(Sm0.7Yb0.3)2Ce2O7陶瓷的热膨胀系数及热导率

以Sm2O3、Yb2O3和CeO2为原材料,采用固相反应法制备了(Sm0.7Yb0.3)2Ce2O7陶瓷材料,用X射线衍射(XRD分析了其相结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子能谱(EDS)分析其显微组织和元素组成,用推杆膨胀法和激光脉冲法测试了其热膨胀系数和热导率.结果表明,所制备的(Sm0.7Yb0.3)2Ce2O7具有典型的萤石结构,其微观组织致密,晶界清晰.Yb3+离子较小的离子半径使其热膨胀系数低于Sm2Ce2O7,基质原子与取代原子之间质量及尺寸之间的差别,使其具有比Sm2Ce2O7更低的热导率,该材料有潜力用作新型热障涂层表面陶瓷层材料.     

NaCl对BaZr0.63Ce0.27Y0.10O2.95/ZnO质子导体的烧结性与电化学性能的影响

采用机械混合和高温固相反应法,在2%(摩尔分数)ZnO掺杂BaZr0.63Ce0.27Y0.10O2.95的质子导体(BZCY-Z2)中添加0~15%(摩尔分数)NaCl,在1400℃保温4h,制备BaZr0.63Ce0.27Y0.10O2.95/ZnO/NaCl(BZCY-Z2-Cl)复相质子导体。结果显示,加入NaCl作为复相烧结助剂后,由于出现液相,降低了试样的烧结温度与保温时间,从而改善了试样的烧结性能;NaCl均匀分布于晶界,改善了晶界特性,提高了晶界质子导电性,质子导体于700℃时在湿氢气氛中总电导率达7.48×10–3S/cm;电解质支撑型单元电池测试结果表明,单电池在550、600、650和700℃下离子传导系数分别达到0.97、0.97、0.95和0.93,表明该电解层材料为良好的质子导体;700℃时功率密度为17 mW/cm2,由于电解层厚度较厚(0.9nm),导致输出功率相对较低。上述结果表明所制备的质子导体材料具有良好的电化学性能。     

Y_2O_3掺杂对La_2Zr_2O_7陶瓷结构与热物理性能的影响

用Y2O3掺杂La2Zr2O7制备(La1–xYx)2Zr2O7(x=0,0.1,0.2,x为摩尔分数)陶瓷材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光导热仪以及热膨胀仪分别对其物相结构、显微形貌、热导率及热膨胀性能进行表征。结果表明,(La1–xYx)2Zr2O7为立方烧绿石结构,显微结构致密,在室温至1 450℃范围内具有良好的高温相稳定性。La2Zr2O7掺杂小离子半径Y3+可提高其热膨胀系数(x=0.2),降低热扩散系数,并在高温下表现出类似于玻璃的超低热导率。1 000℃时,La1.6Y0.4Zr2O7的热导率为1.28 W/(m·K),平均热膨胀系数达到9.7×10–6/K。     

Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ的微结构和氧吸附性能

采用固相反应法制备了Y1–xGdxBaCo4O7+δ(x≤0.4)吸氧材料。利用X射线衍射(X-raydiffraction,XRD)和热重分析表征了样品的微结构和氧吸附性能。XRD结果表明:Gd掺杂量x≤0.2时,Y1–xGdxBaCo4O7+δ具有单相六方结构;x>0.2时,Y1–xGdxBaCo4O7+δ出现杂相。Rietveld精修XRD结果表明:Y1–xGdxBaCo4O7+δ(x≤0.2)样品的单胞参数和体积随Gd掺杂量增加而增大;Co—O键角变化不明显,Co—O键长变化较大,这使两种类型的CoO4四面体发生畸变。热重分析结果显示:从室温到1000℃,所有样品经历两次氧吸附过程,Gd掺杂的YBaCo4O7+δ最大吸氧量低于母相YBaCo4O7+δ的吸氧量,与氧的激活能有关。     

Y2O3和CeO2对镁砂烧结性能及显微结构的影响

以菱镁石于950℃制得的轻烧MgO粉(≤0.088 mm)为主要原料,分别加入质量分数为1%、2%、3%、4%的Y2O3和CeO2混匀,压制成型后于1 600℃煅烧3 h,冷却后测其体积密度和线收缩率,并利用XRD、SEM、EDS分析试样的物相组成及显微结构,以研究Y2O3和CeO2对镁砂烧结性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:1)引入Y2O3和CeO2均有利于镁砂的烧结致密化,镁砂试样的体积密度和烧后线收缩率随其加入量的增加而增大;在加入量相同的情况下,加入Y2O3对镁砂的促烧结作用比加入CeO2的更明显。2)引入的Y2O3和CeO2都有部分固溶于方镁石晶体内,使MgO晶格发生畸变,有利于MgO晶粒发育良好,晶粒长大,晶界明显;Y2O3能与镁砂中的CaO、SiO2形成钇硅酸盐相分布在晶粒之间,而部分CeO2以游离形式存在于晶粒之间。3)与引入CeO2的试样相比,引入Y2O3的试样中气孔更加集中,晶界更加清晰,MgO晶粒尺寸较大,这是由于Y2O3和CeO2的性质差异造成稀土离子参与固溶体粒子取代程度不同的缘故。     

催化剂MnyCezOx/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn基负载型催化剂,测定了它们催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性以及水蒸气对其催化性能的影响,研究结果表明所制备的催化剂对乙酸乙酯都具有明显的催化活性,其中催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性最高,其T90仅为225℃。催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3的抗水蒸气影响的能力也要高于催化剂MnOx/Al2O3。     

Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ的微结构和氧吸附性能（英文）

采用固相反应法制备了Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ(x≤0.4)吸氧材料。利用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和热重分析表征了样品的微结构和氧吸附性能。XRD结果表明:Gd掺杂量x≤0.2时,Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ具有单相六方结构;x>0.2时,Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ出现杂相。Rietveld精修XRD结果表明:Y1-xGdxBaCo4O7+δ(x≤0.2)样品的单胞参数和体积随Gd掺杂量增加而增大;Co—O键角变化不明显,Co—O键长变化较大,这使两种类型的CoO4四面体发生畸变。热重分析结果显示:从室温到1 000℃,所有样品经历两次氧吸附过程,Gd掺杂的YBaCo4O7+δ最大吸氧量低于母相YBaCo4O7+δ的吸氧量,与氧的激活能有关。     

Y2O3陶瓷粉末及Y对玻璃态Zr55Al15Ni10Cu20材料相析出的影响

在Zr55Al15Ni10Cu20(Zr55)材料中分别添加0.4 at%,1 at%的Y及1 at%,5 at%的Y2O3陶瓷粉末,再通过铜模吸铸得到棒状样品。通过透射电镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),高能X射线和扫描电镜(SEM)观察Y2O3的添加对Zr55Al15Ni10Cu20材料析出相的影响,并进一步研究了随着Y及Y2O3的添加,试样组织形貌的演变过程。研究发现,通过少量Y2O3的添加对Zr55Al15Ni10Cu20试样的玻璃形成能力影响不大。而直接添加Y对Zr55析出相的影响却尤为明显,Y的氧化物更是导致了Zr3Al5相的析出。这对于提高材料的玻璃形成能力起到了一定的限制。透射电镜(TEM)实验直接给出了Y2O3相作为形核核心导致Zr3Al5相析出的证据。     

Al2O3-3Al2O3·2SiO2-ZrO2耐火材料的相组成

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2系耐火材料应用范围广,特别被用作陶瓷辊,具有力学强度高、抗热震性能优良、耐碱类化合物侵蚀和高温蠕变率低的特性。Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2系耐火材料性能很大程度上取决于其结晶相和玻璃相的总量和化学成分,采用定量XRPD和XRF研究了原料中Al2O3/SiO2比和氧化铝颗粒尺寸分布对结晶相和玻璃相的总量及其化学成分的影响。耐火材料由莫来石、刚玉、ZrO2的多晶体和总量各异的玻璃相组成。莫来石含量及其晶胞参数和成分随烧成温度改变,但主要受原料中Al2O3/SiO2比的影响。     

Nd掺杂Gd2Zr2O7烧绿石的高温高压制备及其物相结构表征

为探索Gd2Zr2O7烧绿石在高温高压合成条件下的相选择、相转变及其对三价锕系核素模拟物Nd固溶度的影响,本实验采用高温高压固相反应法在合成压力为3～4GPa、合成温度为1573～1673K范围内合成了系列样品,并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对样品进行了分析。XRD结果表明:所有样品均获得了烧绿石(Gd,Nd)2Zr2O7与萤石Zr2(Gd,Nd)2O7共存相,未生成单一的立方烧绿石相,其原因可能是合成时间过短和压力诱导相变所致;模拟核素Nd在极短合成时间内全部固溶进入烧绿石和萤石相中,说明采用高温高压法可加快锕系核素在陶瓷基材中的固溶;Nd掺杂导致所有样品中P和F相的晶格常数均发生不同程度膨胀,且其值随合成温度的升高而增大,随合成压力的增加而减小;SEM结果显示在高温高压合成条件下,样品微观组织较一般烧绿石合成方法晶粒更加细小,分布更均匀且致密性好。     

Synthesis of Ba2TiOSi2O7 and Ba2TiOSi1.8Ge0.2O7 ferroelectric ceramics and the structure determination by Rietveld analysis

Polycrystalline ceramic samples of pure fresnoite compound of formula Ba₂TiOSi₂O₇ and germanium (Ge⁴⁺) doped compound Ba₂TiOSi_1.8Ge_0.2O₇ have been prepared by standard solid state reaction technique using high purity oxides and carbonates. The pure compound of fresnoite was sintered at 1300 °C while the Ge⁴⁺ substituted compound was sintered into pellet form at 1180 °C. The formation of the single phase compound was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the structural parameters were refined by the Rietveld analysis. A good agreement between observed and calculated X-ray diffraction pattern was obtained from the Rietveld refinement using noncentrosymmetric space group P4bm. The bond distances along with bond angles between atoms for both the compounds as well as the position of the atoms in the unit cell were calculated which supports the structural results. The grain size of both the compounds was investigated from SEM micrographs. The results are discussed in detail.     

Preparation and characterization of nanostructured La2Zr2O7 feedstock used for plasma spraying

The nanostructured La₂Zr₂O₇ (LZ) feedstock with high density, suitable size distribution and nearly spherical morphology which can be used for plasma spraying was prepared by spray drying in this study. The spray drying process was discussed. In addition, the formation mechanism of feedstock with hollow shell structure was discussed by finite element method in this paper. The double ceramic layer (DCL) LZ/YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings were prepared using the as prepared LZ feedstock. The average grain size computed by Scherrer formulation, the observation of powder size by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and “single splat” deposition experiment indicate that the as prepared LZ feedstock is nanostructured feedstock.     

Phase stability and thermo-physical properties of ZrO2-CeO2-TiO2 ceramics for thermal barrier coatings

The properties of ZrO₂ co-stabilized by CeO₂ and TiO₂ ceramic bulks were investigated for potential thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. Results showed that the (Ce_0.15Ti_x)Zr_0.85-xO7 (x?=?0.05, 0.10, 0.15) compositions with single tetragonal phase were more stable than the traditional 8YSZ at 1573?K. These compositions also showed a large thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and a high fracture toughness, which were comparable to those of YSZ. However, the phase stability, fracture toughness and sintering resistance of the CeO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂ system showed a decline tendency with the increase of TiO₂ content. The TEC of the ceramic bulks decreased with increase of TiO₂ content as well because the crystal energy was enhanced with increasing substitution of Zr⁴⁺ by smaller Ti⁴⁺. The (Ce_0.15Ti_0.05)Zr_0.8O₂ had the best comprehensive properties among the (Ce_0.15Ti_x)Zr_0.85-xO₂ compositions as well as a low thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be explored as a TBC candidate material for high-temperature applications.     

Experiments and transient finite element simulation of γ-Y2Si2O7/B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass coating on porous Si3N4 substrate under thermal shock

A dense γ-Y₂Si₂O₇/B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass coating was fabricated by slurry spraying method on porous Si₃N₄ ceramic for water resistance. Thermal shock failure was recognized as one of the key failure modes for porous Si₃N₄ radome materials. In this paper, thermal shock resistance of the coated porous Si₃N₄ ceramics were investigated through rapid quenching thermal shock experiments and transient finite element analysis. Thermal shock resistance of the coating was tested at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C. Results showed that the cracks initiated within the coating after thermal shock from 800 °C to room temperature, thus leading to the reduction of the water resistance. Based on the finite element simulation results, thermal shock failure tended to occur in the coating layer with increasing temperature gradient, and the critical thermal shock failure temperature was measured as 872.24 °C. The results obtained from finite element analysis agree well with that from the thermal shock tests, indicating accuracy and feasibility of this numerical simulation method. Effects of thermo-physical properties for the coating material on its thermal shock resistance were also discussed. Thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material played a more decisive role in decreasing the tangent tensile stress.     

Thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties of La2Ce2O7 thermal barrier coatings with segmented structure

La₂Ce₂O₇ (LCO) is a promising candidate material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) application because of its higher temperature capability and better thermal insulation property relative to yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In this work, La₂Ce₂O₇ TBC with segmentation crack structure was produced by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The mechanical properties of the sprayed coatings at room temperature including microhardness, Young's modulus, fracture toughness and tensile strength were evaluated. The Young's modulus and microhardness of the segmented coating were measured to be about 25 and 5 GPa, relatively higher than those of the non-segmented coating, respectively. The fracture toughness of the LCO coating is in a range of 1.3–1.5 MPa m^1/2, about 40% lower than that of the YSZ coating. The segmented TBC had a lifetime of more than 700 cycles, improving the lifetime by nearly two times as compared to the non-segmented TBC. The failure of the segmented coating occurred by chipping spallation and delamination cracking within the coating.     

Effects of Yb3+ doping on phase structure,thermal conductivity and fracture toughness of (Nd1-xYbx)2Zr2O7

To investigate the effects of Yb³⁺ doping on phase structure, thermal conductivity and fracture toughness of bulk Nd₂Zr₂O₇, a series of (Nd_1-xYb_x)₂Zr₂O₇ (x?=?0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction sintering method at 1600?°C for 10?h. The phase structures were sensitive to the Yb³⁺ content. With increasing doping concentration, a pyrochlore-fluorite transformation of (Nd_1-xYb_x)₂Zr₂O₇ ceramics occurred. Meanwhile, the ordering degree of crystal structure decreased. The substitution mechanism of Yb³⁺ doping was confirmed by analyzing the lattice parameter variation and chemical bond of bulk ceramics. The thermal conductivities of (Nd_1-xYb_x)₂Zr₂O₇ ceramics decreased first and then increased with the increase of Yb³⁺ content. The lowest thermal conductivity of approximately 1.2?W?m^?1 K^?1 at 800?°C was attained at x?=?0.4, around 20% lower than that of pure Nd₂Zr₂O₇. Besides, the fracture toughness reached a maximum value of ~1.59?MPa?m^1/2 at x?=?0.8 but decreased with further increasing Yb³⁺ doping concentration. The mechanism for the change of fracture toughness was discussed to result from the lattice distortion and structure disorder caused by Yb³⁺ doping.     

基体条件对Sm2Zr2O7/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层界面残余热应力的影响

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对等离子喷涂Sm2Zr2O7/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层界面残余热应力分布进行了数值仿真。结果表明:基体厚度不同时,涂层界面Sm2Zr2O7/YSZ及界面YSZ/NiCoCrAlY对应应力及应力梯度基本不变,表明应力及应力梯度与基体厚度无关;但基体材质热膨胀系数对涂层系统界面的径向、轴向及剪切应力梯度有决定性的影响,且各应力梯度随金属基体的热膨胀系数差异增加而增大,表明基体材质是影响涂层界面径向残余热应力及应力梯度的根本原因。采用多层陶瓷结构并合理选择各层材质的热膨胀系数将更加有利于降低涂层应力梯度,进而改善涂层性能,延长涂层寿命。     

Preparation and properties of ceramic composites with oxygen ionic conductivity in the ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Sc2O3-Al2O3 systems

Powder precursors in the ZrO₂-CeO₂-Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂-Sc₂O₃-Al₂O₃ systems are prepared by the sol-gel synthesis. It is revealed that the electrical conductivity of the sample doped with scandium oxide is higher than the electrical conductivity of the sample doped with cerium oxide despite the higher content of the nonconducting phase Al₂O₃ (corundum). The thermal expansion coefficients are determined for all the ceramic samples under investigation. It is established that the Al₂O₃ dopant affects the thermal expansion coefficient. The ceramic materials studied can be used as solid-electrolyte sensors. Original Russian Text ? P.A. Tikhonov, M. Yu. Arsent’ev, M.V. Kalinina, L.I. Podzorova, A.A. Il’icheva, V.P. Popov, N.S. Andreeva, 2008, published in Fizika i Khimiya Stekla.     

Fabrication and thermal insulation properties of ceramic felts constructed by electrospun γ-Y2Si2O7 fibers

Ceramic fiber felts are attractive candidates for high temperature insulation due to their lightweight, high porosity and low thermal conductivity. In this work, ceramic felts constructed by γ-Y₂Si₂O₇ fibers were prepared by a facile method of Y–Si–O/PVB sol-gel electrospinning combined with subsequent high-temperature calcination. Effects of calcination temperature on the phase composition, microstructure and thermal insulation properties of ceramic felts were systematically studied. Results indicated that the organic components in the sol-gel fibers were removed after high temperature calcination, while the fibers kept the original continuous microtopography with high aspect ratios. Ceramic fiber felts of pure γ-Y₂Si₂O₇ phase could be obtained after calcinated at 1300 °C. The as-prepared paper-like γ-Y₂Si₂O₇ fiber felt presented low density of ～120 mg/cm³ and a high porosity up to 97.03%. Combined with the inherent high temperature stability and low thermal conductivity of γ-Y₂Si₂O₇, this light ceramic felts possessed high-temperature resistance and thermal insulating property (low thermal conductivity of 0.052 W m^?1 K^?1). The successful preparation of this ceramic fiber felt may provide a perspective for insulation materials used in harsh environments.