BRISOL钠同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器(BRISOL)采用100 MeV、200μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。为开展~(20)Na核的奇异衰变特性研究,研制了氧化镁靶,并采用100 MeV质子束轰击氧化镁靶在线产生了~(20～26)Na~+的钠同位素放射性核束。当质子束流强为8μA时,~(20)Na~+离子束的最大产额为2×10~5 s~(-1),~(21)Na~+离子束的最大产额为4×10~8 s~(-1)。完成了北京放射性核束装置首个放射性核束物理实验,累计供束近200 h。     

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器的研制

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器(BRISOL)采用100 MeV、200μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,进行在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。BRISOL装置现已建成,并开展了氧化镁、氧化钙靶的在线实验,在线产生了~(37)K~+、~(38)K~+、~(20)Na~+、~(21)Na~+等多种放射性核束。本文详细介绍该装置的研制及运行情况。     

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器的研制

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,进行在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。BRISOL装置现已建成,并开展了氧化镁、氧化钙靶的在线实验,在线产生了³⁷K⁺、³⁸K⁺、²⁰Na⁺、²¹Na⁺等多种放射性核束。本文详细介绍该装置的研制及运行情况。     

BRISOL钠同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。为开展²⁰Na核的奇异衰变特性研究,研制了氧化镁靶,并采用100 MeV质子束轰击氧化镁靶在线产生了^20～26Na⁺的钠同位素放射性核束。当质子束流强为8 μA时,²⁰Na⁺离子束的最大产额为2×10⁵ s^-1,²¹Na⁺离子束的最大产额为4×10⁸ s^-1。完成了北京放射性核束装置首个放射性核束物理实验,累计供束近200 h。     

62Zn放射性核束的产生

介绍了利用串列加速器作为驱动加速器在线产生62Zn放射性核束的方法,包括靶的制备和束流调试方法,在线产生了能量为25 keV、强度大于106/s的62Zn放射性核束.也评估了实验产生放射性核束的效率,实际测量了实验结束后的放射性剂量.     

2 用于放射性核束设施驱动加速器的100MeV强流H^-回旋加速器

北京放射性核束装置，简称为BRIF，是一个新的基于放射性核束装置的加速器工程。该工程由以下几个部分组成：100MeV回旋加速器、在线同位素分离系统、现有的串列加速器注入器改造、超导直线增能器、各种不同的物理实验终端和一个同位素生产研究靶站。作为驱动加速器，100MeV的H^-回旋加速器能够提供75～100MeV、200～500μA以上的质子束流。对于最终能量不高于100MeV，束流强度低于lmA的回旋加速器，选择紧凑型磁铁，采用加速H^-、剥离引出的技术路径，将使得加速器结构更小，也更便宜。     

北京ISOL项目进展

北京ISOL(北京在线分离丰中子束流装置,亦简称BISOL)是由中国原子能科学研究院和北京大学联合提出的一台大科学装置。项目建设包括反应堆与加速器驱动放射性核束离子源、强流氘离子加速器、高功率靶站与核能材料辐照装置、放射性核束后加速器、放射性核束实验站等。装置建设方案已初步确定,装置建成后可产生较国内外现有装置强度高1～2个量级的极端丰中子束流,可开展学科基础前沿放射性核束物理的创新研究,同时兼顾先进核能系统开发和多种核技术应用的需求。     

产生放射性核束的厚靶的物理设计(英文)

在线同位素分离器(ISOL)是北京放射性核束装置(BRNBF)计划的主要设备之一,其中用来产生放射性核素的厚靶为技术关键,它决定了放射性核束的产生效率及总强度,是设计中需重点考虑的。为了提高放射性核素的扩散速度,减少短寿命核素的衰变损失,靶的温度应尽可能高,同时还要保证厚靶在强流辐照条件下的结构完整性。文内讨论了对靶材料的物理、化学性质,靶物质的尺寸形态,靶结构和散热系统设计等方面的要求,列举了几种候选靶材,介绍一个厚靶的物理设计过程,设计了一个石墨靶衬并合理安排厚靶的水冷散热结构,计算了厚靶的三维温度分布情况。计算结果表明,经过精心设计,此厚靶完全能够承受最高达14kW的质子束入射束流功率,可以根据不同靶材的要求将靶的温度控制在1300～2000℃,放射性核素可以迅速扩散,并且被离子源有效地电离和引出,从而获得较高流强的放射性核束。     

北京ISOL项目进展

北京ISOL（北京在线分离丰中子束流装置,亦简称BISOL）是由中国原子能科学研究院和北京大学联合提出的一台大科学装置。项目建设包括反应堆与加速器驱动放射性核束离子源、强流氘离子加速器、高功率靶站与核能材料辐照装置、放射性核束后加速器、放射性核束实验站等。装置建设方案已初步确定,装置建成后可产生较国内外现有装置强度高1~2个量级的极端丰中子束流,可开展学科基础前沿放射性核束物理的创新研究,同时兼顾先进核能系统开发和多种核技术应用的需求。     

AB-BNCT中子靶物理设计分析

质子加速器适用于为硼中子俘获治疗提供中子源,其中子源强及能谱较反应堆中子源更具可调性。中子靶物理计算分析是加速器中子源设计的基础,为其提供粒子能量、流强等参数需求分析,并为靶体结构尺寸设计、中子慢化和屏蔽分析等提供前端参数。本文利用MCNPX蒙特卡罗程序,通过对质子打靶的中子产额和能谱、靶体能量沉积、打靶后靶材放射性活度和中子出射空间角分布等进行研究,提出能量2.5 MeV质子轰击100～200μm锂靶的设计,并用模拟计算数据论证其合理性。该设计中子源在1 mA流强质子轰击下,源强可达9.74×10~(11) s~(-1);拟设计15 mA、2.5 MeV质子束产生的中子源,在治疗过程中靶材放射性活度累积最大值约为1.44×10~(13) Bq。     

Heavy Ion Acceleration at Cyclone (Belgium)

CYCLONE is an isochronous cyclotron in operation in Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium). It is equipped with a P. I. G. hot cathode heavy ion source and accelerates various ions up to energies of 110 MeV Q2/A with extracted beam intensities reaching 10 ?A in the 4+ state. The source is described and some performance parameters are given. In order to reach higher charge states an injector cyclotron is projected which will allow a final energy of 27 MeV/nucleon up to neon decreasing to 6 MeV/nucleon for xenon. Extracted intensities vary between 5 × 1013 and 109 pps depending on particle and energy. Some design aspects are described which will allow the cost of the project to be quite low.     

高功率CaO/W/RVCF复合靶的设计与制备

为利用质子轰击⁴⁰Ca靶产生放射性核束³⁷K,本文系统研究了⁴⁰Ca靶的设计、制备和模拟的全过程。综合考虑反应截面、靶材料的丰度、熔点、蒸汽压和短扩散路径等,确定选择CaO作为靶材料,高孔隙率的网状玻璃碳纤维(RVCF,reticulated vitreous carbon fiber)作为基衬材料。采用PC（paint coating）法将CaO材料沉积在RVCF基衬上,为防止高温下CaO与RVCF发生化学反应并降低靶材料的抗高温性能,在沉积CaO靶材料前采用CVD（chemical vapour deposition）法对RVCF基材沉积1层1~2 μm厚的W保护层。根据质子束轰击复合靶的能损计算与分析结果,设计了靶室筒内装入厚靶的结构和靶室筒的散热结构。最后采用Comsol计算程序模拟分析了靶及靶室的温度分布,得出了此厚靶在75 MeV质子束入射时能承受的最大束流功率为7.5 kW。     

Conceptual design of an 800 MeV high power proton driver

This paper outlines the conceptual design work of a high power proton cyclotron proposed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for a spallation neutron source, accelerator driven systems, production of radioactive ion beams, and other applications. For this cyclotron the 100 MeV injection proton beam is currently considered to be provided by the CYCIAE-100 cyclotron, which is under construction at CIAE and will be later replaced by a dedicated injector for beam upgrading. In order to minimize beam losses for high intensity operation, large turn separation at the extraction has first priority. After analyzing of different scenarios, including super conducting designs, a warm magnet solution was chosen. The conceptual design, field calculations, RF cavity simulations, etc. will be presented in the paper.     

Upgrade of the TRIUMF on-line isotope separator, TISOL

The operational TISOL thick target, on-line isotope separator at the TRIUMF, 500 MeV proton cyclotron facility has been upgraded to be a production facility with an active experimental program. A new experimental area is now available and modifications are under design to handle remotely the expected radioactively “hot” targets. Two ion source systems are now available, a heated surface of normal design and a new ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) source resulting in ion beams from a wide range of elements. Details of the new upgraded facility will be presented along with its experimental program and plans for the future. The status of the previously proposed accelerated radioactive beams facility, ISAC, for which TISOL is a prototype front-end system, will also be mentioned.     

A Source for Multiply-Charged Ions and Acceleration of C, N and O Ions by IPCR Cyclotron

The design and performance of the ion source which is now used in the IPCR variable energy cyclotron are described. The source is of the electron-bombarded hot cathode type having two cylindrical cathodes of tungsten and a water-cooled copper anode containing a replaceable molybdenum slit plate. The arc discharge is established continuously but not pulsed. The source is usually operated very stably under an arc power of 1.5 to 3kW with a gas flow rate of 1 to 2 cc/min. The lifetime of the source is mainly limited by the erosion of the upper tungsten cathode at about 24 hours. At present, C4+, N4+, O4+, N5+ and O5+ ions are accelerated up to 48~100, 56~1100, 70~95, 56~125 and 70~125 MeV respectively, and a few micro-amperes of these ions are extracted from the cyclotron. The vacuum obtainable in the accelerating chamber is usually 2 ~ 4 × 10-6 mHg, and the loss of ion beam by the charge exchange effect is comparatively small. Extracted ion beams are used in several experiments for about 1900 hours in a year.     

Production, acceleration and use of radioactive ion beams at Louvain-la-Neuve

The production and acceleration of radioactive beams using two cyclotrons coupled by an electron cyclotron resonance ion source is described. Pure beams of ¹³N(T1/2 = 9.96 min) and ¹⁹Ne(T1/2 = 17 s) with an energy around 1 MeV/amu are obtained with intensities larger than 50 ppA. As an example, cross section measurements using a ¹³N beam on hydrogen and deuteron targets are presented. Finally, the ARENAS³ project, a future plan for the production of radioactive beams in Belgium, is described.     

Low-energy unstable nuclear beam channel “SLOW” at the RIKEN ring cyclotron

A new type of low-energy radioactive nuclear beam channel “SLOW” has been constructed at the RIKEN ring cyclotron facility, intended not only for the study of emission mechanisms of various low-energy radioactive as well as stable isotope ions from a characterized surface of the primary target, but also for the generation of useful radioactive ion beams for surface-physics studies of the secondary target.

In the commissioning experiment of the SLOW beam channel, the reaction products of a heavy-ion induced nuclear reaction have been observed after surface ionization at a hot tungsten target.     

300MeV/A H_2~+可变能量超导回旋加速器束流引出物理设计研究

针对单粒子效应测试对质子束能量的要求,中国原子能科学研究院设计了一台300 MeV/A H_2~+超导回旋加速器,该加速器使用超导线圈实现主磁铁小型化,剥离引出H_2~+离子获得可变能量的质子束。通过调节剥离点位置和分析剥离后质子的轨迹与束流包络,对该加速器引出过程的束流动力学进行了研究,完成了引出过程的物理设计。结果表明,此台加速器可在205~240 MeV、265~300 MeV内连续变能量引出质子,在更低能量范围内有单能量点引出质子的能力。