颗粒体积分数对高压扭转的SiCp/Al基复合材料拉伸性能影响

基于高压扭转法制备SiCp/Al基复合材料,采用金相显微镜、室温拉伸性能测试实验并结合断口扫描电镜观察,研究颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al基复合材料的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:SiC颗粒体积分数越大,剪切应变量越小,SiC颗粒分布越不均匀,团聚越严重.试样抗拉强度和屈服强度随SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而增加,但塑性降低.拉伸断口韧窝尺寸大小不一.高压扭转的SiCp/Al基复合材料断裂属于韧性断裂与脆性断裂混合模式,但随着SiC体积分数越小,材料断口的韧窝和撕裂棱越多,韧性断裂特征变得更为显著.     

高压扭转制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的断裂行为

为了研究大塑性变形对颗粒增强复合材料断裂行为的影响规律,在不同高压扭转工艺(high-pressure torsion,HPT)工艺参数下制备SiC_p/Al复合材料,测量试样真应力-应变曲线和观察试样的断口形貌,并分析SiC-Al界面的EDS谱。在分析各参数下材料断口形貌和界面原子扩散的基础上,讨论颗粒增强复合材料的断裂机理。研究发现:SiC_p/Al复合材料包含韧性断裂和脆性断裂2种性质的断裂,断口韧窝的大小和数量与材料的工艺参数有关;HPT变形可以有效改善SiC颗粒与Al基体的界面连接强度,提高该类材料的断裂性质。基体内气孔和颗粒与基体间孔隙的连接是金属基复合材料的主要断裂机制。     

SiC颗粒粒径对高压扭转SiC_P/Al复合材料致密度和拉伸性能的影响

采用高压扭转法(HPT)将不同尺寸的SiC颗粒和工业纯Al混合粉末直接固结成形制备SiC_P/Al复合材料。利用排水法测量复合材料的体积并计算致密度,再通过拉伸试验及拉伸断口扫描电镜观察,研究SiC颗粒粒径对复合材料致密度和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在200℃下,由于SiC颗粒含量一定,随着颗粒尺寸的增大,颗粒数量减少,比表面积逐渐减小,大颗粒受剪切作用而发生破碎的趋势加剧,结合不牢固的新生界面增加,导致复合材料致密度和抗拉强度呈先升高后降低的趋势;同时拉伸断口处韧窝尺寸逐渐增大,分布均匀性降低,韧窝处残留颗粒增加,复合材料韧性断裂特征减弱,脆性断裂特征增强。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料拉伸性能的研究

研究了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的室温拉伸性能与断裂机理。结果表明,由于材料变形的区域化及残余应力的存在,使应用传统的测量均匀材料强度的方法来测量颗粒增强金属基复合材料(PRMMCs)强度会产生一定的误差。断口分析显示,PRMMCs的断裂也属于MNG断裂模式。     

原位自生TiB增强Ti-55531合金复合材料组织与力学性能研究

采用真空自耗电弧熔炼及近等温热塑性变形方法制备了原位自生TiB/Ti-55531复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及万能材料试验机等研究了增强相含量对其组织与力学性能的影响规律,并分析其失效断裂机制。结果表明,热处理态TiB/Ti-55531复合材料的组织特征为α相、TiB增强相弥散分布于β基体。随着TiB增强相的引入及含量增加,复合材料的基体晶粒明显细化,沿晶界分布的粗条状α相逐渐球化,抗拉强度、屈服强度、杨氏模量明显增加,延伸率有不同程度降低。2vol%TiB/Ti-55531复合材料的强塑性匹配较好,抗拉强度为1444.2 MPa,屈服强度为1421.4 MPa,杨氏模量为115.5 GPa,延伸率为9.2%。随着TiB增强相的引入及含量增加,拉伸试样断口的韧窝数量减少,深度变浅,断裂机制逐渐从韧性断裂向混合断裂转变。     

基于真实微观结构的SiC_p/Al复合材料轧制过程模拟

SiCp/Al复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、高耐磨性、低热膨胀系数和高热导率的优点,主要应用于航空航天领域中的关键结构件。轧制是生产SiCp/Al复合材料最常用的塑性加工手段之一。在轧制SiCp/Al复合材料时,坯料容易产生边部裂纹缺陷,这种缺陷除了与复合材料塑性较差有关之外,还与轧制压下量选择不合理有关。为了准确预测SiCp/Al复合材料的轧制缺陷,建立了基于SiCp/Al复合材料真实微观结构的板材轧制过程有限元模型,该模型中嵌入了基体延性损伤断裂、颗粒脆性断裂和界面损伤断裂模型。用实验曲线校对法确定了损伤断裂模型参数。模拟了相对压下量为5%,10%,20%和25%时SiCp/Al复合材料的轧制过程,结果表明,在相对压下量为25%时,变形不均匀引起的边部拉应力导致了对应区域微观结构的损伤断裂,从而使复合材料板材产生边裂缺陷。在拉应力作用下,孔隙在增强颗粒与基体材料界面处形核,随着变形进行,孔隙在基体材料中扩展聚集,最终导致复合材料产生边裂缺陷。SiCp/Al复合材料板材轧制的数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

热等静压法制备NbC颗粒增强45CrMoV复合材料的组织与性能

采用机械球磨和热等静压(hot isostatic press,HIP)相结合的方法制备NbC颗粒增强45CrMoV弹簧钢基复合材料(NbCp/45CrMoV),观察该材料的显微组织、增强颗粒分布和界面结合情况,检测其相对密度、硬度、拉伸性能和摩擦磨损性能,并探讨其断裂行为和磨损机理。结果表明,NbCp/45CrMoV复合材料的组织均匀细小,NbC颗粒均匀地弥散分布在基体之中,且与基体界面结合良好,相对密度达到99%以上。与45CrMoV弹簧钢相比,该材料的硬度和弹性模量增大,分别为44 HRC和208 GPa,抗拉强度略有降低,为1 250 MPa;伸长率由11%减小到2%;耐磨性能大幅提高,特别是在高载荷下,例如700 N时,质量磨损只有HIP 45CrMoV的1/4,摩擦因数有所增大。     

(WO_3p+ABOw)/Al混杂复合材料制备与力学性能

采用湿成型法成功制备了比重差别大的WO3颗粒(WO3p)和硼酸铝晶须(ABOw)混杂预制块,用挤压铸造法制备混杂铝基复合材料。混杂复合材料中含(原子分数)5%WO3p和20%ABOw,不同大小的WO3p尺寸分别为18和3μm。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和万能拉伸试验机对制备的混杂复合材料试样进行微观组织观察和拉伸性能测试。复合材料组织观察表明,WO3p和ABOw在基体中随机、均匀地分布,在高倍照片中可以观察到大尺寸WO3p存在裂纹,铝液不能渗入到裂纹中。力学性能研究结果表明,尺寸较小的颗粒增强的复合材料具有高的抗拉强度和断裂延伸率;含大尺寸WO3p的混杂复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂延伸率分别为266.8,197.3 MPa和1.16%,含小尺寸WO3p的混杂复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为290.3,180.5 MPa和1.37%。复合材料拉伸断口形貌观察表明,两种不同WO3p尺寸的混杂复合材料断裂机制有所不同,大颗粒增强复合材料中大颗粒发生断裂,裂纹穿过颗粒扩展,晶须与界面脱粘;小颗粒增强复合材料中小颗粒与基体界面脱粘以及晶须与界面脱粘,但晶须脱粘数量明显减少,晶须拔出数量增多。     

原位TiC颗粒强化的Fe-Cr-Ni基复合材料的拉伸性能

研究了原位TiC颗粒强化的Fe-26Cr-14Ni基复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能,分析了该复合材料的断裂特征,结果表明,含5％和10％（体积分数,下同）的TiC复合材料的常温和高温综合拉伸性能明显高于基体合金;TiC含量为10％时具有最佳的高温拉伸性能,随着TiC体积分数的提高,复合材料的常温断裂由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变,该复合材料的高温断口形貌主要呈现出韧性断裂的特征。     

不同粒径的SiC体积配比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

为了研究不同粒径的Si C体积配比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织及拉伸性能的影响,采用高压扭转法(High-pressure torsion,HPT)将3.5μm(小)、7.0μm(大)SiC颗粒体积比分别为4∶1、1∶1、1∶4的SiC颗粒和纯Al粉末混合物制备成10%SiC_p/Al基复合材料(体积分数)。用金相显微镜、万能试验机、扫描电镜等分析2种粒径的Si C体积比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,随扭转半径增大,各试样的SiC颗粒分布更加均匀,颗粒团聚、偏聚现象减少,其中小、大SiC颗粒体积比为1∶1的试样性能最优,伸长率、相对密度最高,分别达到14.3%和99.1%,拉伸断裂形式为塑性断裂。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)