力和耐电压强度的关系．结果表明,对于Zr基合金,非品态比品态合金具有更大的功函数．比较了Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5合金非晶态与晶态的耐电压强度数值,发现非晶态合金的耐电压强度数值比较分散,品化合金的耐电压强度相对比较集中．耐电压强度平均值表明,Zr基合金非晶态具有更好的耐电压能力．     

ZrTiCuNiBe块体非晶合金的热电阻特性及电子结构

为了揭示ZrTiCuNiBe块体非晶合金的物理性能,利用电弧炉熔炼及铜模快速铸造的方法,制备Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块状非晶合金.通过测量热电阻系数和电子能谱,研究了块体非晶合金的热电阻特性和电子结构.研究表明:电阻率随着温度升高而降低,紧临晶化前未出现电阻率极大现象;块体非晶态合金与晶态纯金属相比,锆的电子结合能不发生变化,其余元素电子结构明显改变.     

高能球磨Mg-Zr-Ni合金组织演变

为了改善Mg-Ni合金的电化学性能,采用高能球磨技术合成了Mg-Zr-Ni储氢合金,通过改变球磨条件和添加合金元素Zr,利用XRD物相分析和电化学测量技术,研究了Mg-Ni合金的组织演变过程及其对电化学容量的影响.结果表明,高能球磨Mg-Ni和Mg-Zr-Ni合金都经历了非晶态向纳米晶态的转变过程,用少量Zr替代部分Mg后,促进了高能球磨Mg-Zr-Ni合金的非晶化和纳米晶化的过程.与非晶态Mg(Zr)Ni相比,纳米晶的Mg(Zr)Ni中氢更易放出,放电曲线主要呈现高电位放电特征,添加Zr后合金的放电容量有所下降.     

化学镀镍－硼合金层组织结构的研究

化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｂ合金层的结构与镀层的硼含量有关。硼含量低的镀层为晶态；硼含量高的镀层为非晶态。在加热时，非晶态合金向晶态转变，晶态和非晶态的Ｎｉ－Ｂ合金都会析出Ｎｉ＿３Ｂ相。     

Fe80P13C7块体非晶态合金与非晶薄带抗腐蚀性能的对比研究

通过J-Quenching技术在低冷速(低于1000K/s)下制备出块体尺寸达2mm的Fe80P13C7非晶态合金。通过阳极极化曲线测试以及对样品在1mol/L的HCl溶液中浸泡后的腐蚀形貌的观察,对Fe80P13C7块体非晶态合金、非晶薄带以及晶态合金的电化学腐蚀行为进行了对比研究,结果表明,块体非晶的腐蚀性能优于非晶薄带和晶态合金。这可能是由于块体非晶态合金在制备过程中冷速较低,原子发生结构弛豫的时间更长,结合能增大,使得合金中原子与溶液中离子的反应速率减慢,从而提高了块体非晶态合金的腐蚀性能。     

机械合金化法制备Co-Zr非晶软磁合金粉末的研究

研究了Co-Zr二元相图上4个共晶点成分配方Co90Zr10、Co53Zr47、Co35Zr65和Co21Zr79在球磨条件下的非晶态合金形成能力。分析结果表明,4种配方在一定的球磨时间内都能形成非晶态合金,其中非晶形成能力最强的为Co35Zr65。球磨时间对非晶的形成有重要影响,球磨时间过长,使形成的非晶态合金粉体反而向晶体转化。     

大块玻璃合金射流成形方法的研究

用射流成形方法制备出直径从Φ５ｍｍ到Φ１０ｍｍ的Ｚｒ基大块玻璃离态合金，研究了样品尺寸大小以及保护气氛中含氧量对形成玻璃态合金的影响，结果表明，样品尺寸越上，则合金达到的冷却速率越大，形成的玻璃态合金中析出结晶相越少，消除氧非均匀核的影响，可以减少消除大块玻璃态合金基体中的结晶析出，有利于获得更大尺寸的大块玻璃合金。     

High-strength Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys containing nanocrystalline and nanoquasicrystalline particles

Abstract

It was recently found that the addition of special elements leading to the deviation from the three empirical rules for the achievement of high glass-forming ability causes new mixed structures consisting of the amorphous phase containing nanoscale compound or quasicrystal particles in Zr–Al–Ni–Cu–M (M ? Ag, Pd, Au, Pt or Nb) bulk alloys prepared by the copper mold casting and squeeze casting methods. In addition, the mechanical strength and ductility of the nonequilibrium phase bulk alloys are significantly improved by the formation of the nanostructures as compared with the corresponding amorphous single phase alloys. The composition ranges, formation factors, preparation processes, unique microstructures and improved mechanical properties of the nanocrystalline and nanoquasicrystalline Zr-based bulk alloys are reviewed on the basis of our recent results reported over the last two years. The success of synthesizing the novel nonequilibrium, high-strength bulk alloys with good mechanical properties is significant for the future progress of basic science and engineering. © 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.     

机械合金化Co-Zr非晶软磁合金粉末的形成及热稳定性分析

研究了Co-Zr二元相图上4个共晶点成分配方Co90Zr10、Co53Zr47、Co35Zr65和Co21Zr79在球磨条件下的非晶态合金形成能力。采用X射线衍射和差热分析(DTA)对粉末的结构及热稳定性进行了分析。XRD分析结果表明,4种配方在一定的球磨时间内都能形成非晶态合金,其中非晶形成能力最强的为Co35Zr65。DTA分析结果表明,该合金系具有较高的热稳定性,并具有较高的非晶形成能力。球磨时间对非晶的形成有重要影响,球磨时间过长,使形成的非晶态合金粉体反而向晶体转化。     

Rapid solidification of zirconium-based alloys

Zr based metal-metal binary and ternary alloys can be obtained in the amorphous state in very wide composition ranges. Several eutectic reactions and intermetallic compounds are present in these alloy systems which provide opportunities for examining the validity of different theories on glass formation. The amorphous phases in these alloys decompose by a variety of crystallization mechanisms. Instances of polymorphic, primary and eutectic crystallization have been encountered in these glasses. Zr-based metallic glasses possess excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In several studies their properties have been compared with that of their crystalline counterparts and interesting differences have emerged. In the solute lean Zr-based alloys very large freezing ranges are available for studying the liquid to solid transformation. It has been possible to study the formation of some of the low temperature phases directly from the liquid. This paper describes some of the aforementationed studies carried out on Zr-based amorphous and crystalline alloys.     

Correlation between Structures of Bulk Amorphous Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be Alloy in Different States

The structures of the bulk amorphous Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Nil0.0Be22.5 alloy have been analyzed in solid, supercooled liquid and liquid with X-ray diffraction. The first coordination sphere radii and the first coordination numbers are 0.312 um, 11.2 in solid state, 10.932 nm, 10.932 in supercooled liquid region and 0.305 urn, 11.296 in liquid state. The structures are the same in different states. But it shows some tendency to crystallizing that the first coordination sphere radius and the first coordination number drop in supercooled liquid region.     

新型Zr-Nb基大块非晶合金的形成及性能

本文用水淬法制备 Zr-Nb基大块非晶合金 ;并采用 DSC热分析法测定了该种合金的玻璃转变温度和热稳定性 ;采用超声检测方法精确测定了材料的声学性能 ,由此计算得到一组大块非晶合金的弹性性能参数。     

An electron microscopy study of the metastable structures in splat-cooled erbium-zirconium alloys

The metastable structures produced by splat-cooling in Er-Zr alloys were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and X ray analysis in order to deduce the mechanism by which a continuous series of supersaturated solid solutions are formed between Er and Zr in their low temperature h c p allotropic form. The study revealed that the microstructure of alloys with extended solid solubility consisted of an h c p phase exhibiting predominantly martensitic character together with small amounts of a metastable beta phase. The volume fraction of the martensitic phase increased and that of the beta phase decreased with increase in Zr content of the alloy. The phase transformations involved in the formation of the various metastable phases in the Er-Zr system during splat cooling and the stability of these phases during subsequent ageing treatments are discussed in relation to the equilibrium phase diagram for this system.     

弛豫对Zr-Al-Ni-Cu基非晶合金晶化过程的影响

非晶合金的稳定性是制备大块非晶合金的关键，而弛豫后形成的短程有序结构对非晶中的晶体相形核有重要的影响。本文通过差热分析及X射线衍射法研究了预先弛豫处理对Zr60Al8Ni12.5Cu17Si2.5和Zr60Al8Ni10Cu17Si5非晶合金晶化过程的影响。结果表明：预先弛豫处理降低了上述非晶合金的稳定性。Si含量的增加则提高上述非晶合金的稳定性。根据等温转变过程日体相形核孕育期采用Arrhenius公式所确定的晶化激活能更能反映非晶晶化过程及非晶的稳定性。