黑种草籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及其GC-MS分析

以新疆瘤果黑种草籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE-CO2)研究了瘤果黑种草籽油的萃取工艺,并对其化学成分进行了GC-MS分析。得到瘤果黑种草籽油较适宜的工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2 h,CO2流量20 kg/h。在该工艺条件下,黑种草籽油的得油率达36.33%。GC-MS检测出6种脂肪酸成分,主要为不饱和脂肪酸,其中,亚油酸质量分数60.95%,油酸质量分数20.54%,8,11-二十碳二烯酸质量分数2.43%,不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数近84%。     

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取油茶籽油及其GC／MS分析

采用环境友好的超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术制备油茶籽油,考察了压力、时间、温度和二氧化碳流量等因素对茶籽油萃取率的影响,得到优化的工艺参数：当萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度35℃、CO2流量30L／h、萃取时间为3h时茶籽油萃取率可高达44．4％。根据中华人民共和国国家标准进行检测的结果表明：超临界二氧化碳流体萃取出的茶籽油,无需进一步精制即可达到国家食用植物油卫生标准GB／T2716—2005,而除含皂量、水分及挥发物外的指标均达到国家一级茶油标准GB11765—2003;GC／MS分析结果表明油茶籽油富含73．6％不饱和脂肪酸。实验结果表明：超临界二氧化碳流体技术萃取茶籽油具有操作简便、萃取率高、无溶剂残留、绿色环保等优点,萃取出的茶籽油具有较高的品质和良好的应用前景。     

Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Seed Oil Extracted by Optimized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Seeds are another product in addition to leaves (raw materials for teas) of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant. The great increase of tea consumption in recent years raises the challenge of finding commercial applications for tea seeds. In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction edible oil from tea seed was carried out, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize processing parameters including time (20-90 min), temperature (35-45 °C) and pressure (50-90 MPa). The fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of the extracted oil was also investigated. The highest yield of oil (29.2 ± 0.6%) was obtained under optimal SC-CO(2) extraction conditions (45 °C, 89.7 min and 32 MPa, respectively), which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that (25.3 ± 1.0%) given by Soxhlet extraction. Meanwhile, tea seed oil extracted by SC-CO(2) contained approximately 80% unsaturated fatty acids and showed a much stronger scavenging ability on the DPPH radical than that extracted by Soxhlet. SC-CO(2) is a promising alternative for efficient extraction of edible oil from tea seed. Moreover, tea seed oil extracted by SC-CO(2) is highly edible and has good antioxidant activity, and therefore may play a potential role as a health-promoting food resource in human diets.     

超临界CO_2萃取蛋黄油及数学模拟

在萃取器为 1.2L的试验装置上 ,在温度为 45℃、压力为 32 .0MPa、原料粒度 (D)为 1.2mm的条件下 ,进行了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的研究 .考察了CO2 的流量和原料粒度对萃取的影响 .建立了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的数学模型 ,该模型能较好地反映实际萃取过程 .根据模拟结果得到外扩散传质系数和流体流速的 0 .5 48次方成正比     

超临界流体萃取沙棘油实验研究

建立了一套萃取实验装置 ,对超临界CO2 流体萃取沙棘油进行了实验研究。压力 15— 30MPa,温度 30— 5 0℃。分别考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、颗粒度、物料填充量以及萃取时间等条件对萃取率的影响 ,并就工艺参数对萃取率的影响机理和原因进行了分析与讨论。结果表明 :当压力为 2 5MPa、温度为 40℃时可获得较高的萃取率。流量为 0 .2m3 /h时 ,萃取时间为 4— 5h。化学成分分析结果证明 :沙棘油中饱和脂肪酸含量占 12 .3%,不饱和脂肪酸含量占 87.7%。     

超临界CO2萃取玉米胚芽油工艺的研究

本文研究采用超临界ＣＯ２从玉米胚芽中萃取油品的工艺条件，运用响应面法探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度和物料粒径在油品产率为９０％时对ＣＯ２消耗量的影响，确定了最佳工艺参数，分析比较了超临界ＣＯ２萃取、正己烷索氏萃取和压榨三种方法对油品质量和脂肪酸组成的影响。     

响应曲面法优化超临界CO_2萃取猕猴桃籽油条件

以猕猴桃籽为试验原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面分析法建立了超临界CO2萃取猕猴桃籽油萃取率的二次多元回归方程,探讨了压力、温度、CO2流量等关键因素对萃取率的作用规律。结果表明,萃取压力、温度、CO2流量对萃取率影响显著,萃取压力和温度交互效应影响显著。根据萃取率回归方程对猕猴桃籽油的超临界萃取工艺参数进行了优选,最优工艺参数为:压力31.7 MPa,温度40.2℃,CO2流量27.4 kg/h,该条件下萃取率高达32.57%,与试验值31.24%仅有4.5%的误差,证实了该方程的预测值与试验值之间具有较好的拟合度。超临界CO2萃取的猕猴桃籽油与己烷提取的油脂在脂肪酸组成上没有显著差别。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取葡萄籽油工艺优化

为了回收利用葡萄酒酿造过程产生的副产品中的有效成分,本文利用超临界CO₂萃取技术从葡萄籽中提取含有不饱和脂肪酸的葡萄籽油,意在考量超临界CO₂技术在萃取葡萄籽油方面的作用。设计单因素实验,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO₂流量以及停留时间对葡萄籽油萃取率的影响。单因素实验结果表明萃取压力对萃取结果的影响最为显著。萃取温度和CO₂流量对萃取率的影响都存在最佳值,当温度和流量超过最佳值,萃取率开始降低。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面实验,采用中心复合设计进行实验方案设计以优化萃取葡萄籽油工艺。对响应面实验结果进行方差分析,建立多元回归模型,模型P值<0.0001,预测超临界CO₂萃取葡萄籽油的最佳萃取条件为：萃取压力28MPa、萃取温度321 K、CO₂流量15.5L/h,停留时间155min,萃取率达到14.12%。     

超声强化超临界CO_2萃取葵粕绿原酸工艺

绿原酸具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抑制突变与抗肿瘤等生理活性。考察了萃取温度、压力、时间、流体流量和超声功率密度对超声超临界CO2萃取绿原酸的影响,结果表明,超声波的加入可以缩短超临界CO2萃取时间、降低CO2流量和提高萃取率。工艺优化后的条件为:70%乙醇加入量为400mL/100g原料,萃取温度、压力、时间、CO2流量分别为50℃、30MPa、3.5h、3.0L/h,超声频率和功率密度分别为20kHz、100W/L。优化条件下绿原酸的萃取率达4.71%     

Recovery of γ-oryzanol from rice bran oil byproduct using supercritical fluid extraction

The residue of fatty acids distillation from rice bran oil soapstock (RFAD-RBOS) is a byproduct from rice bran oil industry. It contains a large amount of γ-oryzanol, which is a valuable antioxidant. The main objective of this work was to investigate the recovery of γ-oryzanol from the RFAD-RBOS using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The Soxhlet technique was conducted in order to compare results with SFE. The influence of process parameters over SFE was evaluated in terms of global yield, γ-oryzanol content, γ-oryzanol recovery rate, and fatty acids composition. The mathematical modeling of SFE overall extraction curve (OEC) was also investigated. The condition of 30 MPa/303 K presented the maximum global yield (39 ± 1%, w/w), maximum γ-oryzanol recovery rate (31.3%, w/w), relatively high γ-oryzanol content (3.2%, w/w), and significant presence of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The logistic model presented the best fit to experimental OEC.     

Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Gardenia Fruit Oil and the Analysis of Functional Components

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of whole fruit oil from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was performed. The effect of extraction pressure, temperature and CO₂ flow rate on the oil yield was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that experimental data had a good fit to the proposed model (R ² = 0.938). Extraction pressure, CO₂ flow rate, the quadratics of pressure, and the interaction between pressure and flow rate showed significant effects on the oil yield (p < 0.05). The optimum parameters that maximized the yield of gardenia fruit oil (GFO) were: extraction pressure of 36.8 MPa, temperature of 65 °C, and CO₂ flow rate of 15 kg/h. The main fatty acid of GFO was linoleic acid (about 44%), followed by palmitic acid (about 26.4%) and oleic acid (about 24.6%). α-Tocopherol was dominant in the total tocopherols of GFO, and showed the main antioxidant activity. The fatty acid composition and tocopherols content of GFO were not remarkably affected by the extraction by SC-CO₂ and n-hexane.     

Supercritical extraction of borage seed oil coupled to conventional solvent extraction of antioxidants

This paper describes the extraction of borage seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) and the further extraction of antioxidants from the SC-CO₂-defatted borage meal with organic solvents (water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate). The optimal conditions for oil extraction were obtained at 303 and 323 K at 200 bar, 2.5 h and a continuous flow of CO₂ of 1.5 L/h introduced through the bottom when the operating pressure and temperature were reached, attaining a yield of 60%. Borage oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids; oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid content under the above conditions. The highest extraction yield was achieved using water or methanol as extracting solvent from the SC-CO₂-defatted borage meal at 303 K and pressures of 200 and 150 bar for water and methanol, respectively. The most potent extracts, according to all methods tested, were obtained with water and methanol.     

超临界CO_2萃取牛至挥发油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2萃取牛至药材中的挥发油,以挥发油产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和为考察指标,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度及夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度为55℃、萃取时间为2.5 h、75%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量为0.02mL/min、CO2流量为1 L/min,在此实验条件下,产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和平均为0.141 24 g。优选得到的萃取工艺可靠、简便易行、稳定性好。     

SFE-MD技术分离提纯金银花挥发油及其成分分析

以金银花花蕾为原料,用超临界CO2流体萃取技术(SFE)制得金银花油浸膏,然后用分子蒸馏技术(MD)对浸膏进行精制。研究结果表明,SFE最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,温度45℃,CO2流量25 kg/h,萃取时间2.5 h;分子蒸馏温度为80~120℃,所得金银花油呈淡黄色,得率由传统水蒸气蒸馏法的0.16%提高到0.56%;所得精油经GC-MS分析,检测出36种成分,主体呈香成分芳樟醇、环氧芳樟醇、顺-3-己烯醇、α-萜品醇、香叶醇等醇类成分,以及戊二酸二丁酯等,质量分数超过40%,相对分子质量主要集中在100~200。     

Extraction of pomegranate seed oil using subcritical propane and supercritical carbon dioxide

Extraction of oil from pomegranate seeds as a waste product of the juice industry using supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical propane was studied in this work. The influence of the main operating conditions of extraction, namely, the temperature and pressure of extraction on the oil extraction yield and the correspondent fatty acid profile were analyzed and reported here. Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane was done for comparison with supercritical extraction resulting in a maximum yield of oil of 22.31 wt %. Supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical propane extracted up to 58.53% (corresponding to maximum yield of 13.06 wt %) and 76.73% (corresponding to maximum yield of 17.12 wt %) of the total amount of pomegranate seed oil as measured using Soxhlet extraction, respectively. Results indicated that the subcritical propane is a suitable and selective solvent for the extraction of the pomegranate seed oil in function of smaller times and pressures employed compared to carbon dioxide extraction. The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil showed the presence of fatty acids of C₁₆, C₁₈, C₂₀, C₂₂, and C₂₄ carbon chains. Punicic (C_18.3) was the major fatty acids and comprise up to 70% of the total fatty acid content of the extracted oil among all samples. Finally, Lack??s plug flow model as developed by Sovova was applied to both extraction systems and a good agreement with the experimental results was obtained.     

超临界CO_2萃取烟草中茄尼醇的工艺条件优化

采用超临界CO2萃取烟草中的茄尼醇,以茄尼醇的质量收率为考察指标,以萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度、夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取温度40℃,萃取压力35MPa,萃取时间2h,夹带剂无水乙醇,夹带剂流量0.3mL·min-1。在此实验条件下,茄尼醇的平均质量收率为0.8288%。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取葡萄籽油的研究

葡萄籽油中富含亚油酸和其它不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的食用和药用价值。传统的葡萄籽油提取方法存在着收率低和溶剂残留的问题。今基于对酿酒过程中废弃葡萄籽的开发利用,探讨了采用绿色洁净分离技术——超临界流体萃取技术从废弃葡萄籽中萃取葡萄籽油的可行性,重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2用量及不同原料对葡萄籽油产率的影响。研究表明萃取压力对产率的影响较温度显著,实验确定适宜工艺条件为萃取温度55C,萃取压力30MPa。此条件下以张裕酒厂提供的籽为原料所得产率为9.71%,同时气相色谱分析表明,葡萄籽油产品中含有72.05%的亚油酸。另外,分别以三种不同来源的葡萄籽为原料进行实验,研究显示,葡萄籽油产率随原料不同而存在一定差异,产率较高者可达13.51%。     

Comparison of Supercritical Fluid and Hexane Extraction Methods in Extracting Kenaf (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus cannabinus</Emphasis>) Seed Oil Lipids

The objective of this study was to investigate and compare fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols of kenaf seed oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and traditional solvent methods. Fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols were determined in the extracted oils as functions of the pressure (400 bar, 600 bar), temperature (40 °C, 80 °C) and CO₂ flow rate (25 g/min) using a 1-L extraction vessel. Gas chromatography was used to characterize fatty acids and sterols of the obtained oils while tocopherols were quantified by HPLC. No differences were found in the fatty acid compositions of the various oil extracts and the main components were found to be linoleic (38%), oleic (35%), palmitic (20%) and stearic acid (3%). Extraction of tocopherols using high pressure (600 bar/40 °C, 600 bar/80 °C) gave higher total tocopherols (88.20 and 85.57 mg/100 g oil, respectively) when compared with hexane extraction which gave yield of 62.38 mg/100 g oil. Extraction of kenaf seed oil using supercritical fluid extraction at high temperature (80 °C) gave higher amounts of sterols when compared with hexane extraction.     

超临界CO2流体萃取肉桂油的研究

优选萃取肉桂油的工艺条件,分别采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和SFE—CO2提取肉桂油,进行SFE—CO2萃取肉桂油的正交试验,优选最佳萃取条件。由实验可知,SFE—CO2萃取肉桂油主要成分桂皮醛的得率大于水蒸汽蒸馏法,其最佳萃取条件为：萃取温度45℃,萃取压力20MPa,萃取时间2．5h。应用SFE—CO2萃取肉桂油,萃取率高,操作纯净,是具有相当发展潜力的提取分离方法。     

超临界CO2萃取红花药渣中挥发油和红色素

在0.5 L半连续装置上,考察了温度、压力、CO2流量及物料粒径等工艺条件对超临界CO2分级萃取红花水煮醇提药渣的影响,得到了红花挥发油和红花红色素,对红色素含量进行了测定,并同红花分级萃取进行了对比. 结果表明,温度、压力及CO2流量对分级萃取影响明显. 在考察范围内最佳工艺条件为：一级萃取温度35℃、压力9 MPa、CO2流量3.74 kg/h;二级萃取温度35℃、压力30 MPa、CO2流量3.74 kg/h. 在此条件下红花挥发油萃取率达2.74%,红色素相对收率达69.88%.