高纯铝箔在异步轧制和再结晶过程中取向的演变

采用不同速比的异步轧制技术对99.99%的高纯铝板进行不同形变量的冷轧,并对冷轧样品进行不同温度和时间的再结晶退火.利用X射线衍射技术和TEM观测探讨了异步轧制条件下高纯铝箔中变形织构和再结晶织构的演变.结果表明:高速比的异步轧制(i=1.28)在样品中产生相对较强的旋转立方织构{001}(110).异步轧制后退火的高纯铝箔样品中,立方{001}(100)织构组分的再结晶晶核的形成和长大存在一个临界转变温度,此温度与异步轧制的速比成反比.异步轧制有利于降低高纯铝箔的再结晶温度,这与异步轧制提高高纯铝箔的形变储能有关.异步轧制有利于在低温时形成强的立方{001}(100)织构组分,但此时漫散较大;随着退火温度的升高,漫散范围明显缩至8°-10°.     

异步轧制高纯铝箔在退火过程中织构的演变

采用异步轧制技术对高纯铝箔进行冷轧,利用加热和在冷水中淬火,把样品的高温态保存下来。通过ODF分析和反极图定量计算,对高纯铝箔微取向流变行为进行了研究。结果表明:立方织构{001}<100>是在再结晶退火过程中形成和发展的;适宜的速比,相应的形变量和与之相匹配的退火工艺,是获得强立方织构{001}<100>的前提。根据形变与再结晶理论,探讨了异步轧制高纯铝箔中立方织构{001}<100>的形成和发展。     

异步轧制高纯铝箔立方织构形成的微观过程

采用EBSD微取向分析方法,通过分析高纯铝箔冷轧后退火的再结晶初期立方取向晶核的形成过程,以及立方取向晶粒的长大行为,探讨了异步轧制高纯铝箔立方织构形成的微观过程。结果表明,异步轧制的样品中产生较强的C织构{112}111和旋转立方织构{001}110。立方亚晶优先在C取向形变基体内形核并长大,定向形核机制为主要因素。旋转立方织构有利于异步轧制高纯铝箔立方织构{001}100的形成和发展。     

异步轧制对高纯铝箔冷轧织构的影响

通过异步轧制，对高纯铝箔微取向流变行为进行了研究，结果表明，异步轧制与同步轧制的冷轧织构有较大差异，高纯铝箔在异步轧制下慢辊和快辊两侧的织构类型明显不同，尤其是旋转立方织构{001}{110}在含量上的差异更大，快辊侧随形变量的增中冷却织构主要为：S织构和{102}{uvw}织构，而慢辊侧则主要为：旋转立方织构{001}{110}，慢辊侧的旋转立方织构在相同的速比、相同的形变量下一般要大于快辊侧的旋转立方织构。     

高纯铝靶材再结晶退火织构分析

以高纯铝锭作为原材料,采用冷轧,热锻的压力加工的方法,研究大尺寸铝锭在较小压下量下,通过再结晶退火制备符合高纯铝靶材技术要求的高纯铝制品;将对高纯铝冷轧和热锻样再结晶退火后进行了织构检测,结果表明,冷轧、热锻后的退火样品均出现再结晶织构,但织构强度较低。主要以(100)面织构为主,其中U{001}<100>,强度达到4级以上;350℃退火样品除了再结晶立方织构较强外,其他织构都较弱,说明随着退火温度的升高立方织构取向在逐步取代变形织构。当退火温度升高,晶粒充分长大后,织构强度明显降低。     

柱状晶对Fe-3%Si电工钢冷轧织构演变规律的影响

Fe-3%Si电工钢铸锭中普遍存在柱状晶,其晶体学及形状各向异性对随后的热轧、冷轧及退火织构产生很大的影响.利用xRD与EBSD技术对长轴分别平行于轧面法向(ND),轧制方向(RD)和横向(TD)的柱状晶冷轧样品的织构及组织进行了研究,并对晶界的特殊作用进行了分析.结果表明,中等压下量下,3种柱状晶样品具有不同程度的{001}织构遗传性,即3种样品均不同程度的摆脱了{111}线织构的形成;柱状晶长轴平行于ND和TD时,{001}取向在冷轧时得到大的保留;柱状晶长轴平行于RD时,得到最强的{111}〈112〉织构;柱状晶长轴平行于TD时,冷轧组织中旋转立方织构及{111}〈110〉织构较强.此外,3种样品的织构均表现出由立方→{001}〈130〉→{113}〈251〉的过渡路径,与等轴多晶样品沿α线和γ线转动的路径不同.不同方向的柱状晶晶界对冷轧变形过程中晶粒转动的作用不同,但因晶粒尺寸大而作用有限,且与初始取向相关.     

1235铝合金铸轧坯料在加工过程中的织构演变

利用背散电子衍射(EBSD)研究了1235铝合金坯料在加工过程中的织构演变。结果表明:6mm厚铸轧态铝箔坯料的主要织构为{210}221织构、{221}210织构,并含有少量的{110}001高斯织构;2.55mm厚和0.54mm厚冷轧态坯料的主要织构有{110}001高斯织构和{112}111铜型织构;2.55mm厚的冷轧态坯料经630℃7h均匀化退火后的织构主要是{100}001立方织构;0.54mm厚的冷轧坯料经380℃6h中间退火后的主要织构有{100}001立方织构和{110}001高斯织构。对织构的演变机制进行了深入的探讨。     

冷轧高纯铝箔初始织构对再结晶织构的影响

高压箔经过多道次冷轧后,形成类型复杂的织构。本试验应用X射线衍射仪测定铝箔织构,定量研究了冷轧高纯铝箔常见初始织构与再结晶织构的关系。结果表明,当初始织构为高含量的S织构{123}<634>、铜织构{112}<111>和约10%的立方织构{100}<001>,较少的旋转立方{001}<110>、黄铜织构{011}<211>时,再结晶退火后立方织构含量最高。由于S织构与立方织构存在40°<111>关系,在退火过程中有利于形成立方织构。     

退火对异步轧制高纯铝箔织构的影响

利用取向分布函数(Orientation Distribution Functions)分析和反极图定量计算，探讨了1异步轧制下，高纯铝箔织构的形成和发展?结果表明，适宜的轧辊速比，相应的形变量和与之相匹配的退火工艺，是获得强立方织构(100)[001]的前提。当轧辊速比为1．28、形变量为96．7％时，在600℃退火后，立方织构的体积分数高达96．65％。     

激光毛化对3003铝合金织构及性能的影响

采用不同粗糙度的YAG激光毛化冷轧辊对3003铝合金板进行不同变形量的冷轧,利用取向分布函数(Orientation Distribution Functions)探讨了采用激光毛化冷轧辊轧制条件下3003铝合金变形织构随冷轧变形量的变化过程.结果表明:经激光毛化辊轧制后的铝板,其强度与普通板接近,但塑性高于普通板.采用激光毛化辊轧制在样品中产生相对较强的S织构{123}〈634〉,其强度随冷轧变形量增加而增强.在90%变形量时,样品中产生较强的旋转立方取向{001}〈110〉,随着变形量的增加,此旋转立方取向的强度逐渐减少并消失.样品中还含有少量的Cu织构、Brass织构及少量的Goss织构组分.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。