AC4B铝合金缸盖轴向疲劳强度的研究

150℃下,在AC4B铝合金的C14缸盖铸件本体上取样,进行高周(107循环次数)和低周(105循环次数)疲劳试验。运用非线性拟合和统计方法求得AC4B铝合金的低周疲劳强度和高周疲劳强度。试验结果表明,高周疲劳S-N曲线呈二阶指数衰减形态,满足"有限疲劳极限"条件。低周疲劳S-N曲线呈二次方程形态。两种方法求得AC4B铝合金的高周疲劳强度和低周疲劳强度基本一致,分析方法合理,结果可靠。AC4B铝合金的低周和高周疲劳强度均能满足缸盖的使用要求。     

A Multiaxial Low Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction Model for Both Proportional and Non-proportional Loading Conditions

This paper has presented a life prediction model in the field of multiaxial low-cycle fatigue. The proposed model is generally applied for constant amplitude multiaxial proportional and non-proportional loading. Depending upon applied strain path the equivalent strain varies within a cycle. Equivalent average strain amplitude is considered as fatigue damage parameter in the proposed model. The model has requirement of only two material constants and no other tuning parameters. The model is examined by the proportional and non-proportional low-cycle fatigue life experimental data for eight different types of materials. The model is successfully correlated with multiaxial fatigue lives of eight different materials.     

焊趾处理工艺对10Ni5CrMoV钢低周疲劳性能的影响

对原始焊态、焊趾氩弧熔修、焊趾打磨和焊趾针击处理的10Ni5CrMoV钢堆焊试板分别进行了四点弯曲低周疲劳试验、焊接残余应力测量和焊趾应力集中系数计算.结果表明,焊趾氩弧熔修对低周疲劳性能改善作用明显,疲劳寿命提高幅度平均达98%;焊趾打磨对低周疲劳性能无明显改善作用;焊趾针击处理对低周疲劳性能有一定改善,但改善幅度不如焊趾氩弧熔修,其对疲劳寿命的提高幅度平均为45%.对低周疲劳寿命、残余应力和应力集中系数的综合分析结果表明,应力集中是影响焊接接头低周疲劳性能的关键因素,改善应力集中是提高焊接接头低周疲劳性能的有效途径.     

核电用GH4169合金棒材315℃低周疲劳性能研究

采用轴向总应变控制方法研究核电用GH4169棒材在其工作温度315℃下的低周疲劳性能。结果表明,GH4169棒材的低周循环应力-应变行为符合非线性关系式。棒材的循环应变强化指数和循环强度系数分别为0.050 2和1 438.47。棒材315℃下低周疲劳应变-分析寿命符合关系式。     

Influence of the post-deformation annealing heat treatment on the low-cycle fatigue of NiTi shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMA) suffer from the same impairing mechanisms experienced during cycling loading by classic alloys. Moreover, SMA fatigue behavior is greatly influenced by thermomechanical cycling through the zone of thermoelastic phase transformation, which is the basis of shape memory and superelasticity effects. Since the fatigue resistance of any material can be improved by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment, in the present work combined differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness testing were used to determine an optimum annealing temperature for the cold-worked Ni-50.1%Ti alloy. The optimization is based on the assumption that latent heat of transformation is proportional to the mechanical work generated by SMA upon heating, while material hardness is related to the yield stress of the material. It is supposed that an optimum trade-off in these two properties guarantees the best dimensional and functional stability of SMA devices. The level and stability of the mechanical work generated by the material during low-cycle fatigue testing are considered criteria for the material performance and thus of the validity of the proposed optimization procedure.     

应变速率对IC10合金1100℃低周疲劳性能的影响

研究了不同应变速率（1×10^-2s^-1,1×10^-3s^-1,1.6×10^-4s^-1）下IC10合金1100℃下的低周疲劳性能、弹性模量、屈服强度和循环应力响应行为。研究结果表明：随应变速率的增加,材料的弹性模量没有变化,而材料的屈服强度明显增大,材料的屈服强度与应变速率的对数符合线性关系;材料在3种应变速率下都表现为明显的循环软化,随着应变水平的降低,该材料的循环软化行为逐渐地变弱。应变速率对低周疲劳寿命的影响规律与应变水平的大小有关：当总应变范围大于1.2%时,应变速率为1.6×10^-4s^-1的低周疲劳寿命最长,应变速率为1×10^-3s^-1的疲劳寿命最短,而应变速率为1×10^-2s^-1的疲劳寿命界于二者之间;当总应变范围为0.8%时,随着应变速率的减小,疲劳寿命明显缩短。     

钛合金BT9低周疲劳变形结构的研究

在室温下对钛合金BT-9单轴拉压及多轴非比例载荷的低周疲劳试验后．利用扫描电镜及透射电镜对材料的疲劳变形结构进行观测。结果表明：在单轴加载条件下,断口的形貌为韧窝。在非比例加载条件下,断口的形貌为准解理断裂和解理断裂。随着非比例载荷程度（相位角）的增大,断口的形貌由蜂窝状韧窝向河流花样的解理断裂形貌方向发展。     

固溶氮原子对不锈钢单轴及多轴低周疲劳特性的影响

对３１６Ｌ和３１６ＬＮ不锈钢进行了单轴拉压及多轴非比例加载低周疲劳实验研究,分析了固溶的氮原子对单轴及多轴非比例加载低周疲劳特性及其微结构的影响。结果表明,固溶的氮原子增大了不锈钢铁的单轴循环软化程度及非比例循环附加强化程度,延长了不锈钢的单轴拉压低周疲劳寿命,但却缩短了不锈钢的多轴非比例加载低周疲劳寿命,固溶的氮原子对单轴及多轴低周疲劳密度位错结构的形成具有明显的抑制作用,利用Ｍｏｅｓｓｂａｕｅ     

DD6单晶高温合金低周疲劳断裂特征的研究

对DD6单晶高温合金在高温低周(980℃、760℃)及疲劳/蠕变交互作用的断裂特征进行了研究。结果表明:DD6单晶高温合金高温低周疲劳断口往往呈多源开裂特征,裂纹萌生于试样的表面或亚表面,疲劳裂纹在刚萌生时沿着一定的小平面进行扩展,扩展区主要由垂直于裂纹扩展方向的疲劳条带和河流花样组成,瞬断区为类解理台阶形貌,裂纹扩展初期断口基本与主应力方向垂直,随着疲劳裂纹的扩展,断口呈现与主应力约成45°的平面特征;低周疲劳/蠕变交互作用的断裂特征与相同应变条件下低周疲劳断口总体形貌相似,但也一些不同之处,如断口整体氧化严重、疲劳扩展区面积明显减小。     

DZ125高温合金断裂特征

对DZ125定向凝固高温合金的室温、高温拉伸,高温低周、高周疲劳,以及疲劳/蠕变交互断裂特征进行了研究。结果表明:DZ125合金室温、高温拉伸断口具有类解理断裂、韧窝断裂和沿枝晶断裂的混合特征,断裂机制为中心微孔聚集型断裂;高温低周疲劳断裂断口与主应力方向垂直;高温高周疲劳断裂断口疲劳裂纹扩展第一阶段表现为类解理小平面和平行锯齿状断裂特征。低周/蠕变交互断裂特征与相同条件下低周疲劳断口主要存在3方面差异:疲劳扩展区面积明显减小;断口上的撕裂棱线较多且相互连接;断口上氧化严重,特别是在疲劳扩展区,存在明显的致密氧化层。     

Residual stresses as a factor in the selection of tungsten carbide coatings for a jet engine application

Tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings are important to the aerospace industry for the mitigation of midspan damper wear on jet engine fan and compressor blades. However, in some cases the coating can fail due to spallation and cracking, and in other situations the fatigue life of a fan or compressor blade is reduced when a coating is applied. Coating failures can result in decreased engine performance and costly maintenance time. A comprehensive experimental research program was conducted to evaluate coating crack resistance in bending, low-cycle fatigue properties of the coating and substrate, coating performance in jet engine tests, and microstructures for a wide range of coating compositions and application processes. Coating residual stress distributions also were evaluated. Eleven coatings were ranked according to their performance relative to the other coatings in each evaluation category. Results from the bend and low-cycle fatigue evaluations were compared to the experimentally evaluated residual stresses. Comparisons of rankings indicate a strong correlation between performance and the residual stresses in the coatings. Results from the program were used to select a suitable coating system for final in-service use based on two important criteria: (1) the coating must not fail while in service, and (2) the coating must not induce crack propagation into the substrate of the midspan damper.     

机加工表面残余应力及其疲劳寿命评价的研究进展

随着航空、航天、核电、海洋装备、汽车制造行业的蓬勃发展,特别是国家空天深海战略的实施,高腐蚀、高交变载荷等复杂服役环境对零件的可靠性和使用寿命的要求日趋严格。机械加工表面完整性作为零件性能指标的评价标准,得到越来越多的重视。残余应力作为表面完整性的重要参数之一,与零件疲劳寿命和使用性能密切相关,因此有必要对机械加工过程中残余应力的生成机理进行研究。主要介绍了机械加工表面残余应力的定义及其对材料性能的影响,对中子衍射法和X射线衍射法检测残余应力的优缺点进行了比较,从实验方法、解析方法以及有限元方法 3个方面对机械加工过程中残余应力的生成机理进行了总结,分析了切削参数、刀具几何、材料性质对残余应力生成的影响,总结了残余应力与疲劳寿命之间的作用关系。最后,探讨了机械加工表面残余应力生成机理以及疲劳寿命评价研究过程中存在的问题。     

新型22Cr-15Ni奥氏体耐热钢高温低周疲劳行为

22Cr15Ni3.5CuNbN新型奥氏体耐热钢是为620 ~ 650 ℃的超(超)临界电站锅炉管道制造而研发的新型奥氏体耐热钢,其高温性能的优劣对机组的安全可靠运行具有重要意义. 文中通过22Cr15Ni3.5CuNbN钢在650 ℃下的低周疲劳试验,研究了其在不同应变幅条件下的应力?应变关系及疲劳寿命. 通过对断口形貌的分析研究了其断裂机理. 结果表明,22Cr15Ni3.5CuNbN钢在高温下表现出明显的循环硬化行为,且没有明显的应力饱和现象出现. 其硬化行为与材料内部位错密度的增加有关. 采用基于塑性应变能密度对其疲劳寿命进行了预测,取得了良好的预测效果. 疲劳断口可以分为3个区域:裂纹源区、裂纹扩展区以及瞬断区. 在较高的应变幅条件下,在断口处可观察到多个裂纹源. 多个裂纹源的形成和二次裂纹的产生是导致其疲劳寿命下降的重要原因.     

压铸态Mg-7Al-0.5Y合金的低周疲劳行为

研究了压铸态Mg-7Al-0.5Y合金在全反向总应变模式控制下的低周疲劳行为。结果表明,在所采用的不同外加总应变幅下,压铸态Mg-7Al-0.5Y合金均可呈现循环应变硬化,且在0.9%的外加总应变幅下,合金在疲劳变形期间发生了动态应变时效;合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的载荷反向周次之间的关系可分别由Basquin和Coffin-Manson描述。断口形貌的扫描电子显微分析揭示,低周疲劳加载条件下,对于压铸态Mg-7Al-0.5Y合金而言,疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式萌生于疲劳试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

Evaluation of high- temperature behavior of CMSX4 + yttrium single- crystal nickel- base superalloy

CMSX4 + Y, a highly strengthened rhenium-containing second-generation single-crystal nickel-base su-peralloy, has been studied by creep, low-cycle, and thermomechanical fatigue in the temperature range 500 to 1100 °C. The alloy exhibits good high-temperature mechanical properties that are superior or com-parable to other single-crystal superalloys. Thermomechanical fatigue resistance is equivalent to low-cy-cle fatigue and is cycle-shape dependent. High-temperature mechanical properties have been studied using life prediction relationships that are frequently used for creep and low-cycle fatigue data evalu-ation. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed that fracture induced by creep damage is internal and starts from pore-initiated cracks; however, fatigue damage starts on the external surface and propagates inward in stage II mode.     

Damage tolerance of wrought alloy 718 Ni- Fe-base superalloy

The influence of a modified heat treatment (MHT) and the standard heat treatment (SHT) on the damage tolerance of alloy 718 turbine disk material has been studied over a range of temperatures— from room temperature to 650 °. The influence of these heat treatments on creep, low-cycle fatigue (LCF), notch sensitivity, cyclic stability, and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) properties has been studied. The microstructure developed through the MHT sequence is shown to be damage tolerant over the temperature range studied. Shot peening leads to a marked improvement in the LCF crack initiation life of the MHT material relative to the SHT material at 650 °. Serrated grain boundaries formed through controlled precipitation of grain-boundary 5 phase are beneficial to elevated- temperature FCGRs. The S-phase precipitates formed at an angle to the grain boundaries do not make the material notch sensitive.     

Neutron Diffraction Study of Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior in an Austenitic–Ferritic Stainless Steel

By performing in situ neutron diffraction experiments on an austenitic–ferritic stainless steel subjected to lowcycle fatigue loading, the deformation heterogeneity of the material at microscopic level has been revealed. Based on the in situ neutron diffraction data collected from a single specimen together with the mechanical properties learned from the ex situ micro-hardness, a correlation has been found. The performance versus diffraction-profile correlation agrees with the cyclic-deformation-induced dislocation evolution characterized by ex situ TEM observation. Moreover, based on the refined neutron diffraction-profile data, evident strain anisotropy is found in the austenite. The high anisotropy in this phase is induced by the increase in dislocation density and hence contributes to the hardening of the steel at the first 10 cycles.Beyond 10 fatigue cycles, the annihilation and the rearrangement of the dislocations in both austenitic and ferritic phases softens the plastically deformed specimen. The study suggests that the evolution of strain anisotropy among the differently oriented grains and micro-strain induced by lattice distortion in the respective phases mostly affect the cyclic-deformationinduced mechanical behavior of the steel at different stages of fatigue cycles. The stress discrepancy between phases is not the dominant mechanism for the deformation of the steel.     

Effect of interstitial content on high- temperature fatigue crack propagation and low- cycle fatigue of alloy 720

Alloy 720 is a high-strength cast and wrought turbine disc alloy currently in use for temperatures up to about 650 °C in Allison’s T800, T406, GMA 2100, and GMA 3007 engines. In the original composition in-tended for use as turbine blades, large carbide and boride stringers formed and acted as preferred crack initiators. Stringering was attributed to relatively higher boron and carbon levels. These interstitials are known to affect creep and ductility of superalloys, but the effects on low-cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation have not been studied. Recent emphasis on the total life approach in the design of turbine discs necessitates better understanding of the interactive fatigue crack propagation and low-cycle fatigue behavior at high temperatures. The objective of this study was to improve the damage tolerance of Alloy 720 by systematically modifying boron and carbon levels in the master melt, without altering the low-cy-cle fatigue and strength characteristics of the original composition. Improvement in strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue life was achieved by fragmenting the continuous stringers via composition modifica-tion. The fatigue crack propagation rate was reduced by a concurrent reduction of both carbon and bo-ron levels to optimally low levels at which the frequency of brittle second phases was minimal. The changes in composition have been incorporated for production disc forgings.     

Arc welding austenitic steels with a stationary consumable electrode

Filler materials for welding V-1461 alloy, increasing the cracking resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties, are selected. The results of the tests of the welded joints by static tensile loading and bending and the impact toughness of the weld metal and low-cycle fatigue are presented. The results show that the application of impact ultrasound treatment increases by an order of magnitude the values of low-cycle fatigue of the welded joints as a result of the formation of a nanostructured surface layer. The level of residual stresses in the welded joints is determined.     

马氏体含量对双相钢焊点拉拉疲劳性能的影响

焊点的疲劳性能是决定车身安全性和可靠性的重要因素. 对不同强度的DP780,DP980和DP1180双相钢焊点进行了检验,在疲劳试验机上进行了拉剪疲劳试验,获得了焊点的疲劳寿命曲线,分析了焊点显微组织、硬度与疲劳性能的关系. 并对焊点的疲劳失效进行了分析. 结果表明:母材性能对其焊点的疲劳性能有较大影响. 母材强度越高即马氏体含量越多,其疲劳性能越优异,三种材料的失效模式均是沿着焊点圆周断裂,裂纹在熔核与母材交界的热影响区萌生,且先贯穿板厚,贯穿板厚的裂纹作为二次裂纹源向板宽方向扩展直至断裂.