一种波瓣等化的多波束龙伯透镜天线

基于3D打印技术设计、制造了一种具有波瓣等化特性的工作在X波段的多波束龙伯透镜天线。透镜所需梯度变化的相对介电常数通过改变透镜每个单元的介质填充率得到。运用一组双模圆锥喇叭天线作为馈源,从而产生具有波瓣等化特性的多个波束。实验证明,该天线能够在三维空间产生多个波束,在水平和俯仰方向覆盖±20o的范围,各波束辐射特性几乎相同。天线的最高增益为22 dBi,3 dB波束宽度为8o,具有高增益和良好的聚焦特性。由于该天线制造简单、快速且成本低,凭借其良好的工作特性,在雷达、探测、传感等领域有着良好的应用前景。     

分米波和厘米波天线

本文概要地讨论了一些分米波和厘米波天线的基本原理和应用范围,其中包括波道天线、反射镜天线、喇叭天线、介质桿天线、槽形天线、漏管天线、透镜天线、螺旋形天线等。     

基于超材料的毫米波汽车雷达喇叭天线设计与优化

应用于汽车雷达上的喇叭天线或透镜天线,为了获得高增益和高方向性,其长度或口面一般较大。为了保持口面大小不变,并且能有效缩短喇叭天线长度来减小体积、节约成本,文中设计了超材料平面透镜喇叭天线。采用此超材料的天线增益相比同尺寸的普通喇叭天线增加了1. 5 dB。进而,通过对喇叭口面的相位分析,采用了一种改进结构,该改进结构的增益相比同尺寸的普通喇叭天线增加了2 3 dB,与同增益同口径面积的普通喇叭天线相比长度缩短了44% 。实测结果表明,该超材料喇叭天线能提高喇叭天线2.5 dB 左右的增益。     

高增益金属透镜天线设计

金属透镜天线具有高增益和大功率容量等优点。采用几何光学原理将一组平行间隔的金属板设计为金属凹透镜,实现对电磁波的汇聚,获得高增益辐射特性。在辐射原理和结构分析基础上,设计了一款工作于X波段(10 GHz)的金属透镜天线,采用矩形喇叭天线作为初级馈源、13片金属板嵌于一只半径为153 mm的PVC筒顶部。仿真和测试结果吻合良好,表明该金属透镜天线性能优异:|S_(11)|<-10dB阻抗带宽为18%(从9.6~11.5 GHz),在10GHz工作频点的增益达到27dBi,相比喇叭天线提高了10.2dB。     

基于介质透镜的太赫兹引信天线技术

介绍了太赫兹频段引信天线的优缺点与背景需求。为实现太赫兹频段引信天线工程应用,分析了介质透镜天线在太赫兹频段的工作原理及应用特点,采用H面喇叭嵌装介质透镜天线形成太赫兹频段引信天线,可以有效缩短H面喇叭天线的纵向尺寸。并利用透镜的偏焦技术形成不同波束倾角的引信天线,对不同波束倾角的太赫兹引信天线进行了仿真计算,仿真计算结果验证了该技术方案的可行性。     

X频段介质加载圆极化喇叭天线设计

设计了一款基于全介质极化器的X频段圆极化喇叭天线。该全介质极化器加载在线极化喇叭天线的前端,将线极化波转换为圆极化波,并有效辐射出去。同时,该全介质极化器还将天线的实测增益提高了约2 dB。天线的测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。该天线在X频段（8~12 GHz）的实测S11均小于-10 dB,实测轴比在X频段内均小于3 dB,表明该圆极化喇叭天线具有宽带高增益特性。并且,该全介质极化器使用3D打印技术制作,具有加工简便、成本低的优点。该天线可应用于雷达、跟踪制导、卫星通信系统等领域。     

一种超宽带高增益的透镜喇叭天线的设计

该文提出了一种适用于微波通讯系统的超宽带(UWB)高增益透镜喇叭天线。该天线由一个E面喇叭天线,一个球面介质透镜和双楔形金属脊构成,并由同轴线馈电及采用HFSS软件仿真。仿真结果表明,双楔形金属脊可有效增加喇叭天线的带宽,有效频率带宽达到2～12 GHz。当仅使用双金属脊来改善喇叭天线的性能时,喇叭天线的增益会下降。文中使用一种球面介质透镜来补偿双金属脊对喇叭天线增益的负面影响。仿真结果表明,该透镜可有效提高喇叭天线在工作频带内的增益。采用透镜和金属脊结构后,该喇叭天线拥有超宽带,高增益和较强的定向辐射性能,可以应用于各类通信系统中。     

一种新型介质加载的矩形喇叭天线

传统的卫星地面通信系统多采用抛物面天线,但抛物面天线却存在体积大、灵活性差等缺点,而喇叭天线则可以较明显地克服上述不足,但其增益较小、损耗较大。文中设计了一种新型介质加载的矩形喇叭天线,该天线有两层结构:上层为辐射结构,下层为微带-槽耦合馈电结构。辐射结构是中心为矩形喇叭孔的长方体铜板。这种结构的喇叭天线体积适中、活动方便,而且天线增益、反射系数和半功率波瓣宽度相比于传统形式的喇叭天线都有明显改善。     

一种新型探地雷达天线的设计仿真

结合探地雷达(GPR)的发射信号,设计了一款工作频率范围为0.7~1.2 GHz的角锥喇叭天线。对喇叭天线结构参数的设计过程进行了分析,并利用电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS对其行建模仿真。仿真结果表明:在喇叭天线工作频率范围内,天线的驻波比小于1.4,在中心频率955 MHz下喇叭天线的增益最大达到11 d B左右,满足实际探地雷达对天线系统的要求。该天线具有频带宽、电压驻波比低、增益高、方向性强等优点。     

高功率超宽带双馈源抛物面天线设计与仿真

各种超宽带(UWB)及高功率应用中对天线辐射功率及辐射方向性需求不同.针对增大抛物面天线主轴前向辐射功率及改善方向性等问题,提出了一种双馈源半抛物面脉冲辐射天线.通过对多种馈电方式进行仿真和性能比较,得到一种辐射性能相对较优的双馈源焦距内馈电方式抛物面天线.仿真结果表明:这种由两个TEM喇叭辐射单元同时向抛物面馈电构成的反射面天线可以在抛物面口径内进行功率合成,形成峰值功率更高的电磁脉冲,以改善天线主轴方向的辐射增益及方向性.     

Numerical Study of Self-Complementary Antenna Characteristics on Substrate Lenses at Terahertz Frequency

This paper presents a numerical study of self-complementary antennas on substrate lenses made of high-permittivity dielectric material. Bowtie, logarithmically periodic, and logarithmic spiral antennas with the same outer and inner dimensions were selected for study, and their overall performances were compared in the terahertz band at frequencies up to 5.0?THz. The resonance and radiation characteristics of the three antennas were investigated in terms of input impedance, directivity, and radiation efficiency, using a full electromagnetic simulator. This study provides useful guidelines and partially solves the difficult problems of choosing the proper feed and optimizing the lens structure for a THz broadband integrated lens antenna.     

Off-axis properties of silicon and quartz dielectric lens antennas

The theoretical far-field patterns and Gaussian-beam coupling efficiencies are investigated for a double-slot antenna placed off aids on extended hemispherical silicon and quartz lenses. Measured off-axis radiation patterns at 250 GHz agree well with the theory. Results are presented that show important parameters versus off-axis displacement: scan angle, directivity, Gaussicity, and reflection loss. Directivity contour plots are also presented and show that near-diffraction limited performance can be achieved at off-axis positions at nonelliptical extension lengths. Some design rules are discussed for imaging arrays on dielectric lens antennas     

Design of Dielectric Grating Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Applications

At theoretical procedure well suited for generating design data on dielectric grating antennas for the millimeter-wave region is presented. The procedure utilizes the effective dielectric constant (EDC) method to determine the phase constant of the leaky modes supported by the antenna structure of finite lateral width. The radiation or leakage constant of these modes is obtained from the relatively simple boundary value problem of dielectric grating antennas of infinite width. For single-beam radiation, the practicably interesting case, the phase and leakage constants completely determine the field distribution in the antenna aperture, from which the directivity gain and radiation pattern are then calculated. The dependence of the antenna characteristics on the dimensions of the radiating structure is presented and discussed for epsilon = 12, the dielectric constant of typical millimeter-wave materials, such as silicon and GaAs.     

Diffraction by dielectric-loaded horns and corner reflectors

Experimental results for the radiation patterns of sectoral horns and corner reflector antennas loaded with uniform and wedge-shaped dielectric slabs along the walls are presented. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to improve the directivity in all cases without a significant increase in the overall antenna weight.     

Compact Ka-Band Lens Antennas for LEO Satellites

Two new compact lens antenna configurations are presented and compared for data link communications with LEO satellites at 26 GHz. These lenses match a secant type radiation pattern template in the elevation plane while having a mechanically scanned sector beam in azimuth to enhance gain as much as possible. No rotary joints or multiple feeds are required and emphasis is put also on the compactness of the proposed solutions (< 6lambda₀). Two alternative lens configurations are evaluated numerically and experimentally: one is based on modified axial-symmetric dome lens geometry, and the other one consists of a full 3-D double-shell lens antenna. In contrast to current nearly omnidirectional antennas, the directivity of our lens prototypes is above 15.4 dBi. Up to 4.2 dB loss obtained in the prototypes can be significantly reduced by using lower loss dielectrics and matching layers, without affecting the conclusions. The numerical and experimental results are in good agreement with the radiation specifications given the compact size of the antennas.     

High-power constant-index lens antennas

The results of a study to develop a high temperature dielectric lens antenna for use in the microwave frequency range are presented. The design and fabrication of spherical and hemispherical constant-index lenses are described. Radiation patterns, gain, polarization, and VSWR characteristics of spherical and hemispherical constant-index dielectric lens antennas over the frequency range from 2 to 11 GHz are presented. The results from high-power testing of both spherical and hemispherical constant-index lenses at a 2 kW average power level indicate that this power level causes no degradation in the performance of the lenses.     

Nonuniform Luneburg and two-shell lens antennas: radiationcharacteristics and design optimization

Design optimization of radially nonuniform spherical lens antennas is the focus of this paper. In particular, special attention is given to the optimal design of nonuniform Luneburg (1964) lens antennas. One of the important engineering objectives of designing an optimal Luneburg lens antenna is to use as small number of shells as possible while maintaining an acceptable gain and sidelobe performance. In a typical radially uniform design, by reducing the number of shells, the gain is decreased and the grating lobes are increased. This deficiency in the radiation performance of the uniform lens antenna can be overcome by designing the nonuniform lens antenna. This necessitates the optimum selection of each layer thickness and permittivity. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer with adaptive cost function is implemented to obtain the optimal design. In this manner, the GA optimizer simultaneously determines the optimal material and its thickness for each shell by controlling the gain and sidelobes envelope of the radiation pattern. Various lens geometries, including air gaps and feed offset from the lens surface, are analyzed by using the dyadic Green's functions of the multilayered dielectric sphere. Many useful engineering design guidelines have been suggested for the optimum construction of the lens. The results have been satisfactory and demonstrate the utility of the GA/adaptive cost-function algorithm. Additionally, the radiation characteristics of a novel two-shell lens antenna have been studied, and its performance is compared to the Luneburg lens     

Design and analysis of multiple-beam reflector antennas

Simplified design and analysis equations are presented for multiple-beam reflector antennas based on the Gaussian-beam analysis of the primary and secondary patterns. The derived equations are useful for the quick design and performance analysis in terms of the coverage-area directivity and the inter-beam isolation of multiple-beam antenna systems. Results of the analysis given in this paper agree well with rigorous computations based on physical-optics analysis of the reflector-antenna radiation patterns. Extension of the analysis to multiple-beam lens antennas, and to shaped/contoured-beam antennas, is also presented     

Comparative study of patch antenna loaded with slot split-ring resonators on different substrate materials

This paper presents square patch antenna loaded with slot split-ring resonators. Moreover, this paper discusses the performances of various dielectric substrates, having dielectric constants ranging from 2 to 5. Different substrate has been used to design the antenna such as Bakelite, Rogers RO 4232 and RT Duroid with dielectric constant of 4.8, 3.2 and 2.2, respectively. The resonance frequency is 2.25 GHz; these antennas are suitable for S-band and communication applications. The effect of change in substrate material on the performance of antenna is compared, in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, directivity and radiation pattern.     

Unidirectional uwb array antenna using leaf-shaped bowtie elements and flat reflector

A study of a UWB array antenna is presented, which is composed of leaf-shaped bowtie radiating elements printed on a dielectric substrate. With the use of a flat reflector, the presented antenna has unidirectional radiation characteristics and higher directivity in comparison with omnidirectional UWB antennas. In the maximum radiation direction of the proposed antenna, the actual gain of 10.3-13.3 dBi is achieved over the frequency range of 4.1-10.0 GHz (-3 dB gain bandwidth of 91%).