A statistical experiment design approach for advanced oxidation of Direct Red azo-dye by photo-Fenton treatment

Advanced oxidation of an azo-dye, Direct Red 28 (DR 28) by photo-Fenton treatment was investigated in batch experiments using Box-Behnken statistical experiment design and the response surface analysis. Dyestuff (DR 28), H(2)O(2) and Fe(II) concentrations were selected as independent variables in Box-Behnken design while color and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (mineralization) were considered as the response functions. Color removal increased with increasing H(2)O(2) and Fe(II) concentrations up to a certain level. High concentrations of H(2)O(2) and Fe(II) adversely affected the color and TOC removals due to hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of high oxidant and catalyst concentrations. Both H(2)O(2) and Fe(II) concentration had profound effects on decolorization. Percent color removal was higher than TOC removal indicating formation of colorless organic intermediates. Complete color removal was achieved within 5min while complete mineralization took nearly 15min. The optimal reagent doses varied depending on the initial dyestuff dose. For the highest dyestuff concentration tested, the optimal H(2)O(2)/Fe(II)/dyestuff ratio resulting in the maximum color removal (100%) was predicted to be 715/71/250 (mgL(-1)), while this ratio was 1550/96.5/250 for maximum mineralization (97.5%).     

Color, TOC and AOX removals from pulp mill effluent by advanced oxidation processes: a comparative study

Pulp mill effluent containing toxic chemicals was treated by different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) consisting of treatments by hydrogen peroxide, Fenton's reagent (H2O2/Fe2+), UV, UV/H2O2, photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe2+), ozonation and peroxone (ozone/H2O2) in laboratory-scale reactors for color, total organic carbon (TOC) and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) removals from the pulp mill effluent. Effects of some operating parameters such as the initial pH, oxidant and catalyst concentrations on TOC, color, AOX removals were investigated. Almost every method used resulted in some degree of color removal from the pulp mill effluent. However, the Fenton's reagent utilizing H2O2/Fe2+ resulted in the highest color, TOC and AOX removals under acidic conditions when compared with the other AOPs tested. Approximately, 88% TOC, 85% color and 89% AOX removals were obtained by the Fenton's reagent at pH 5 within 30 min. Photo-Fenton process yielded comparable TOC (85%), color (82%) and AOX (93%) removals within 5 min due to oxidations by UV light in addition to the Fenton's reagent. Fast oxidation reactions by the photo-Fenton treatment makes this approach more favorable as compared to the others used.     

Identification of produced powerful radicals involved in the mineralization of bisphenol A using a novel UV-Na(2)S(2)O(8)/H(2)O(2)-Fe(II,III) two-stage oxidation process

A two-stage oxidation (UV-Na(2)S(2)O(8)/H(2)O(2)-Fe(II,III)) process was applied to mineralize bisphenol A (BPA) at pH(i) (initial pH) 7. We take advantage of the high oxidation potential of sulfate radicals and use persulfate as the 1st-stage oxidant to oxidize BPA to less complex compounds (stoichiometric ratio: [S(2)O(8)(2-)](0)/[BPA](0)=1). Afterwards, the traditional photo-Fenton process was used to mineralize those compounds to CO(2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to utilize the two processes in conjunction for the complete degradation of BPA. During the 2nd-stage reaction, other oxidants (H(2)O(2) and Iron alone) were also employed to observe the extent of enhancement of photo-Fenton. Further, qualitative identification of both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals was performed to evaluate their dominance under different conditions. The BPA degradation in this UV/persulfate process formulated a pseudo-first-order kinetic model well, with a rate constant of approximately 0.038 min(-1) (25 degrees C), 0.057 min(-1) (35 degrees C), and 0.087 min(-1) (50 degrees C), respectively. The much lower activation energy (DeltaE = 26 kJ mol(-1)) was further calculated to clarify that the thermal-effect of an illuminated system differs from single heat-assisted systems described in other research. Final total organic carbon (TOC) removal levels of BPA by the use of such two-stage oxidation processes were 25-34%, 25%, and 87-91% for additional Fe(II,III) activation, H(2)O(2) promotion, and Fe(II,III)/H(2)O(2) promotions, respectively.     

A comparative study of the advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using UV, UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment were investigated at laboratory scale for aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The effects on degradation of different reactant concentrations, irradiation time, temperature and pH were assessed. DCP removal, TOC mineralization, dechlorination and change in oxidation state were monitored. UV photolysis was less efficient for total DCP degradation than other AOPs. In contrast, photo-Fenton reaction in acidic conditions led to a higher DCP degradation in a short time. Sixty minutes of treatment were sufficient for 100% DCP removal with 75 mg l(-1) H2O2 and 10 mg l(-1) Fe(II) initial concentrations. In these conditions, a first-order degradation constant for DCP of 0.057 min(-1) was obtained.     

Oxidative decomposition of p-nitroaniline in water by solar photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process

The degradation of p-nitroaniline (PNA) in water by solar photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process was investigated in this study. The effects of different reaction parameters including pH value of solutions, dosages of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion, initial PNA concentration and temperature on the degradation of PNA have been studied. The optimum conditions for the degradation of PNA in water were considered to be: the pH value at 3.0, 10 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2), 0.05 mmol L(-1) Fe(2+), 0.072-0.217 mmol L(-1) PNA and temperature at 20 degrees C. Under the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiencies of PNA were more than 98% within 30 min reaction. The degradation characteristic of PNA showed that the conjugated pi systems of the aromatic ring in PNA molecules were effectively destructed. The experimental results indicated solar photo-Fenton process has more advantages compared with classical Fenton process, such as higher oxidation power, wider working pH range, lower ferrous ion usage, etc. Furthermore, the present study showed the potential use of solar photo-Fenton process for PNA containing wastewater treatment.     

Characterization and photo-Fenton treatment of used tires leachate

In this study the leachates derived from used tires were firstly characterized by means of the evaluation of their organic matter content. The leachate from tire powder presented a COD value of 508 mg O(2) l(-1) and a TOC of 214 mg Cl (-1). The main identified organic substances were constituents of the rubber structure: benzothiazole derivatives, phthalates, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons and fatty acids. The application of photo-Fenton treatment was investigated in order to obtain the maximum organic matter removal. When a solar chamber as light source was used (light intensity=500 Wm(-2)), the best operational conditions were the following: [H(2)O(2)]=3703 mg l(-1), [Fe(2+)]=92.1 mg l(-1), initial pH 2.7-3.0, reaction time=100 min. After the photo-Fenton treatment at optimum conditions, the reached COD and TOC reduction was 64% and 48%, respectively. The main initial organic substances were eliminated after the reaction and no significant by-products were identified. A complementary treatment consisted of coagulation-flocculation carried out with FeCl(3) x 6H(2)O at pH 12 produced a maximum organic matter removal of 43% as COD and 39% as TOC. A combination of photo-Fenton followed by coagulation-flocculation enhanced the organic matter removal: a reduction of 77% of COD and 64% of TOC was attained.     

Use of advanced oxidation processes to improve the biodegradability of mature landfill leachates

Two advanced oxidative processes (Fe2+/H2O2/UV and H2O2/UV systems) were used for the pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate with the objective of improving its overall biodegradability, evaluated in terms of BOD5/COD ratio, up to a value compatible with biological treatment. At optimized experimental conditions (2000 mgL(-1) of H2O2 and 10 mgL(-1) of Fe2+ for the photo-Fenton system, and 3000 mgL(-1) of H2O2 for the H2O2/UV system), both methods showed suitability for partial removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and color. The biodegradability was significantly improved (BOD5/COD from 0.13 to 0.37 or 0.42) which allowed an almost total removal of COD and color by a sequential activated sludge process. In addition, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) has showed a substantial agreement on the cleavage of large organic compound into smaller ones.     

A comparative study among different photochemical oxidation processes to enhance the biodegradability of paper mill wastewater

Advanced oxidation processes including UV, UV/H(2)O(2), Fenton reaction (Fe(II)/H(2)O(2)) and photo-Fenton process (Fe(II)/H(2)O(2)/UV) for the treatment of paper mill wastewater will be investigated. A comparison among these techniques is undertaken with respect to the decrease of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) and the evolution of chloride ions. Optimum operating conditions for each process under study revealed the effect of the initial amounts of Fe(II) and hydrogen peroxide. Of the tested processes, photo-Fenton process was found to be the fastest one with respect to COD and TSS reduction of the wastewater within 45 min reaction time under low amounts of Fe(II) and hydrogen peroxide of 0.5 and 1.5mg/L, respectively, and amounted to 79.6% and 96.6% COD and TSS removal. The initial biodegradability of the organic matter present in the effluent, estimated as the BOD(5)/COD, was low 0.21. When the effluent was submitted to the different types of AOPs used in this study, the biodegradability increases significantly. Within 45 min of reaction time, the photo-Fenton process appears as the most efficient process in the enhancement of the biodegradability of the organic matter in the effluent and the BOD(5)/COD ratio increased from 0.21 to 0.7.     

Pre-treatment of penicillin formulation effluent by advanced oxidation processes

A variety of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs; O3/OH-, H2O2/UV, Fe2+/H2O2, Fe3+/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2/UV and Fe3+/H2O2/UV) have been applied for the oxidative pre-treatment of real penicillin formulation effluent (average COD0 = 1395 mg/L; TOC0 = 920 mg/L; BOD(5,0) approximately 0 mg/L). For the ozonation process the primary involvement of free radical species such as OH* in the oxidative reaction could be demonstrated via inspection of ozone absorption rates. Alkaline ozonation and the photo-Fenton's reagents both appeared to be the most promising AOPs in terms of COD (49-66%) and TOC (42-52%) abatement rates, whereas the BOD5 of the originally non-biodegradable effluent could only be improved to a value of 100 mg/L with O3/pH = 3] treatment (BOD5/COD, f = 0.08). Evaluation on COD and TOC removal rates per applied active oxidant (AOx) and oxidant (Ox) on a molar basis revealed that alkaline ozonation and particularly the UV-light assisted Fenton processes enabling good oxidation yields (1-2 mol COD and TOC removal per AOx and Ox) by far outweighed the other studied AOPs. Separate experimental studies conducted with the penicillin active substance amoxicillin trihydrate indicated that the aqueous antibiotic substance can be completely eliminated after 40 min advanced oxidation applying photo-Fenton's reagent (pH = 3; Fe(2+):H2O2 molar ratio = 1:20) and alkaline ozonation (at pH = 11.5), respectively.     

Coupling solar photo-Fenton and biotreatment at industrial scale: main results of a demonstration plant

This paper reports on the combined solar photo-Fenton/biological treatment of an industrial effluent (initial total organic carbon, TOC, around 500mgL(-1)) containing a non-biodegradable organic substance (alpha-methylphenylglycine at 500mgL(-1)), focusing on pilot plant tests performed for design of an industrial plant, the design itself and the plant layout. Pilot plant tests have demonstrated that biodegradability enhancement is closely related to disappearance of the parent compound, for which a certain illumination time and hydrogen peroxide consumption are required, working at pH 2.8 and adding Fe(2+)=20mgL(-1). Based on pilot plant results, an industrial plant with 100m(2) of CPC collectors for a 250L/h treatment capacity has been designed. The solar system discharges the wastewater (WW) pre-treated by photo-Fenton into a biotreatment based on an immobilized biomass reactor. First, results of the industrial plant are also presented, demonstrating that it is able to treat up to 500Lh(-1) at an average solar ultraviolet radiation of 22.9Wm(-2), under the same conditions (pH, hydrogen peroxide consumption) tested in the pilot plant.     

Alkydic resin wastewaters treatment by fenton and photo-Fenton processes

Advanced oxidation processes are an emerging option to treatment of the painting industry effluents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and phenolic compounds removal from wastewaters generated during alkydic resins manufacture. The optimized treatment conditions are the following: pH 3.0, 15.15x10(-3)molL(-1) FeSO(4) and 0.30molL(-1) H(2)O(2) for a reaction time of 6h. photo-Fenton experiments were carried out in the presence of sunlight or artificial radiation and complementary additions of H(2)O(2) were made for all experiments. The best results were obtained with photo-Fenton process assisted with solar radiation, with reductions of 99.5 and 99.1% of COD and TOC levels, respectively. Fenton and photo-Fenton (with artificial irradiation) processes presented lower but not insignificant removals, within 60-80% reduction for both COD and TOC. In addition, an excellent removal (95%) of total phenols was obtained using photo-Fenton process assisted with artificial irradiation. This study demonstrated that the use of photo-Fenton process on alkydic resins wastewater treatment is very promising especially when solar light is used.     

Photodegradation of Reactive Black 5, Direct Red 28 and Direct Yellow 12 using UV, UV/H(2)O(2) and UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+): a comparative study

The photodegradation of three commercially available dyestuffs (C.I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. RB5, C.I. Direct Yellow 12, C.I. DY12, and C.I. Direct Red 28, C.I. DR28) by UV, UV/H(2)O(2) and UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(II) processes was investigated in a laboratory-scale batch photoreactor equipped with an 16W immersed-type low-pressure mercury vapour lamp. The experimental results were assessed in terms of absorbance and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. The initial concentration was kept constant at 100 mg l(-1) for all dyes. Initial results showed that, color removal efficiencies by UV or H(2)O(2) alone were negligible for all dyes. Almost complete disappearance of C.I. RB5 (99%) and DY12 (98%) in UV/H(2)O(2) process was possible to achieve after 60 min of irradiation. The maximum color removal efficiency of C.I. DR28 after 60 min of irradiation, however, was only 40% and reached a maximum value of 70% after 120 min of irradiation. Corresponding mineralization efficiencies were 50, 55 and 7-12%, respectively. The addition of Fe(II) to the system, so-called the photo-Fenton process, greatly enhanced the color removal, the efficiencies being 98, 88 and 85% for C.I. RB5, C.I. DY12 and C.I. DR28 only after 5 min of irradiation. Corresponding mineralization efficiencies were 98% for 45 min irradiation, 100% for 60 min irradiation and 98% for 90 min irradiation, respectively. However, marginal benefit was less significant in the higher range of both H(2)O(2) and Fe(II). Furthermore, decreases in both decolorization and mineralization were observed at higher concentrations of oxidant and catalyst due to the scavenging effect of excess H(2)O(2) and OH radicals. The degradation of all dyes was found to follow first-order reaction kinetics.     

Combined Fenton oxidation and aerobic biological processes for treating a surfactant wastewater containing abundant sulfate

The present study is to investigate the treatment of a surfactant wastewater containing abundant sulfate by Fenton oxidation and aerobic biological processes. The operating conditions have been optimized. Working at an initial pH value of 8, a Fe2+ dosage of 600mgL(-1) and a H2O2 dosage of 120mgL(-1), the chemical oxidation demand (COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) were decreased from 1500 and 490mgL(-1) to 230 and 23mgL(-1) after 40min of Fenton oxidation, respectively. Advanced oxidation pretreatment using Fenton reagent was very effective at enhancing the biodegradability of this kind of wastewater. The wastewater was further treated by a bio-chemical treatment process based on an immobilized biomass reactor with a hydraulic detention time (HRT) of 20h after Fenton oxidation pretreatment under the optimal operating conditions. It was found that the COD and LAS of the final effluent were less than 100 and 5mgL(-1), corresponding to a removal efficiencies of over 94% and 99%, respectively.     

Photochemical mineralization of di-n-butyl phthalate with H2O2/Fe3+

This study evaluated the performance of photo-Fenton reaction initiated by the UV irradiation with H(2)O(2)/Fe(3+), denoted as UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(3+), to decompose di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in the aqueous solution. The concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) was chosen as a mineralization index of the decomposition of DBP by the UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(3+) process. A second-order kinetic model with respect to TOC was adequately adopted to represent the mineralization of DBP by the UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(3+) process. The experimental results of this study suggested that the dosages with 4.74 x 10(-5) mol min(-1)L(-1) H(2)O(2) and initial Fe(3+) loading concentration of 4.50 x 10(-4) mol L(-1) in the solution at pH 3.0 with 120 microW cm(-2) UV (312 nm) provided the optimal operation conditions for the mineralization of DBP (5 mg L(-1)) yielding a 92.4% mineralization efficiency at 90 min reaction time.     

Treatability of a simulated disperse dye-bath by ferrous iron coagulation, ozonation, and ferrous iron-catalyzed ozonation

Dyeing and finishing of textile yarns and fabrics are extremely important processes in terms of both quality and environmental concerns. Among the commercial textile dyes, particularly disperse dyestuffs are of environmental interest because of their widespread use, their potential for formation of toxic aromatic amines and their low removal rate during aerobic waste treatment as well as advanced chemical oxidation. Thus, in the present paper ferrous iron coagulation, ozonation and ferrous iron-catalyzed ozonation were employed at varying pH (3-13) and Fe(II)-ion doses (0.09-18mM) for the treatment of a simulated disperse dye-bath (average initial apparent color as absorbance at 566nm=815.4m(-1); COD(0)=3784mgl(-1); TOC(0)=670mgl(-1); BOD(5,0)=58mgl(-1)) that more closely resembled an actual dyehouse effluent than an aqueous disperse dye solution. Coagulation with 5000mgl(-1) FeSO4-7H2O (18mM Fe(2+)) at pH 11 removed up to 97% color and 54% COD, whereas oxidation via ozonation alone (applied ozone dose=2300mgl(-1)) was only effective at pH 3, resulting in 77% color and 11% COD removal. Fe(II)-ion-catalyzed ozonation (3.6mM Fe(2+) at pH 3; Fe(2+):O3 molar ratio 1:14) eliminated 95% color and 48% COD and appeared to be the most attractive option among the investigated chemical treatment methods as for its applicability at the natural acidic pH of the disperse dye-bath effluent and at relatively low Fe(2+)-ion doses as compared to ferrous sulfate coagulation. However, no TOC reduction was observable for ozonation and catalytic ozonation at the investigated reaction conditions (14gl(-1) O3 at pH 3). An average six-fold enhancement in the biodegradability parameter of the synthetic dye wastewater expressed in terms of the BOD(5)/COD ratio could be achieved by the investigated chemical treatment methods.     

The decolorization and mineralization of acid orange 6 azo dye in aqueous solution by advanced oxidation processes: a comparative study

The comparison of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e. ultraviolet (UV)/TiO(2), O(3), O(3)/UV, O(3)/UV/TiO(2), Fenton and electrocoagulation (EC), is of interest to determine the best removal performance for the destruction of the target compound in an Acid Orange 6 (AO6) solution, exploring the most efficient experimental conditions as well; on the other hand, the results may provide baseline information of the combination of different AOPs in treating industrial wastewater. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) in the effects of individual and combined ozonation and photocatalytic UV irradiation, both O(3)/UV and O(3)/UV/TiO(2) processes exhibit remarkable TOC removal capability that can achieve a 65% removal efficiency at pH 7 and O(3) dose=45mg/L; (2) the optimum pH and ratio of [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)] found for the Fenton process, are pH 4 and [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)]=6.58. The optimum [H(2)O(2)] and [Fe(2+)] under the same HF value are 58.82 and 8.93mM, respectively; (3) the optimum applied voltage found in the EC experiment is 80V, and the initial pH will affect the AO6 and TOC removal rates in that acidic conditions may be favorable for a higher removal rate; (4) the AO6 decolorization rate ranking was obtained in the order of O(3)相似文献   

Treatment of 1,10-phenanthroline laboratory wastewater using the solar photo-Fenton process

The red Fe(2+)-phenanthroline complex is the basis of a classical spectrophotometric method for determination of iron. Due to the toxicity of this complexing agent, direct disposal of the wastewaters generated in analytical laboratories is not environmentally safe. This work evaluates the use of the solar photo-Fenton process for the treatment of laboratory wastewaters containing phenanthroline. Firstly, the degradation of phenanthroline in water was evaluated at two concentration levels (0.1 and 0.01%, w/v) and the efficiencies of degradation using ferrioxalate (FeOx) and ferric nitrate were compared. The 0.01% w/v solution presented much higher mineralization, achieving 82% after 30min of solar irradiation with both iron sources. The solar photo-Fenton treatment of laboratory wastewater containing, in addition to phenanthroline, other organic compounds such as herbicides and 4-chlorophenol, equivalent to 4,500mgL(-1) total organic carbon (TOC) resulted in total degradation of phenanthroline and 25% TOC removal after 150min, in the presence of either FeOx or ferric nitrate. A ratio of 1:10 dilution of the residue increased mineralization in the presence of ferrioxalate, achieving 38% TOC removal after 120min, while use of ferric nitrate resulted in only 6% mineralization over the same period.     

Application of Fenton oxidation to cosmetic wastewaters treatment

The removal of organic matter (TOC and COD) from a cosmetic wastewater by Fenton oxidation treatment has been evaluated. The operating conditions (temperature as well as ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide dosage) have been optimized. Working at an initial pH equal to 3.0, a Fe(2+) concentration of 200 mg/L and a H(2)O(2) concentration to COD initial weight ratio corresponding to the theoretical stoichiometric value (2.12), a TOC conversion higher than 45% at 25 degrees C and 60% at 50 degrees C was achieved. Application of the Fenton oxidation process allows to reach the COD regional limit for industrial wastewaters discharges to the municipal sewer system. A simple kinetic analysis based on TOC was carried out. A second-order equation describes well the overall kinetics of the process within a wide TOC conversion range covering up to the 80-90% of the maximum achievable conversion.     

Dechlorination of PCBs, CAHs, herbicides and pesticides neat and in soils at 25 degrees C using Na/NH3

The decomposition of aniline in supercritical water (SCW) was studied. Experiments were performed at various temperatures, pressures, residence times, dosage of oxidant H2O2 and initial aniline concentrations to investigate their effect on the destruction efficiency. Manganous sulfate and ferrous sulfate were screened out during the experiment to study the effect of the homogenous catalysts on destruction efficiency. The effect of pH was also studied. The experiments showed that the dosage of oxidant H2O2, experimental temperature, pressure, reaction residence time and even initial concentration of the aniline in wastewater have a significant affect on the TOC removal; manganous sulfate and ferrous sulfate improve the oxidation; TOC removal improves slightly with a decrease in the initial pH value. At a system temperature 450 degrees C, pressure 28 MPa, initial pH 4.0, residence time 46 s and K value 1.1, TOC removal can reach 100%.     

Degradation of dyehouse effluent containing C.I. Direct Blue 199 by processes of ozonation, UV/H2O2 and in sequence of ozonation with UV/H2O2

The decolorization and mineralization of cotton dyeing effluent containing C.I. Direct Blue 199 (DB 199) by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation, UV/H(2)O(2), and in sequence of ozonation with UV/H(2)O(2) processes were evaluated in this study. By ozonation alone, the color removal was almost 100% for DB 199 and greater than 80% for dye bath effluent rapidly within 5 and 15 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) was about 60% for DB 199 and almost no change for dye bath effluent, respectively due to incomplete mineralization. On the other hand, by UV/H(2)O(2) alone, the color removing not only took longer time but obtained lower removal efficiencies for DB 199 and dye bath effluent about 80% and 95% in 30 and 120 min, respectively. Nevertheless, it was more effective than ozonation for TOC removal while about 75% and 80% in 30 and 120 min, respectively. As a result, this study conducted the combination with the above two processes in order to shorten time demand as well as the higher removal efficiencies of both color and TOC simultaneously. Thus, the sequence process was designed to begin with ozonation to rapidly remove color proficiently, following by UV/H(2)O(2) in order to promptly remove remaining TOC efficiently. The successful process design by sequence of ozonation with UV/H(2)O(2) has proved the significant improvement for the removal of both color and TOC in dye bath effluent shortly. Besides, the lab prepared dye solution was substantially much easier to be decolorized than field dye bath effluent so that the lab results were utilized to design the further applications of pilot or full scale.