铅基快堆氧化物燃料性能分析程序FUTURE开发与初步验证

为了对铅基快堆氧化物燃料元件稳态工况下的服役性能和行为演化进行模拟计算,本文基于串行的半隐式耦合求解方法开发了铅基快堆氧化物燃料性能分析程序FUTURE。程序采用两步分析法实现了铅基快堆氧化物燃料棒全域热力分析与局部行为模型的多物理场耦合计算。通过各计算模块与模型算例、基准公式和现有程序的对比分析,对FUTURE程序进行了各分离效应的初步验证。结果表明,FUTURE程序能准确模拟铅基快堆稳态工况条件下氧化物燃料元件内部的温度演化、结构变形、应力分布和相互作用,并实现对燃料重构、氧和钚元素的迁移、裂变气体释放和服役期内液态铅铋腐蚀等内容的计算模拟。     

钠冷快堆燃料元件性能分析程序的开发与验证

为了评估钠冷快堆氧化物燃料元件稳态、瞬态和事故条件下的性能和行为演化,开发了钠冷快堆燃料元件性能分析程序FIBER。程序采用有限体积法实现燃料元件温度的计算,用有限元方法实现力学、裂变气体释放的计算,并通过时间步长控制模块控制程序的稳定运行。为验证程序的准确性,通过调研得到俄罗斯BN600反应堆辐照数据,与FIBER程序的裂变气体释放、柱状晶粒等计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,FIBER程序对最大燃耗11.8at%、最大辐照损伤78 dpa的快堆燃料元件的辐照变形、柱状晶区、裂变气体释放性能评价是有效的。     

FRAPCON-2动力堆燃料棒稳态性能程序移植

一、程序移植目的1.模拟动力堆燃料元件单棒稳态运行性能供燃料元件单棒的设计和运行参考我国反应堆燃料性能程序研究起步较晚,移植美国NRC经过多年发展和校验的标准程序有利于我国动力堆燃料元件的设计、制造和运行方面的研究,对发展我国轻水堆燃料元件稳态性能程序有一定参考价值。     

基于CFD的池式快堆多物理耦合分析方法研究

基于临界/次临界点堆中子动力学模型、燃料棒传热模型、热交换器和多孔介质等辅助热工水力模型,采用显式迭代和动态链接库技术（DLL）,利用商用计算流体力学（CFD）程序FLUENT的用户自定义函数（UDF）实现中子动力学、燃料棒热传导等和快堆堆池冷却剂流动换热的耦合计算,开发池式快堆多物理耦合计算程序CFD/PF。采用CFD/PF开展小型自然循环铅铋快堆SNCLFR-10无保护超功率事故（UTOP）模拟,并与国际知名快堆多物理耦合分析程序SIMMR-III的计算结果开展Code-to-Code对比分析。研究结果表明:CFD/PF与SIMMER-III的分析结果吻合良好,耦合程序的开发取得了初步成功,可用于分析池式快堆堆池内的复杂三维流动和换热现象。      

基于MOOSE平台的棒状燃料元件性能分析程序开发与验证

为实现对压水堆棒状燃料元件的精细化模拟,本文基于有限元平台MOOSE开发了棒状燃料元件性能分析程序BEEs。针对程序的燃耗、氧化层厚度和燃料温度模块分别进行了对比验证,采用BR3 Rod实验算例验证了长期稳态工况下BEEs程序的整体分析功能。结果表明,BEEs程序能获得合理准确的模拟结果,初步具备了稳态工况燃料性能分析能力。     

基于RELAP5和CTF的西安脉冲堆多尺度耦合瞬态特性研究

基于系统程序RELAP5和子通道程序CTF,建立了适合于自然循环冷却池式脉冲堆的区域分解多尺度耦合方法和满足不同尺度参数间精确转换的网格映射方法。通过脉冲堆稳态和瞬态工况分析,验证耦合方法正确性和可行性,计算结果表明：所建立的多尺度耦合方法能够应用于自然循环冷却池式脉冲研究堆的耦合分析,其耦合计算结果在准确性方面优于单一系统程序计算结果;2 MW稳态工况下的燃料芯块温度准确性提高约62.50%,脉冲瞬态工况下燃料芯块温度准确性提高约76.71%;同时,耦合计算能够获得高精度、高分辨率的堆芯热工水力分布和瞬态特性。     

超功率事故下氧化物燃料快堆的动态仿真

编制了计算氧化物燃料快堆在超功率事故下的动态过程的仿真程序ＯＸＴＯＰ，用它对美国氧化物燃料快堆ＣＲＢＲＰ在满功率运行工况下的３个超功率过程进行了分析计算，结果与国外程序ＦＯＲＩＤ的相应计算值基本符合。以此为基础，对我国首座试验快堆ＦＦＲ在满功率运行工况下的４个假想超功率过程，也作了初步的分析计算，探讨了ＦＦＲ在给定反应性引入速率下的瞬态安全性。     

熔盐快堆稳态核热耦合程序开发及验证

无慢化罐式堆芯结构的熔盐快堆(Molten Salt Fast Reactor,MSFR)中存在中子物理与热工水力的强耦合。应用耦合蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序OpenMC与计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM,建立了一套适用于熔盐快堆的三维稳态核热耦合计算程序。该程序基于python编程语言实现了OpenMC和OpenFOAM二者间的功率、燃料盐温度和密度分布等数据交互,可以获得堆芯内三维功率分布、中子通量密度分布、三维速度场和温度场分布。采用该耦合程序,建立了熔盐快堆的基准模型,研究了中子学区域划分数目和初始条件对keff、燃料盐速度和温度分布的影响。根据研究结果,推荐了一套合理的中子学区域划分方法与数目,表明了耦合程序设定的不同初始条件对keff结果无影响。最后,通过与熔盐快堆基准结果的对比验证了耦合程序的正确性,表明该程序适用于熔盐快堆的稳态核热耦合分析。     

压水堆燃料辐照性能多物理耦合并行分析程序开发

核燃料元件是反应堆的核心部件,其性能影响反应堆的安全性与经济性,利用燃料元件性能分析程序开展燃料堆内稳态辐照性能分析对于燃料设计及安全评价具有重要意义。通过开发燃料温度分布、变形计算、裂变气体释放及内压等模型,结合燃料元件热工-力学多物理耦合计算分析耦合方案,基于先进并行计算方法构建了高性能并行化燃料性能分析程序Athena。利用典型商用压水堆核电站数据及同类程序计算结果进行了程序初步验证,结果表明Athena程序计算结果合理可靠。通过定义堆芯功率及热工水力边界条件,程序能够并行开展压水堆全堆芯燃料辐照性能分析,提高燃料辐照性能分析效率,是数值反应堆原型系统（CVR1.0）的重要组成。     

基于铅铋快堆的直流蒸汽发生器稳态与瞬态特性分析

铅铋快堆的安全稳定运行与换热器一二次侧间的散热性能密切相关。本研究通过建立基于铅铋快堆的直流蒸汽发生器（OTSG）稳态与瞬态耦合分布参数模型,分析对比了不同负荷条件下OTSG内部热工水力特性的分布差异,并进一步揭示了铅铋快堆一次侧焓值及流量扰动对换热器动态散热性能的影响。结果表明：稳态传热时铅铋快堆一次侧温降主要集中在过冷沸腾及核态沸腾区,二次侧负荷减小将导致管壁面温度飞升前移;动态调节显示在设计工况下一次侧入口焓值仅下降5%,就可能导致铅铋快堆循环在90 s后进入事故工况。研究结果为铅铋快堆的OTSG动态流动换热特性研究及结构设计优化提供了有价值的建议。     

A coupling methodology for mesoscale-informed nuclear fuel performance codes

This study proposes an approach for capturing the effect of microstructural evolution on reactor fuel performance by coupling a mesoscale irradiated microstructure model with a finite element fuel performance code. To achieve this, the macroscale system is solved in a parallel, fully coupled, fully-implicit manner using the preconditioned Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method. Within the JFNK solution algorithm, microstructure-influenced material parameters are calculated by the mesoscale model and passed back to the macroscale calculation. Due to the stochastic nature of the mesoscale model, a dynamic fitting technique is implemented to smooth roughness in the calculated material parameters. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a simple model of a reactor fuel pellet. In the model, INL’s BISON fuel performance code calculates the steady-state temperature profile in a fuel pellet and the microstructure-influenced thermal conductivity is determined with a phase field model of irradiated microstructures. This simple multiscale model demonstrates good nonlinear convergence and near ideal parallel scalability. By capturing the formation of large mesoscale voids in the pellet interior, the multiscale model predicted the irradiation-induced reduction in the thermal conductivity commonly observed in reactors.     

FRED fuel behaviour code: Main models and analysis of Halden IFA-503.2 tests

The FRED fuel rod code is being developed for thermal and mechanical simulation of fast breeder reactor (FBR) and light-water reactor (LWR) fuel behaviour under base-irradiation and accident conditions. The current version of the code calculates temperature distribution in fuel rods, stress-strain condition of cladding, fuel deformation, fuel-cladding gap conductance, and fuel rod inner pressure. The code was previously evaluated in the frame of two OECD mixed plutonium-uranium oxide (MOX) fuel performance benchmarks and then integrated into PSI's FAST code system to provide the fuel rod temperatures necessary for the neutron kinetics and thermal-hydraulic modules in transient calculations. This paper briefly overviews basic models and material property database of the FRED code used to assess the fuel behaviour under steady-state conditions. In addition, the code was used to simulate the IFA-503.2 tests, performed at the Halden reactor for two PWR and twelve VVER fuel samples under base-irradiation conditions. This paper presents the results of this simulation for two cases using a code-to-data comparison of fuel centreline temperatures, internal gas pressures, and fuel elongations. This comparison has demonstrated that the code adequately describes the important physical mechanisms of the uranium oxide (UOX) fuel rod thermal performance under steady-state conditions. Future activity should be concentrated on improving the model and extending the validation range, especially to the MOX fuel steady-state and transient behaviour.     

金属核燃料快中子脉冲堆核-热-力耦合计算方法研究

为确保快中子脉冲堆的运行安全,防止超临界脉冲对材料造成物理损伤,需要对快中子脉冲堆脉冲工况进行模拟分析。本研究针对金属核燃料快中子脉冲堆,基于点堆动力学方法、蒙特卡罗方法和有限元力学方法,对Godiva-I脉冲堆开展了核热力耦合计算分析研究。计算结果表明,反应性温度系数和裂变率与实验值吻合良好,反应性、温升、表面位移、表面应力与实际情况相符合。因此,本文建立的“核-热-力”耦合计算方法可应用于金属核燃料快中子脉冲堆的分析计算,具有一定的可靠性。      

中国实验快堆热工参数的自适应BP神经网络预测方法研究

中国实验快堆（CEFR）堆芯的热工参数是否超出限值是评价反应堆安全运行的标准。本文针对燃料包壳最高温度预测问题,通过堆芯子通道分析程序COBRA生成数据样本后,开发基于BP神经网络自适应算法的智能预测程序,对于特定的单盒组件,仅需给出堆芯进口功率和流量,即可实现燃料包壳最高温度的快速准确预测。结果表明,与COBRA相比,在大规模重复性计算的场景下,自开发程序能节约大量计算时间和算力,提高燃料包壳设计和CEFR运行时的操作效率。实验分析得出BP神经网络方法的最大相对误差不超过6%,平均预测相对误差不超过3%,计算效率提升至原程序的300倍,网络模型的预测精度高,且易推广至实验快堆其他参数预测,具有很大的应用前景。     

Research on Adaptive BP Neural Network Prediction Method for Thermal Parameters of China Experimental Fast Reactor

Whether the thermal-hydraulic parameters of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) core exceed the limit is the standard for evaluating the safe operation of the reactor. For the maximum temperature prediction problem of fuel cladding, after generating the data samples by the core sub-channel analysis code COBRA, an intelligent prediction code based on adaptive BP neural network algorithm was developed in the paper. For a specific single-box component, only the core inlet power and mass flow rate were required to achieve fast and accurate prediction of the fuel cladding maximum temperature. Compared with COBRA, in the scenario of large-scale repetitive calculation, self development code can save a lot of calculation time and rescource, and improve the operating efficiency of fuel cladding design and CEFR operation. The experimental analysis shows that the maximum relative error of BP neural network method is less than 6%, the average prediction relative error is less than 3%, and the calculation efficiency is improved to 300 times of the original code. So the prediction accuracy of the network model is high, and self development code is easy to apply to other parameter predictions of the experimental fast reactor.     

Development and validation of the code COUPLE3.0 for the coupled analysis of neutron transport and burnup in ADS

The analysis of the fuel depletion behavior is critical for maintaining the safety of accelerator-driven subcritical systems(ADSs). The code COUPLE2.0 coupling 3-D neutron transport and point burnup calculation was developed by Tsinghua University. A Monte Carlo method is used for the neutron transport analysis, and the burnup calculation is based on a deterministic method. The code can be used for the analysis of targets coupled with a reactor in ADSs. In response to additional ADS analysis requirements at the Institute of Modern Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the COUPLE3.0 version was developed to include the new functions of(1) a module for the calculation of proton irradiation for the analysis of cumulative behavior using the residual radionuclide operating history,(2) a fixed-flux radiation module for hazard assessment and analysis of the burnable poison, and(3) a module for multi-kernel parallel calculation, which improves the radionuclide replacement for the burnup analysis to balance the precision level and computational efficiency of the program. This paper introduces thevalidation of the COUPLE3.0 code using a fast reactor benchmark and ADS benchmark calculations. Moreover,the proton irradiation module was verified by a comparison with the analytic method of calculating the210 Po accumulation results. The results demonstrate that COUPLE3.0 is suitable for the analysis of neutron transport and the burnup of nuclides for ADSs.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法与指数欧拉法耦合的反应堆三维燃耗计算程序的研发

燃耗计算在反应堆设计、分析研究中起着重要作用.一维、二维耦合燃耗程序因其几何限制难以满足先进反应堆精细设计分析的要求.本文研发了基于蒙特卡罗方法与指数欧拉法耦合的三维燃耗程序.程序采用编写耦合MCNP与FISPACT的接口程序的方法,结合了MCNP处理复杂几何能力强,FISPACT计算核素全面、能谱多样的特点,实现了考...     

基于SCALE的熔盐堆添料与后处理系统分析程序开发及验证

在线添料及在线去除中子毒物是熔盐堆区别于其他固体燃料反应堆的主要特征之一,能够实现较高的燃耗深度和燃料利用率。然而,现有的反应堆物理计算分析软件SCALE不能直接模拟熔盐堆的燃耗计算。因此,本文耦合SCALE中的截面处理模块、临界计算模块以及燃耗计算模块,开发了一套适用于多流体熔盐堆的添料与后处理系统分析程序MSR-RRS,实现熔盐堆的在线添料、裂变产物在线处理或离线批次处理等模拟功能。基于MSR-RRS对现有的单流熔盐增殖堆和双流熔盐快堆的燃耗性能进行了验证。结果表明,MSR-RRS计算结果与基准模型结果符合较好。MSR-RRS适用于多种堆型、多种燃料循环运行模式。