焊趾TIG熔修对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接节点疲劳性能的影响

对焊趾氩弧(tungsten-arc inert-gas welding,TIG)熔修与否的10Ni5CrMoV钢大角度焊接节点进行了疲劳试验,比较了相同加载条件下的疲劳寿命、载荷与位移关系及疲劳裂纹启裂位置,同时测量了焊接接头残余应力,并采用有限元计算方法对承载条件下焊接节点的应力应变场进行了分析.结果表明,焊趾TIG熔修显著提高了10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接节点的疲劳性能,在相同承载条件下使焊接节点的疲劳寿命提高了34%.其主要原因在于TIG熔修能有效改善焊趾处的几何形状、降低应力集中程度,从而降低焊趾在承载条件下的应力应变水平,使焊接接头疲劳性能得到提高.     

焊后处理对转向架SMA490BW钢焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

本文分别对焊趾TIG熔修、焊趾TIG熔修+退火处理、焊趾TIG熔修+超声波冲击处理这3种焊后处理状态下的转向架构架材料SMA490BW钢的T形焊接接头进行四点弯曲疲劳试验,拟评估3种焊后处理方法对不同焊接方法焊接接头疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明:焊趾TIG熔修使焊趾处形成了过渡圆滑的重熔区,降低了应力集中程度,改善了接头的疲劳性能;焊趾TIG熔修+退火处理可使熔修区及其热影响区的组织明显细化,减少残余拉应力,进而改善接头疲劳性能;焊趾TIG熔修+超声波冲击处理改善了焊趾的几何外形,降低了焊趾处的应力集中程度,将残余拉应力转变为压应力,并改善了接头区域的微观组织,显著提升了接头疲劳性能。     

超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理

通过超声疲劳试验探究超声冲击对MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。同时,从应力集中、残余应力、晶粒细化等3个因素来探究超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理。结果表明:在1.0×108疲劳寿命下,焊态试样疲劳强度为31.62 MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度为39.81 MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度相较于焊态提高了26%。这说明超声冲击可以明显提高MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能。焊态试样焊趾处应力集中系数K_(t1)=1.95,冲击态试样焊趾处应力集中系数K_(t2)=1.67,应力集中系数降低了14.4%,所以超声冲击可以降低焊趾处的应力集中程度。超声冲击后试样焊趾处的应力由残余拉应力转变成残余压应力。超声冲击细化了焊趾表面晶粒从而改善了MB8镁合金焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能。     

超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能机理探究

通过超声疲劳试验探究超声冲击对MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。同时,从应力集中、残余应力、晶粒细化等三个因素来探究超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理。结果表明：在1.0×108寿命下,焊态试样疲劳强度为31.62MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度为39.81MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度相较于焊态提高了26%。这说明超声冲击可以明显提高MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能。焊态试样焊趾处应力集中系数Kt1=1.95,冲击态试样焊趾处应力集中系数Kt2=1.67,应力集中系数降低了14.4%,所以超声冲击可以降低焊趾处的应力集中程度。超声冲击后试样焊趾处的应力由残余拉应力转变成残余压应力。超声冲击细化焊趾表面晶粒改善MB8镁合金焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能。     

焊趾TIG熔修对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接接头弯曲疲劳性能的影响

采用悬臂弯曲疲劳试验方法比较了相同加载条件下焊趾TIG熔修与否的10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接接头的疲劳寿命．并对焊趾TIG熔修与否的焊接接头在加载条件下的应力应变场进行了有限元计算。结果表明TIG熔修对焊趾形状的改善作用能有效降低焊趾处的应力集中程度，明显提高10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接接头弯曲疲劳性能。     

超声冲击及焊缝余高对6082铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

本文对6082铝合金焊接接头分别进行超声冲击处理和磨平焊缝余高处理,研究残余应力和应力集中对焊接接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:经超声冲击处理后,接头焊趾及其附近区域表层晶粒明显细化;焊趾处由冲击前的残余拉应力转变为残余压应力,其疲劳寿命得到提高;超声冲击前后接头疲劳裂纹均萌生于焊趾部位,而磨平焊缝接头的疲劳裂纹大多萌生于母材圆弧过渡处。无论冲击与否,疲劳断裂机制均为准解理断裂。当超声冲击电流为1.0 A、冲击时间为2 min时,与未超声冲击试样相比,6082铝合金接头疲劳寿命提高11.18%,无余高接头相对焊接接头疲劳寿命提高30.71%。接头表层金属晶粒尺寸、残余应力以及应力集中是影响6082铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的主要因素。     

TIG熔修对7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用焊条电弧焊的方法对7N01铝合金焊接试板进行TIG熔修,对熔修前后的试件进行疲劳寿命测试,并对焊接接头的显微硬度变化进行测试,采用扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行显微形貌分析,并对疲劳源区缺陷进行XRD成分检测.结果表明,TIG熔修对焊趾应力集中的降低有限,还可能引入新的焊接缺陷成为疲劳裂纹源;同时TIG熔修使得焊接区域经受二次加热,沉淀强化相的形态和重新分布造成接头组织弱化,降低了焊接接头抵抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力,多方面作用的结果是:经TIG熔修后铝合金焊接接头疲劳寿命略有降低,所以对于7N01高强铝合金对接接头单纯采用焊趾TIG熔修的方法提高疲劳性能不具备可行性.     

超声冲击对Q370qE钢焊接接头性能的影响

采用超声冲击技术对Q370qE桥梁钢对接接头进行了全覆盖超声冲击处理(UID,并通过XRD、显微硬度计、Olympus金相显微镜等对UIT前后Q370qE焊接接头的残余应力、显微硬度、焊趾应力集中系数等性能的变化进行了测试和分析.结果表明,UIT使左焊趾附近的残余压应力由25.6 MPa增高达240.8 MPa,使右焊趾附近17.2 MPa的残余拉应力转变为196.3 MPa的残余压应力;使焊接接头300 μm深度内次表层的显微硬度由100HV0.5提高到206HV0.5,提高了1倍多;使焊趾区平均过渡半径从1.58 mm增加到2.63 mm,焊缝过渡角由38°减小到27°,这有效改善了接头的几何形状,降低了疲劳应力集中系数.这些性能的变化均有利于提高Q370qE焊接接头的抗疲劳性能.     

承载超声冲击提高TC4钛合金焊接接头的疲劳性能

利用自行研制的HJ-II型超声冲击处理装置对钛合金十字接头焊趾处进行了处理,并对接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,在应力比R=0.5加载条件下,非承载超声冲击处理的TC4钛合金焊接接头较原始焊态的疲劳强度提高了约73.5%,寿命延长了12~17倍左右,承载超声冲击处理的TC4钛合金焊接接头较原始焊态的疲劳强度提高了148.1%,寿命延长了23~26倍左右.同时,从超声冲击前后应力集中系数的改变、焊接接头残余应力的改变、接头焊趾区表层塑性变形及硬度的变化等几个方面阐述了超声冲击提高焊接接头疲劳性能的机理,特别是承载超声冲击提高TC4钛合金焊接接头疲劳性能的原因.     

铁路快捷货车焊接转向架典型接头疲劳性能研究与应用

采用三点弯曲疲劳试验和断口微观分析等方法对焊态(不做工艺处理)和焊后经不同处理的快捷货车焊接转向架的典型焊接接头疲劳性能进行研究。研究结果表明:全熔透T型接头焊态的疲劳强度为146.25 MPa,焊趾经打磨处理后接头的疲劳强度为165.75 MPa,焊趾经喷丸处理后接头的疲劳强度为180.45 MPa,焊趾经打磨+喷丸处理后接头的疲劳强度为203.75 MPa。通过焊后对焊趾进行打磨、喷丸以及打磨+喷丸处理,可有效改善接头焊趾部位的应力集中,并使焊趾处表面拉应力变为压应力,显著提高T型全熔透焊接接头的疲劳强度。     

Improvement mechanism of fatigue strength of weld joints by hammer peening on base metal

New peening technology is proposed to improve the fatigue strength of welded joints. By using this technology, compressive residual stress is introduced at weld toe by the developed peening procedure which plastic deformation is only applied to the base material near the weld toe. In this study, improvement mechanism of fatigue strength of weld joints by hammer peening on base metal was clarified by FEA. It was clarified that increasing of stress at weld toe is controlled by depression formed near the weld toe. Not only compressive residual stress at weld toe but also decreasing stress concentration at weld toe by plastic deformation on base metal was indicated as the factor of improving fatigue strength of weld joints.     

利用低相变点焊条熔修方法改善焊接接头疲劳强度的试验

焊趾部位存在应力集中和残余拉伸应力,使得接头处的疲劳强度远低于基体金属.通过对纵向环绕焊接接头和横向角接焊接接头试样的疲劳试验表明,低相变点焊条(low transformation temperature electrode, LTTE)熔修是提高焊接接头疲劳强度的有效方法.具体结果是,LTTE熔修的上述两种焊接接头在2×106循环周期下其疲劳强度试验结果分别为154.7MPa和173.9MPa,而TIG熔修处理的则分别为152.6MPa和173.3MPa,前者分别是后者的101.4%和100.3%.这表明,LTTE熔修方法与TIG熔修方法相当,但前者较后者简单得多,因此LTTE熔修具有极大的推广应用价值.     

Improving the fatigue property of welded joints for AZ31 magnesium alloy by ultrasonic peening treatment

The fatigue property of AZ31 magnesium alloy and its TIG welded joints were investigated. The ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT) was used to improve the fatigue property of the TIG welded joints, which was treated at the weld toe by the UPT process. The test results show that the fatigue strength of the base metal of AZ31 magnesium alloys is 57.8 MPa, and those of the fillet joint and the transverse cross joint are respectively 20.0 MPa and 17.2 MPa at 2×106 cycles. The fatigue strengths of two kinds of welded joints treated by the UPT are respectively 30.3 MPa and 24.7 MPa, which have been improved by 51.5% and 43.6%, respectively. The fatigue life of the fillet joint specimens is prolonged by about 2.74 times and the fatigue life of the transverse cross joint specimens is prolonged by about 1.05 times when the stress range is at 40.0 MPa.     

Fatigue strength improvement of stainless steel using weld toes dressing with low transformation temperature welding wire

In the present study, low transformation temperature welding wire (LTTW), which can induce residual compressive stress around 304L welded joints, has been developed to improve the fatigue performance of welded joints. Procedure of design and chemical composition of weld metal and deposited metal of LTTW are introduced. The microstructure of weld metal of LTTW is composed of low carbon martensite and residual austenite. The residual stress distribution of a single welding bead of LTTW was measured and the result shows that compressive residual stress is generated. In addition, fatigue test was also carried out on no-load cruciform welded joints of 304L stainless steel under three conditions: as welded, 308L dressing and LTTW dressing. The result shows that the fatigue life of LTTW dressing joints (2×10⁶ cycles) is improved by 14–23 times and 3–6 times compared with that of as welded joints and 308L dressing joints.     

高温超声冲击处理Q345钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

利用自行研制的超声冲击处理装置,对Q345钢对接接头焊趾区分别进行了室温(20℃),250,350及450℃下的高温超声冲击处理,并对处理后接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,在应力比R=0.1的条件下,室温及高温超声冲击处理均能有效改善Q345钢对接接头的疲劳性能,且250℃超声冲击处理接头的疲劳性能与原始焊态相比,改善程度最大,高达99.41%.此外,在残余应力和应力集中因素的影响下,焊接接头疲劳强度的改善程度随超声冲击温度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势.     

7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能与疲劳断裂

针对7xxx高强铝合金的焊接研究现状,主要从TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光−电弧复合焊4类熔化焊工艺进行了介绍;从焊接缺陷、焊缝成形、接头软化、疲劳性能及耐蚀性等方面详述了7xxx高强铝合金熔化焊过程中存在的问题。对于7xxx高强铝合金的TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光−电弧复合焊,焊接缺陷、焊缝成形质量差及接头中强化相熔解等因素都会导致接头发生软化、耐蚀性变差及疲劳寿命降低;通过优化焊接工艺参数,减少焊接缺陷,改善焊缝成形质量,有利于改善接头的软化、耐蚀性差及疲劳寿命低等问题。选用合适的焊丝（含Ti,Zr元素及Er,Sc稀土元素）使焊缝产生沉淀强化、细晶强化及固溶强化,可改善接头软化的问题;采用适当的焊后热处理,改善强化相的尺寸、形态及分布状态,也可改善接头软化的问题;而采用适当的焊后热处理,还可以改善接头的耐蚀性。

     

Study on residual stress in socket weld by numerical simulation and experiment

In this paper, welding residual stress in socket weld of 304L stainless steel pipe was investigated using numerical simulation and validated by X-ray stress measurement. From the simulation results, the maximum tensile residual stresses were located at weld root and weld toe on both sides of the weld along pipe, which led to the fatigue failure. Pre-bevelling and low transformation temperature (LTT) dressing could decrease tensile residual stress both in hoop and axial direction at weld root and weld toe. After LTT dressing, compressive residual stress was generated throughout weld toe. Compressive stress can delay fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Therefore, pre-bevelling and LTT dressing can improve the fatigue life of socket weld.     

铝合金 TIG 焊接接头喷射式微弧氧化腐蚀疲劳性能研究

目的研究铝合金TIG焊接接头经喷射式微弧氧化后对腐蚀条件下疲劳寿命的影响,为延长焊接接头的使用寿命提供一种有效的方法。方法采用TIG焊对5083铝合金进行焊接,观察焊接接头的组织结构,测试焊接接头的显微硬度距焊缝中心的分布情况;通过喷射式微弧氧化方法处理焊接接头,考察陶瓷层的生长曲线和截面纳米硬度;在最大载荷量为7,8,9 k N的条件下,分别对微弧氧化处理与未处理的焊接试样预腐蚀168 h后进行等幅拉伸疲劳实验,对比两种试样拉断时的循环次数。结果铝合金焊接接头呈现不均匀性,微弧氧化后接头陶瓷层均一性较好;陶瓷层厚度增长呈现先快后慢的趋势,表面粗糙度与厚度相关,呈近似线性增长;7,8,9 k N的载荷下,未处理的焊接接头相比于喷射式微弧氧化的接头,疲劳寿命分别降低50.7%,58.3%,64.9%。结论采用喷射式微弧氧化处理可改善铝合金TIG焊接接头的表面状态,阻隔外界腐蚀介质对焊接基体的侵蚀,提高其在预腐蚀和交变应力条件下的疲劳寿命,延长结构零件的使用寿命。