非平衡吸附特征的吸附床传热传质特性

建立椰壳活性炭-甲醇吸附式制冷系统吸附床传热传质数学模型,应用该模型进行具有非平衡吸附特性的吸附床传热传质研究,利用数值方法对数学模型进行求解,讨论了吸附床在冷却过程中吸附剂温度、吸附速率、吸附量、制冷系数以及单位质量吸附剂制冷功率与时间的关系,吸附床在加热过程中吸附剂温度、脱附速率及脱附量与时间的关系.研究结果表明:吸附床在整个吸附过程中的吸附速率存在一个峰值0.001 2 ks/s,吸附床在整个脱附过程中的脱附速率存在一个峰值0.001 7ks/s,吸附剂温度变化率在换热阶段趋于平缓,制冷系数值在吸附阶段近似呈线性增长,而单位质量吸附荆制冷功率在吸附阶段存在一个峰值35 kW/kW.     

ZSM-5沸石在空调应用中的吸附脱附性能研究

针对固体吸附式制冷在空调领域的应用,建立了一套采用ZSM-5沸石-水作为吸附工质对的实验研究系统,对其吸附脱附性能进行了实验研究,得到了吸附脱附性能曲线。比较了不同吸附床温度以及吸附床有无保温情况下,ZSM-5沸石分子筛对水的吸附情况:低温情况对水蒸气的吸附量随吸附时间明显增加,但吸附率逐渐变慢;床温升高,吸附剂达到吸附平衡所需时间缩短,平衡吸附量则有所降低。     

循环周期对吸附制冷管性能的影响与分析

设计制作了一种类似于热管、以13X分子筛-水为工质对的吸附制冷单管,吸附制冷单管直径为19 mm,吸附制冷单管由吸附床段和蒸发\冷凝段组成,其中吸附床段长800 mm,蒸发冷凝段长260 mm。吸附制冷系统由吸附制冷单管、管式电炉和数据采集装置组成,利用本装置对影响吸附制冷单管性能的循环周期、吸/脱附时间比进行了一系列实验研究,并利用数值模拟对分析结果进行了理论分析。研究表明:当吸附时间和脱附时间相等时,在不同脱附温度下,循环周期存在一个相应的最佳值,脱附温度越高,相应的最佳循环周期越长;适当增加一个循环周期内吸附时间所占比例可有效提高单元管制冷功率。对于此吸附单元管,在脱附温度为310℃时,吸附时间35 min、脱附时间25 min时,吸附制冷单管制冷功率达到最大值4.97 W,其单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率SCP为57.73W/kg,比吸附时间和脱附时间均为30 min时的制冷功率提高6.65%。     

啶虫脒在超高交联吸附树脂上的吸附及脱附性能研究

本文从动态和静态的角度研究了均苯四甲酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（PMAR）和1,2,4-苯三酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂（TMAR）对啶虫脒的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明：两种树脂对啶虫眯的吸附和脱附效果都比较好,TMAR的静态吸附量为470．9mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为562．7mg·g^-1干树脂;PMAR的静态吸附量为453．4mg·g^-1干树脂,饱和吸附量为559．1mg·g^-1干树脂。两种树脂都易于脱附,用2mol·L^-1 HCl：乙醇（体积比1：1）作脱附剂,温度323K,脱附剂体积为9．5BV（床体积）时,PMAR的脱附率为98．13％,TMAR的脱附率为99．83％。     

活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能及氙脱附行为研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)前处理及再生前后动态吸附氙的性能差异, 重点研究了温度对氙脱附行为的影响. 结果表明, 前处理对活性炭纤维动态 吸附氙的性能有较大影响, 而再生处理对吸附?性能的影响不大. 高温加热氙的脱附效率>97%, 但存在150℃的温度阈值, 且在150℃以上, 温度 的变化对氙的脱附没有影响.     

单宁酸修饰的吸附树脂对对甲苯胺和对氯苯胺的吸附行为

通过Friede-l Crafts后交联及化学修饰反应制备了单宁酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(FZH-11)。通过等温吸附-脱附、吸附动力学和小柱动态吸附脱附实验,研究了FZH-11树脂对对甲苯胺和对氯苯胺的吸附性能。结果表明,FZH-11树脂有较高比表面积和微孔面积,对苯胺类化合物有良好的吸附性能,对对甲苯胺和对氯苯胺的吸附过程存在着明显化学吸附作用。FZH-11树脂对苯胺类化合物的吸附可分为大孔和中孔区的吸附与微孔区的吸附两个独立的吸附动力学过程,均可用准一级动力学方程进行拟合。10%的HCl溶液对吸附苯胺类化合物饱和后的FZH-11树脂有良好的再生效果。     

蔗渣活性炭二次活化制备及其吸附CO2性能研究

以蔗渣为原料, 以ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出活性炭AC, 并用KOH对活性炭AC进行二次活化制备活性炭KAC。用热重法测定材料的CO₂吸附脱附性能, 傅里叶红外光谱、氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜对样品进行表征。结果表明：KAC具有优异的CO₂吸附性能, 在60℃下其对CO₂吸附量可达3.45 mmol/g, 而AC的CO₂吸附量仅有1.79 mmol/g。KAC的CO₂吸附能力明显优于AC。循环吸附脱附的结果表明, 经过5次吸附-脱附, 材料的吸附量无显著变化, 表明材料具有良好的再生性能。傅里叶红外分析结果表明两种活性炭材料的特征峰基本一致, 活性炭表面官能团中羟基和羧基可以使活性炭表面的极性增大。氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜结果表明材料都具有发达的孔径结构, 但KAC的孔径结构比AC更发达, 因此其对CO₂的吸附能力也更强。     

孔结构分布对活性炭-甲醇工质对吸附制冷特性的影响

本文通过前体物复配、催化炭化、CO2接触氧化与梯度催化活化相结合的改进工艺,对压块活性炭的孔结构进行原位调控,制备了中微孔同步发达的GHUM型与中孔发达的SX-100型活性炭;以微孔炭GDWK-02为参比,研究了孔结构分布调控对活性炭-甲醇工质对的吸附/脱附特性及制冷性能的影响。结果表明：中微孔同步发达的GHUM炭孔结构促进了对制冷剂的凝聚与扩散作用,对甲醇的吸附量（368.04mg/g±4.64mg/g）、脱附量（375.92mg/g±7.38 mg/g）及表面扩散系数（299.32±123.16）较SX-100和GDWK-02均有所提升;且脱附温度为100 ℃时,GHUM型吸附床内部传热温差高达50 ℃,制冷室平均温度维持在23±1 ℃,系统制冷量和制冷功率分别可达286.12 kJ/kg、357.65 kJ/(kg?h),满足夏季制冷送风空调系统维持室内恒温的需求,且显示了良好的传热和制冷性能。     

稀土Sm掺杂的YbBaCo4O7+δ纳米粉体制备及其氧吸附性能的研究

采用溶胶凝胶制备了不同浓度Sm掺杂的YbBaCo₄O_7+δ氧吸附材料，并利用XRD分析、SEM和差热分析仪等仪器对其进行了结构、形貌、氧吸附/脱附性能分析，研究了不同浓度Sm掺杂对YbBaCo₄O_7+δ氧吸附/脱附性能的影响，测试结果表明：在较低掺杂浓度下，稀土元素Sm完全进入了Yb_1-xSm_xBaCo₄O_7+δ纳米粉体的晶格，Yb_1-xSm_xBaCo₄O_7+δ纳米粉体仍是单一的114相结构；稀土元素Sm掺杂对Yb_1-xSm_xBaCo₄O_7+δ纳米粉体的形貌影响较小。氧吸附/脱附性能测试结果表明：一定量的稀土元素Sm掺杂可以明显提高的YbBaCo₄O_7+δ纳米粉体的氧吸附性能，YbBaCo     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合材料的制备及吸附研究进展

综述了近年来氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖新型复合材料的研究进展,侧重介绍了该材料的常用制备方法及其对重金属离子和有机染料的吸附情况,讨论了该复合材料的脱附再生性能,指出了目前研究中尚存在的问题,并对未来的研究工作提出了一些建议。     

Study of a novel silica gel–water adsorption chiller. Part I. Design and performance prediction

A novel silica gel–water adsorption chiller is designed and its performance is predicted in this work. This adsorption chiller includes three vacuum chambers: two adsorption/desorption (or evaporation/condensation) vacuum chambers and one heat pipe working vacuum chamber as the evaporator. One adsorber, one condenser and one evaporator are housed in the same chamber to constitute an adsorption/desorption unit. The evaporators of two adsorption/desorption units are combined together by a heat-pipe heat exchanger to make continuous refrigerating capacity. In this chiller, a vacuum valve is installed between the two adsorption/desorption vacuum chambers to increase its performance especially when the chiller is driven by a low temperature heat source. The operating reliability of the chiller rises greatly because of using fewer valves. Furthermore, the performance of the chiller is predicted. The simulated results show that the refrigerating capacity is more than 10 kW under a typical working condition with hot water temperature of 85 °C, the cooling water temperature of 31 °C and the chilled water inlet temperature of 15 °C. The COP exceeds 0.5 even under a heat source temperature of 65 °C.     

Impact of fin spacing on temperature distribution in adsorption cooling system for vehicle A/C applications

Effects of fin spacing on the temperature distribution in a finned tube adsorber bed are studied to decrease the temperature gradient inside the adsorber bed and minimize the adsorber bed to adsorbent mass ratio (AAMR) for vehicle air conditioning applications. Finned tube adsorber beds have shown higher specific cooling power and coefficient of performance, and low AAMR among the existing adsorber beds. A single-adsorber bed ACS with interchangeable heat exchangers is built and equipped with hermetic type T thermocouples. Two copper heat exchangers with 6.35 mm (1/4″) and 9.5 mm (3/8″) fin spacing are custom-built and packed with 2–4 mm silica gel beads. The experimental results show that by decreasing the fin spacing from 9.5 mm to 6.35 mm, the temperature difference between the fin and adsorbent reduces by 4.6 °C under the cycle time of 600 s and an adsorption to desorption time ratio (ADTR) of one. A greater reduction in the temperature gradient inside the adsorber bed with smaller fin spacing is observed for short cycle time operation, e.g. 600 s, compared to long cycle time operation, e.g. 1400 s. Finally, simultaneous comparison of the temperature gradient between the fins and AAMR against fin spacing indicates that the optimum fin spacing for a finned tube heat exchanger packed with 2–4 mm silica gel beads is about 6 mm.     

Thermal swing adsorption refrigeration (heat pump)

A review of the possibilities of thermal swing adsorption processes for refrigeration and heat pumping is presented. Adsorbent-adsorbate pairs suited for such development are examined, and processes using adsorbers with or without temperature gradients are discussed. It is shown that these adsorptionbased devices have significant potentials provided the heat and mass transfer rates of the adsorption/ desorption steps can be enhanced. Possible ways of enhancing adsorber performances are explored.     

Study on adsorption refrigeration cycle utilizing activated carbon fibers. Part 1. Adsorption characteristics

Thermal heat driven adsorption systems using natural refrigerants have been focused on the recent energy utilization trend. However, the drawbacks of these adsorption systems are their poor performance in terms of system cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). The objective of this paper is to improve the performance of thermally powered adsorption cooling system by selecting new adsorbent–refrigerant pair. Adsorption capacity of adsorbent–refrigerant pair depends on the thermophysical properties (pore size, pore volume and pore diameter) of adsorbent and isothermal characteristics of the pair. In this paper, the thermophysical properties of two PAN types of activated carbon fibers (FX-400 and KF-1000) are determined from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The standard nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption measurements on various adsorbents at liquid nitrogen of temperature 77.3 K were performed. Surface area of each adsorbent was determined by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) plot of nitrogen adsorption data. Pore size distribution was measured by the Horvath and Kawazoe (HK) method. As of the adsorption/desorption isotherms, FX-400 shows very small hysteresis when the value of P/P_o exceeds 0.4, while KF-1000 has no hysteresis in the whole range of P/P_o. The adsorption capacity of FX-400 is about 30% higher than that of KF-1000. The adsorption equilibrium data of activated carbon fiber (ACF)-methanol are presented and correlated with simple equations. The adsorption equilibrium data of ACF (KF-1000)-water also presented in order to facilitate comparison with those of ACFs-methanol pair. The results will contribute significantly in designing the adsorber/desorber heat exchanger for thermally driven adsorption cooling system.     

CFD simulation and experimental validation of ethanol adsorption onto activated carbon packed heat exchanger

Experimental validation of simulated adsorber/desorber beds for sorption cooling applications is essential to obtain reliable results. We have conducted rigorous simulation of the adsorption process occurring in a finned tube adsorber utilizing 2D-axisymmetric geometry. The adsorber uses activated carbon–ethanol as adsorbent–refrigerant pair. It is cooled with water at nearly 30 °C and experiencing a sharp pressure increase of ethanol from 0.95 kPa initially to 6 kPa. The simulated temperatures at adsorbent thicknesses of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mm from tube outer diameter showed an increase in adsorbent temperature up to 20 °C from its initial temperature. They were slightly higher at start of adsorption and were consistent with experimental data at higher flow time. The validated CFD model will serve as a base for evaluating and optimizing activated carbon–ethanol adsorption cooling cycle. It can be extended also to different adsorber designs and other adsorbent–adsorbate pairs.     

径向流分子筛吸附器流场数值模拟

介绍了径向流分子筛吸附器的主要结构和工作原理。采用CFD软件对径向流分子筛吸附器流场进行了模拟计算,分析了径向流分子筛吸附器流场压力分布和气体流动速度分布,比较分子筛层和氧化铝层中不同位置处的速度分布曲线,预测径向流分子筛吸附器吸附工作时吸附饱和临界突破位置。     

Study on adsorption refrigeration cycle utilizing activated carbon fibers. Part 2. Cycle performance evaluation

Thermal heat driven adsorption systems have been gained considerable attention on the recent energy utilization trend. However, the drawbacks of these adsorption systems are their poor performance. It is urgently necessary to improve the system performance of the adsorption cycles. There are two major ways for the system performance improvement. One is to develop new adsorbent material well suited to low temperature heat regeneration. The other is to enhance heat and mass transfer in the adsorber/desorber heat exchanger. The objective of the paper is to investigate the system performance of an adsorption cycle. The cycle utilizes activated carbon fiber (ACF)/methanol as adsorbent/refrigerant pair. In this paper, specific cooling effect SCE and COP of the system are numerically evaluated from the adsorption equilibrium theory with different hot, cooling and chilled fluid inlet temperatures. It is confirmed that the influences of hot, cooling and chilled fluid inlet temperatures on the system performance are qualitatively similar to those of silica gel/water pair. Even though, the driving temperature levels of ACF/methanol and silica gel/water are different. There is an optimum condition for COP to reach at maximum for ACF/methanol pair. Particularly, the ACF/methanol system shows better performance with lower chilled fluid inlet temperature between −20 and 20 °C.     

Study of different internal vapour transports for adsorption cycles with heat regeneration

A ‘three-temperature’ model of the adsorption cycles with heat regeneration is used for investigating and analysing the influence of different parameters on the performance of such cycles. The influence of the heat source temperature on the thermodynamic efficiency (COP/COP_Carnot) is investigated. The result is that the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle is always limited. In order to reduce the internal irreversibilities, different internal vapour transports for pressurising (depressurisation) the adsorber are investigated: first, adiabatic direct pressurisation (depressurisation) with the condenser (evaporator) instead of pressure changes by heat transfer; second, adiabatic internal vapour recovery between the adsorbers (partial pressurisation/depressurisation); third, separation of the adsorber into separate compartments between which vapour cannot be redistributed during pressurisation or depressurisation. Results show that the first process significantly reduces the COP, while the second one enhances the cooling power, and the third one does not change the performance. Analysis gives satisfactory explanation of these results.     

固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附床内的传热传质过程分析和强化

利用多孔性物质的吸附分离原理分析了固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附剂颗粒和整个吸附床的传热传质特性,并在此基础上介绍了目前国内外强化吸附床传热传质性能的主要措施。