基于灰度变换及改进Retinex的低照度图像增强

针对低光照条件下拍摄的图像受光和环境的影响,其重要信息丢失严重,出现对比度低、细节模糊等问题,提出了一种基于灰度变换与改进Retinex的图像增强方法。首先采用引力搜索算法（gravitational search algorithm, GSA）优化的全局灰度变换函数对图像的RGB各通道灰度图像进行灰度变换,增强图像光照强度,使其更接近均匀光照场景;然后将图像转为HSV色彩空间,对V通道（亮度通道）采用改进的多尺度Retinex(MSR)算法处理,将基于范围的自适应双边滤波和Gabor滤波作为Retinex算法的环绕函数,结合两种滤波的特性来增强图像的亮度和细节。最后采用伽马校正避免图像融合造成的图像色偏。实验结果显示,该方法处理过的增强图像在主观和客观评价上优于其他方法,图像颜色失真较小,细节更清晰,为图像的后续应用做了铺垫。     

多尺度Retinex图像增强应用中的彩色空间选择

研究了基于Retinex理论的图像增强算法,介绍了图像和视频处理中常用的RGB、HSV、YIQ、YCbCr和 Lab 5种颜色空间,给出了均方误差(MSE)、峰值信噪比(PSNR)、信息熵、彩色增强因子(CEF)和结构相似度(SSIM)5个图像质量评价指标的计算公式,并用这5个指标评价了CLAHE算法在5种颜色空间上的增强效果.实验结果表明,相比于其它4种颜色空间,多尺度Retinex算法在HSV颜色空间上取得了最好的增强效果.     

基于MSRCR理论的算法实现

色彩恢复多尺度Retinex算法(MSRCR)是在单尺度Retinex算法(SSR)和多尺度Retinex算法(MSR)的基础上进行的改进和增强,其能明显改进上述2种算法的图像偏色效果并扩大图像的动态范围,使图像的明、暗区域细节都能得到很好的体现.给出一种改进的基于MSRCR理论的算法实现,实验表明,该算法实用性强,在图像对比度和细节增强方面都有很好的效果.     

基于亮度通道细节增强的低照度图像处理

为了解决在低照度条件下,可见光成像设备采集的图像亮度低、细节不清晰等问题,提出一种基于亮度通道细节增强的低照度图像处理算法.首先,将图像从RGB转换到Lab颜色模型,将Lab模型中的亮度通道通过指数派生函数校正构造为光照分量,再经过Retinex增强得到初步增强图像.然后,采用结构张量和多尺度引导滤波分别对初步增强图像...     

基于路径的Retinex算法在红外图像增强中的应用

为了方便红外目标的检测、识别等后续处理,针对传统红外图像增强算法存在的图像细节增强能力差,视觉效果模糊的问题,提出一种基于Retinex理论的红外图像增强算法.该算法利用固定路径获取反射分量的方法,对整体偏暗的红外图像目标进行增强处理.仿真结果表明,该方法比单尺度Retinex和多尺度Retinex算法更能增强红外图像的细节信息,有效改善虹外图像的视觉效果.     

改进多尺度的Retinex红外图像增强

为了解决传统的多尺度Retinex算法在对红外图像细节增强时产生光晕现象和增强图像噪声等问题,提出一种改进引导滤波器的多尺度Retinex的红外图像细节增强算法.首先,采用改进的引导滤波器代替高斯滤波器对红外图像进行入射分量的精确估计,并计算出其反射分量,以减少图像中的噪声,改善光晕现象.其次,对入射分量进行自适应性灰...     

基于自动色阶和多尺度Retinex彩色图像增强算法

为了解决多尺度Retinex算法(MSR)在增强光照不均的单彩色图像时出现的细节模糊、颜色失真的问题,提出一种基于自动色阶和多尺度Retinex算法(Auto-colorMSR)。对图像进行双边滤波去噪,利用添加光照参数调节的MSR算法对去噪图像进行增强,并通过自动色阶进行色彩恢复得到增强图像。实验结果表明,提出的算法优于传统算法,图像增强后具有更好颜色保真和边缘细节保留特性。     

基于子带分解多尺度Retinex的红外图像自适应细节增强

为实现高动态范围红外图像压缩和高亮区与阴影区细节增强,提出一种基于子带分解多尺度Retinex自适应细节增强方法。利用子带分解多尺度Retinex获取三个独立光谱子带;利用引导滤波将各子带分为细节层和基础层;之后依据子带特性设计细节增强权值基函数,自适应实现红外图像细节增强;针对输出图像平滑区灰度不均匀特点,自适应求取Gamma曲线实现灰度映射。实验结果表明:经本文算法处理后图像阴影区与高亮区细节得到明显增强,全局视觉效果良好。客观测评结果表明:本文算法有效增强图像细节信息,并且与经典基于双边滤波的细节增强算法比较,本文算法耗时没有增加。     

基于照度分割的局部多尺度Retinex算法

针对现有多尺度Retinex图像增强算法采用线性加权的方法来综合各个单尺度Retinex增强效果,不能很好地体现出各个尺度在色彩保真和细节增强上的特点与优势,本文提出一种新的基于照度分割的局部多尺度Retinex图像增强算法.该算法首先通过引入带参数的LIP模型将图像分解成四个照度区域,然后对各区域根据照度的差异采用相应尺度的Retinex算法进行增强,最后通过基于面积的比例因子对各增强后子图进行照度融合,实现图像增强.实验结果表明,与现有多尺度Retinex算法相比,本文算法在图像亮度保持和细节增强上,处理效果较好,在色彩方面也有较好的效果.     

基于改进的同态滤波和Retinex的水下图像增强的算法研究

光在水下传播受到微粒和水吸收作用的影响,导致水下图像对比度低,含有噪声且存在颜色偏差.针对传统的同态滤波算法增强后的图像还存在雾状模糊且颜色偏暗的问题,提出改进的同态滤波与Retinex多尺度融合的水下图像增强算法.该算法首先用基于双边滤波的单尺度Retinex算法对原始图像进行颜色校正;然后对修正后的图像构造相应的B...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.