枇杷核仁的营养成分分析

对枇杷核仁的营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,枇杷核中含有丰富的淀粉、还原糖和脂肪等营养成分,且含有丰富的矿物质,主要是钾、钙、镁、磷和钠等元素,维生素只测定VE、VA、VB1和Vc,含量比龙眼核高。分析结果可知,枇杷核是开发保健食品、酿酒和饲料的良好营养源。     

东海海参(Acaudina molpadioidea)营养成分分析及评价

采用常规营养成分分析方法测定了东海海参中的主要营养成分。结果表明:冻鲜东海海参体壁中粗蛋白含量为16.50%,粗脂肪为0.20%,水分为77.43%,灰分为3.69%,VE含量为218 mg/kg。此外,东海海参体壁中还含有丰富的微量元素,但是重金属元素铅和砷的含量超标。脱皮后东海海参体壁中的重金属元素含量会大幅度降低,特别是铅和砷。东海海参体壁中含有17种氨基酸,其中7种为人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的18.54%,氨基酸中的4种呈味氨基酸总质量分数为4.78%,占氨基酸总量的56.10%。东海海参基本营养成分和梅花参、刺参一致,是一种低脂肪、富含胶原蛋白和微量元素的动物性食品。     

无核黄皮的营养成分

对无核黄皮的营养成分进行了分析检测,结果表明:无核黄皮果肉占全果的68.1%,糖度20.1%、酸度1.35%(以柠檬酸计)、水分78.93%、蛋白质1.9%、脂肪0.28%;无核黄皮含有丰富Vc、VB1和VB2,分别为548mg/kg、1.35mg/kg和0.72mg/kg,VE1.58mg/kg,烟酸0.33mg/kg和β-胡萝卜素0.016mg/kg;无核黄皮中钙和钾含量高达0.71%和0.35%,磷含量为0.022%,氨基酸为548mg/100g,必需氨基酸为26mg/100g;无核黄皮还含有丰富的多糖,含量为1.7%。分析结果表明,无核黄皮是一种营养丰富的具有保健功能的水果,具有很高的开发价值。     

全发酵石榴酒的营养价值和保健作用

全发酵石榴酒营养成分测定表明:酒中含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量达到8.18318mg/L,葡萄糖含量3.9%,果糖2.3%,其中VB1、VB2、VE和矿物质中的钠、磷、钙、锌含量较高,特别是石榴发酵酒中还含有人体重要的微量元素硒。本文从营养和生理代谢过程中分析了石榴发酵酒的营养价值和保健作用。     

毛樱桃果实营养成分分析研究

对野生毛樱桃果实营养成分分析表明，果实中含有胡萝卜素、VA、VB1、VB2、VC、VD、VPP、VE等多种维生素，其中VC的含量高达63．5mg/100g，是一般水果的2－30倍。果实中矿物质和微量元素的测定结果表明，Ca、P、Fe等成分含量明显高于其它水果，特别是Ca的含量，高达160．7mg/100g，是一般水果含量的10－80倍。毛樱桃果实中含有17种氨基酸，氨基酸总含量为1992．5mg/100g，其中人体必需氨基酸含量为956．4mg/100g，占氨基酸总量的48％。     

广东杨梅果的主要营养成分分析

通过对广东几个主要品种杨梅果实营养成分分析,结果表明,果实中除含有糖、有机酸外,还含有丰富的维生素、矿物质及氨基酸等营养成分,其中,钾的含量高达1 153 mg/kg,氨基酸总量达到15.453 mg/kg,钙的含量达到了975 mg/kg,VC含量可达125 mg/kg,是一种具有营养、保健、医疗功效的水果。     

大豆胚芽综合利用的研究

大豆胚芽具有很高的营养价值，其富含生理活性物质维生素E，大豆异黄酮和甾醇等。对大豆胚芽的营养成分进行了分析和论述，并对其综合利用提出了几点建议。测试结果表明：大豆胚芽含有28%蛋白质，8.7%油（其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达80%），油中含VE190mg/100g，大豆异黄酮1.23%，甾醇0.37%。     

8个品种辣椒籽成分分析与比较

对8个不同品种(定州新一代辣椒、朝天椒、益都椒、四平头辣椒、红安6号线椒、红龙13号金塔椒、新疆甜椒、印度TEJA辣椒)辣椒籽的主要成分、营养成分和抗氧化物质进行分析,为辣椒籽高值化的综合利用提供基础数据。结果表明,辣椒籽主要含有膳食纤维、蛋白质和脂肪,质量分数分别为40.10%~51.27%、17.30%~19.83%和11.53%~16.70%;辣椒籽中还含有16种氨基酸(15.16%~18.64%)、9种矿物质元素,其中钾含量达到7 790~11 566.67 mg/kg;不饱和脂肪酸占辣椒籽脂肪酸80%以上,其中亚油酸质量分数为7.04%~9.72%,占总脂肪酸72.20%~74.26%;VE、VC、酚类、黄酮等抗氧化物质含量分别为1.27~8.01、0.24~2.36 mg/100 g、11.43~20.22 mg GAE/g、2.36~12.58 mg RE/g,辣椒碱类物质含量为0.07~5.21 mg/100 g。其中,新疆甜椒籽膳食纤维和VE含量最高,益都辣椒籽蛋白质、油脂和黄酮含量最高,印度TEJA辣椒籽具有较高的总酚和辣椒碱类物质。     

金丝皇菊的营养成分分析与评价

对金丝皇菊的营养成分进行分析评价,为合理地开发利用金丝皇菊提供理论依据。结果表明,金丝皇菊中含有蛋白质12.9%、水分11.5%、灰分5.6%、粗纤维5.2%、脂肪4.9%、黄酮3.97%、可溶性糖19.5%、多糖5.91%,多糖含量显著高于其他品种菊花(0.1%～4.0%);17种氨基酸有检出,氨基酸总量为10.69%,其中半必需氨基酸胱氨酸在其他品种菊花中罕有检出;所测十一种维生素(VA、VB_1、VB_2、VB_6、Vc、VD_2、VD_2、VE、β-胡萝卜素、烟酸、烟酰胺)中,VA、β-胡萝卜素(维生素A原)、VE、VB_2、烟酰胺和Vc有检出,含量分别是0.22、0.28、26.71、0.11、72.3、14.7 mg/100 g,烟酰胺和VE含量丰富,其VE含量与坚果中含量相当;金丝皇菊矿物质含量丰富,所测十三种矿物质元素(K、Na、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、P、Zn、Se、Pb、As、Cd)中除硒以外都有检出,钙含量2994 mg/kg高过牛乳(1040 mg/kg),铁含量101.6 mg/kg高过猪血(87 mg/kg)和鸡蛋黄(65 mg/kg),重金属铅、砷、镉含量均符合国家限量要求。研究表明,金丝皇菊具有较高的营养和药用价值,有巨大的开发潜力,可望研制菊花食品和保健品。     

蓝莓果渣营养成分分析及评估

为提高蓝莓的综合利用,解决蓝莓加工中果渣资源的浪费,对蓝莓果渣的营养成分进行分析和评估。结果表明:与蓝莓鲜果相比蓝莓果渣中蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖、总酸等常规营养成分含量丰富;矿物质元素K、Ca仍保持优势;花色苷含量为6.39 mg/g;含有21种香气成分,基本保留所有蓝莓香气成分;主要的6种有机酸皆可检出;单糖组成主要是葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖;黄酮醇含量为1.19 mg/g、绿原酸含量为1.30 mg/g。     

Nutritional evaluation of some Nigerian wild seeds

Some wild seeds, namely Parkia biglobosa, Tetracarpidum conophorum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Irvingia gabonensis, Afzelia africana, Prosporis africana and Monodora myristica, were randomly collected from various parts of Nigeria and analyzed with regard to their proximate, mineral, antinutrient composition and zinc bioavailability. The results revealed that the seeds had high protein (6.5-24.2%), fat (19.0-58.5%), mineral (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Na, K, P) and phytate (1043.6-2905.2 mg/100 g) contents, while the cyanide content was low (3.7-6.4 mg/kg). However, Co, Pb and Ni were not detected in all the samples. The calculated [Ca] [phytate]/[Zn] molar ratios (which is the best index for predicting Zn bioavailability) for all the seeds revealed that Parkia biglobosa, Irvingia gabonensis and Prosporis africana had a calculated molar ratio above 0.50 mol/kg (critical level), thus indicating reduced bioavailability of Zn to a critical level. In view of the high fat, protein, mineral and low cyanide contents, the high phytate content would not be expected to reduce bioavailability of Zn in some of the wild seeds (Afzelia africana, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Monodora myristica). These wild seeds could be good nutrient sources if integrated fully into human and animal nutrition. However, further studies will be carried out on the protein quality and toxicological potentials of these wild seeds.     

Plant seeds as source of nutrients and phytochemicals for the Indian population

Plant seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings and vary across different locations. In addition, they are under used foods that could be a good complement for the daily nutrition of people. Therefore, the aim of this study was the analysis of different physical parameters, nutrients and bioactive compounds of 60 plant seeds belonging to 48 species and 9 families. The seeds were collected in 2016–2017 in the Raipur area, India (21.25°N 81.63°E), from three different locations. Fat, protein, starch, total polyphenols and mineral contents ranged from 0.7 to 44.2, 1.6 to 68.5, 11.3 to 84.0, 0.01 to 3.85 and 0.67 to 4.91 g/100 g (dry weight) respectively. Regarding physical properties, the heavier seeds were covered with thick testa over the range of 3.0 to 40% of the seed mass. Higher moisture and ash fractions for the starchy (cereal and pulses) and weed seeds were also found. The most abundant mineral elements in the seeds were P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn. Finally, it was calculated the contribution of the consumption of seeds to the daily macronutrients and micronutrients intake for Indian population, reaching up to 38, 13 and 25% for proteins, fat and carbohydrates respectively.     

几种石榴果实不同部位的矿质营养分析

为了充分利用石榴果实资源,实验以白皮、青皮、玉石籽和玛瑙籽等石榴的籽、汁、皮为材料,用原子吸收分光光度法和火焰光度法测定了其矿质营养。结果表明,各元素在不同品种果实各部位的含量有着明显的不同,钾和钙在青皮的皮中含量最高,分别为14244.7mg/kg和1875.73mg/kg,钠和铁在玉石籽的皮中含量最高,分别为5255.33mg/kg和953.33mg/kg;镁在白皮的籽中含量最高,为30.53mg/kg。各品种不同部位的矿质营养也有一定差异,石榴汁中,玛瑙籽的各矿质元素含量均高于其他品种;石榴籽中,白皮的钠、钙、镁含量最高,青皮的钾含量最高,玉石籽的铁含量最高;石榴皮中,玉石籽的钠、镁、铁含量最高,青皮的钾和钙含量最高。总之,对石榴汁来说,玛瑙籽的矿质营养最为丰富,而各品种的皮和籽中矿质营养有其不同的特点。     

新疆6种辣椒籽中矿质元素测定及聚类分析

目的：分析不同品种辣椒籽中的矿质元素含量,并进行聚类分析,评价其营养价值。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,ICP-AES)法测定Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、K。结果：辣椒籽中富含多种矿质元素,常量元素K/Na、Mg/Na比值高,微量元素Fe含量最为丰富,Zn、Cu含量相对较少,Zn/Cu比值在2.01～1.36之间;从元素含量的角度进行聚类分析,6个辣椒籽品种可以分为两大类。结论：辣椒籽中矿质元素含量高,具有食品开发的价值。     

EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF SEEDS OF TWO LUPINS (LUPINUS ALBUS AND LUPINUS MUTABILIS)

Because mineral composition data for lupins subjected to water stress (ws) are incomplete, it is essential to analyze those seeds in order to assess the quality of potential food source for both human and animal nutrition. So, we have performed chemical proximate analysis and determined the mineral profile of seeds from two lupins subjected to ws period and compared with seeds from well‐watered (ww) plants. From the above results we can conclude that the values obtained fall within the range of values reported for both species (at ww conditions) and no significant (P > 0.05) differences were found in nutritional composition and mineral content between both lupins. Ws period was responsible for a significant increase in sugar, ash, both macroelements (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) as well as phytate content. The results obtained are relevant for selection of better mineral nutritive value of seeds from lupin species.     

地鳖虫保健酒的研制

地鳖虫营养丰富，蛋白质含量较高，氨基酸种类齐全，富含人体必需的8种氨基酸，不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，还含有脂溶性维生素及人体必需的微量元素，生物碱和其他一些微量活性物质，具有较强的药用功效。再辅以蛹虫草、人参、枸杞、桂圆等中药材，研制出具有保健功能的高蛋白、低脂肪型滋补地鳖虫保健酒。（孙悟）     

Chemical composition of seeds from Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin and their suitability as food

Dehulled seeds from Cucumeropsis Mannii Naudin mainly consist of lipids (40.3%) and proteins (34.5%). Carbohydrates, minerals, and water amount to 16.5, 3.7, and 5.9%, resp. From this composition a caloric value of 2 190 kJ/100 g is calculated. The major component of the oil linoleic acid (57.9%). Short-chain fatty acids are absent. All important macro and micro nutrient elements are present in sufficient amounts for human nutrition. The seeds are rich in vitamin E and in niacin (30.8 mg/100 g and 14.3 mg/100 g. resp.). Consumption of 100 g dehulled seeds covers the daily requirement of essential fatty acids, vitamin E and essential amino acids--methionine excepted. Besides starch (14.3 g/100 g) sucrose (1.14 g/100 g), raffinose (0.42 g/100 g) and stachyose (0.41 g/100 g) as well as traces of glucose and fructose are present. The proteins extracted with various solvents (H2O, 0.1 M KCl-, 0.1 mM K3PO4-, and 0.5% SDS-solution) are studied by amino acid analysis. SDS-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Molecular weights of these proteins are between 5,000 and 80,000 daltons with the fraction between 20,000 and 35,000 predominating. The seeds exhibit weak inhibition of trypsin and do not inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin.     

龙眼核精油的体外抗氧化活性及其保鲜效果

本项目研究龙眼核精油体外抗氧化性及常温保鲜效果,以有机溶剂正己烷提取龙眼核精油,测定精油对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)及亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)的清除能力,以龙眼果肉颜色、果皮褐变指数、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量等生理指标变化作为保鲜效果的评判标准。结果表明:龙眼核精油对DPPH·、·OH及NaNO_2均有一定清除作用,IC_(50)分别为11.04、4.58、0.12 mg/mL,在试验浓度范围内呈一定量效关系;精油可降低龙眼果皮褐变指数及失重率上升速度;可溶性固形物含量变化起伏小;贮藏前期,可滴定酸含量变化缓慢,后期上升较快;精油处理组与空白对照组间差异不显著(p0.05),龙眼核精油对龙眼果实不具备明显保鲜效果;精油浓度过大会对龙眼果实产生不同程度的药害。     

酶处理促进龙眼果汁中蔗糖的转化和低聚果糖的生成

为了降低龙眼果汁中的蔗糖含量和制备一种富含低聚果糖的龙眼果汁,本研究以龙眼果汁为原料,探讨底物浓度、底物pH、果糖基转移酶添加量、酶处理温度和时间等单因素对果汁中蔗糖的转化和生成低聚果糖的影响。采用液相色谱法(HPLC)分析酶转化前后果汁中蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、低聚果糖含量的变化。结果表明,底物浓度、pH、酶用量、温度和处理时间等因素对龙眼果汁蔗糖转化和低聚果糖的生成有显著影响(p0.05)。在底物浓度30 oBrix、pH 6.0、酶用量9 U/g、55℃下转化7 h的龙眼果汁,蔗糖含量从164.36 mg/m L减少至22.34 mg/m L,生成的低聚果糖含量为97.88 mg/mL,占果汁中总糖的38.21%。利用果糖基转移酶处理龙眼果汁,能有效降低果汁中的蔗糖含量,获得一种低热量且富含低聚果糖的功能性果汁。