基于序进应力加速实验评价失效率的新方法

基于序进应力加速寿命实验的研究,提出了一种快速确定半导体器件失效率及寿命分布的新方法.该方法将序进应力加速实验应用于失效率评价中,在计算失效激活能并外推寿命的基础上,快速确定微电子器件的寿命分布及相应的失效率.以样品3DG130为例,在160～310℃范围内进行了序进应力加速寿命实验,然后根据模型计算得到了器件的寿命、分布和失效率.结果与文献吻合很好,验证了方法的可行性.     

基于序进应力加速实验评价失效率的新方法

基于序进应力加速寿命实验的研究,提出了一种快速确定半导体器件失效率及寿命分布的新方法.该方法将序进应力加速实验应用于失效率评价中,在计算失效激活能并外推寿命的基础上,快速确定微电子器件的寿命分布及相应的失效率.以样品3DG130为例,在160～310℃范围内进行了序进应力加速寿命实验,然后根据模型计算得到了器件的寿命、分布和失效率.结果与文献吻合很好,验证了方法的可行性.     

基于可能性理论的随机应力加速寿命试验分析方法

在加速寿命试验中,随机应力的影响是普遍存在的,但目前对随机应力条件下的加速寿命试验分析缺乏有效的方法.以可能性理论为基础,将随机应力转化为一个模糊应力,通过确定该模糊应力的可能性分布函数.建立随机应力条件下的寿命分布模型.提出一种通过求取模糊数的上、下可能性均值来减小模型误差的方法,并以阿伦尼斯模型为例,分析了温度随机应力条件下的寿命分布模型,结果证明该方法是有效的.     

竞争失效产品加速寿命试验优化设计Monte-Carlo仿真

针对竞争失效产品加速寿命试验存在试验时间长、费用高、效率低的问题,提出了一种基于Monte-Carlo仿真的竞争失效产品加速寿命试验优化设计方法。采用Monte-Carlo对竞争失效产品的加速寿命试验进行仿真模拟,以正常使用应力下的p阶分位寿命渐近方差估计最小为目标,以各试验应力水平及对应应力下的试验截尾数作为设计变量,采用MLE理论进行统计分析,建立了基于仿真的竞争失效产品加速寿命试验优化设计模型。最后通过GA-BP神经网络对目标函数进行拟合,降低了仿真规模,提高了试验效率,为电子装备寿命预测的加速试验方案优化设计提供技术支撑。     

简单步进加速寿命试验下指数寿命产品的BAYES统计分析

1 问题的提出与基本假定1.1 问题的提出步进应力加速寿命试验是产品进行可靠性寿命试验的常用方法,对其试验数据的统计分析,通常是要求知道产品的寿命分布的有关参数与所施加的应力之间有已知的加速寿命模型,而一切的统计分析方法均以此为依据,但在一些实际问题中,加速寿命模型并不知道。本文针对这一情况,采用Bayes分析技术,给出在步进应力加速寿命试验下产品寿命数据的统计分析方法.1.2 基本假定本文给出的统计分析方法是建立在下面几个基本假定之下的。假定1 正常应力水平的S_0,加速应力水平为S_1,S_2,满足     

基于紧缩阈值加速退化试验的长寿命产品可靠性评估

对于退化失效型产品,当产品的特性参数超过给定阈值时即发生失效,失效阈值定义越严格则对产品功能要求越高,则产品越容易发生因不满足该功能要求而失效,可见产品的寿命数据与失效阈值的定义密切相关.对于长寿命产品,通过紧缩失效阚值的方法,可以在低应力水平下得到更多的失效数据.论文建立了寿命分布与试验应力和失效阈值的关系模型,并提...     

步降加速寿命试验优化设计Monte-Carlo仿真

针对加速寿命试验存在试验时间长、费用高、效率低的问题,提出了一种基于Monte-Carlo仿真的步降加速寿命试验优化设计方法.采用Monte-Carlo对步降加速寿命试验进行仿真模拟,以正常使用应力下的p阶分位寿命渐近方差估计和各应力水平下的特征寿命之和最小为目标,以各试验应力水平及对应应力下的试验截尾数作为设计变量,采用MLE理论进行统计分析,建立了基于仿真的步降加速寿命试验优化设计模型.最后通过实例分析,表明该方法具有可行性、有效性,为电子装备寿命预测的加速试验方案优化设计提供技术支撑.     

液晶显示器寿命评估

提出了一种液晶显示器寿命评估方法。介绍了加速寿命实验的基本原理和实验方法,并对加速模型进行推导,在进行分布验证的前提下进行寿命计算,通过加速状态下测试的产品寿命计算任意环境下的寿命,完成液晶显示器的寿命评估。     

双应力交叉步降加速寿命试验优化设计Monte-Carlo仿真

为进一步缩短试验时间,实现产品可靠性的快速评定,在综合应力加速寿命试验优化方案设计的基础上,提出了一种基于Monte-Carlo仿真的双应力交叉步降加速寿命试验优化设计方法。采用Monte-Carlo对步降加速寿命试验进行仿真模拟,以正常使用应力下的p阶分位寿命渐近方差估计为目标函数,以各试验应力水平及对应应力下的试验截尾数作为设计变量,采用MLE理论进行统计分析,建立了基于仿真的双应力交叉步降加速寿命试验优化设计模型。最后通过三次样条插值拟合理论对目标函数进行拟合,降低了仿真规模,提高了试验效率,为电子装备寿命预测的加速试验方案优化设计提供技术支撑。     

指数分步场合分组数据下简单步加试验的极大似然估计

对指数分布场合下的寿命分布进行研究,简单步进应力加速寿命试验中,在观察时间间隔不相等的条件下,对所获得的分组数据为寿命数据,给出加速方程中未知参数的极大似然估计（MLE）,从而计算出常应力下产品的平均寿命。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks