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对黑小麦麸皮中的主要酚酸物质进行制备和定性分析,并测定阿魏酸含量。采用乙醇和氢氧化钠溶液处理黑小麦麸皮,提取样品中的游离态酚酸(free phenolic acids,FPA)和结合态酚酸(conjugated phenolic acids,CPA)。通过液质联用(LC/MS)和紫外光谱(UV)等方法对提取的酚酸物质进行定性分析。紫外光谱显示,游离态和结合态酚酸具有与阿魏酸相似的分子结构。LC/MS检测结果显示,游离态和结合态酚酸的相对分子质量分别为224和194。由此判断黑小麦麸皮中的游离态酚酸FPA主要为芥子酸,结合态酚酸CPA主要为阿魏酸。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对黑小麦麸皮中的结合态阿魏酸含量进行测定。结果表明,紫粒黑小麦麸皮的阿魏酸含量为2.07 mg/g,与蓝粒黑小麦麸皮的阿魏酸含量(2.12 mg/g)相近,其含量高于当地种植的普通小麦麸皮的阿魏酸含量(1.17 mg/g)。 相似文献
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采取裸燕麦麸皮为原料,优化了蛋白提取的工艺条件,并测定了蛋白质的等电点、黏度、热力学性质及原子力形貌观察。在裸燕麦麸皮的蛋白提取工艺中,以NaOH浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数、提取温度为单因素进行实验,并用考马斯亮蓝法对蛋白含量进行测定,根据单因素实验结果做正交实验,得蛋白质的最佳提取条件为0.15%的NaOH溶液,料液比1:8,50℃提取4次,每次提取20 min。该条件下,蛋白质的提取率为74.43%,所提取的蛋白质的等电点为4.8。特性黏度为10.22 g/mL,变性温度为61.49℃,原子力显微镜观察呈球状颗粒均匀分布,部分分子抱团聚集,高度为4 nm左右,最高处可达到19 nm。 相似文献
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燕麦麸蛋白的组成及功能性质研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
以燕麦麸为原料制备了燕麦麸浓缩蛋白(OBPC)。同时,也按照Osborne蛋白分级提取方法对燕麦麸蛋白进行了精细的分类,分别得到了燕麦麸清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白。球蛋白和谷蛋白是燕麦麸蛋白的主要组分。清蛋白提取液中含有高含量的可溶性碳水化合物,可以通过(NH4)2S04分级沉淀的方法将其纯度由6.5%提高到67.2%。SDS-PAGE的结果表明OBPC及各蛋白组分有不同的分子组成。OBPC及各蛋白组分的功能性质,包括溶解性、持水持油性、乳化活性、泡沫性质也分别进行了测定,以评价燕麦蛋白作为一种潜在的配料在食品中的应用价值。 相似文献
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Chevon (goat) meat-based patties were formulated with oat bran (15–50% w/w) and evaluated for nutrient content and physicochemical properties. Moisture, fat, and protein decreased with increased oat bran. Patties containing oat bran had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and lower cholesterol. Additions of oat bran also reduced sodium and zinc. Soluble and insoluble fiber content of patties increased, while cooking loss and shear force of patties decreased with increased oat bran. Nutritional value of patties was enhanced with minimal composition and texture changes at 15 or 20% oat bran addition. 相似文献
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燕麦膳食纤维的制备的工艺要点包括燕麦麸的清理、酶水解处理、碱处理、洗涤、漂白及脱水干燥。提取工艺、碾磨颗粒大小及干燥方法对膳食纤维的物理特性都有影响。 相似文献
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研究小麦麸皮中主要抗氧化活性物质束缚型酚酸的化学法释放工艺。利用超声辅助碱解技术进行酚酸成分的释放,通过单因素试验确定因素与水平,应用Box-Behnken 设计三因素三水平的试验,依据回归分析确定最优的提取工艺条件。结果表明,化学法释放小麦麸皮酚酸的优化提取工艺条件为粉碎粒径0.5mm、温度60℃、时间1h、碱液浓度0.1mol/L、料液比2.5:100(g/mL),提取的总酚释放量为3.687mg/g。处理后的麦麸中游离型酚酸的含量与传统醇提法相比,提高了7.23 倍。 相似文献
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Globulin, albumin, gluten, and gliadin in oat bran were prepared by the Osborn method using oat bran as starting material. We characterized the secondary and tertiary structures of 4 proteins using circular dichroism, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy in order to analyze the composition and functional mechanisms. The results showed that the amino acid composition in all the 4 proteins was relatively balanced, and the essential amino acid content in albumin and globulin was high. The molecular weights of albumin, globulin, gliadin, and gluten were 19 to 21, 15 to 53, 20 to 38, and 10 to 90 kDa, respectively. The composition of gluten was a little complex compared to those of the other oat bran proteins. The secondary structure distribution of the 4 proteins differed, and increase in the pH resulted in modification of the β‐sheet structure to α‐helical structure. Moreover, the α‐helix content and surface hydrophobicity were negatively correlated (r = –0.988, P < 0.05). The peak position (λmax) and intensity of the fluorescence spectra of 4 proteins were in the order of gliadin > globulin > gluten > albumin, indicating that surface hydrophobicity of gliadin was the strongest and that of albumin was the weakest among the 4 proteins. 相似文献
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Chicken frankfurters fat content was decreased by using various levels of oat bran and added water and evaluated for quality. Frankfurters with higher levels of oat bran had less expressible moisture and required higher shear stress to break. There were no difference in springiness among frankfurters made with different levels of oat bran; however, those with higher oat bran were rated less juicy and more grainy by taste panelists. The addition of water increased intensities of strain, springiness and juiciness, but decreased shear stress and hardness values. Contour plots showed optimum formulation at <2% oat bran 20% of added water. 相似文献
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Hyun‐Il Jun Jae‐Wook Shin Geun‐Seoup Song Young‐Soo Kim 《Journal of food science》2015,80(2):C262-C268
Black rice bran contains phenolic compounds of a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the 40% acetone extract of black rice bran was sequentially fractionated to obtain 5 fractions. Out of the 5 fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was subfractionated using the Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts was investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylenebenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, reducing power. The subfraction 2 from ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (816.0 μg/mg) and the lowest EC50 values (47.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical assay, 112.8 μg/mL for ABTS radical cation assay, and 49.2 μg/mL for reducing power). These results were 3.1, 1.3, and 2.6 times lower than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the antioxidant activity and TPC of various extracts was closely correlated, with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.86. The major phenolic acid in subfraction 2 was identified as ferulic acid (178.3 μg/mg) by HPLC and LC‐ESI/MS/MS analyses. Our finding identified ferulic acid as a major phenolic compound in black rice bran, and supports the potential use of black rice bran as a natural source of antioxidant. 相似文献
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采用正交试验考察超临界CO2 萃取燕麦麸皮中燕麦油的最佳工艺技术参数,用GC-MS 分析燕麦麸油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:CO2 超临界萃取的最佳工艺参数为压力15MPa、温度35℃、时间3h,所得燕麦麸油澄清透明,呈金黄色,具有特殊的麦香味。超临界CO2 萃取燕麦麸油中的脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸17.60% 、硬脂酸1.32%、油酸40.15%、亚油酸37.55%、亚麻酸1.89% 和反油酸1.52%;而石油醚萃取燕麦麸油中的脂肪酸主要有15.90%、1.67%、38.38 %、41.67%、1.63% 和1.32%。超临界CO2 萃取与石油醚萃取燕麦麸油中的总不饱和脂肪酸分别占81.11% 和83.00%。 相似文献
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燕麦麸中β-葡聚糖的提取、测定及其在面条中的应用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以机械方法分离出含β-葡聚糖高的燕麦麸为原料,采用酶法测定燕麦麸中β-葡聚糖的含量。通过正交实验研究料液比、时间、温度和溶液的pH值对燕麦麸中β-葡聚糖提取率的影响,同时探讨添加燕麦麸对面条烹煮品质及感官品质特性的影响。结果表明:温度对提取率影响最大,其次为料液比、pH值,时间最小;添加适量的燕麦麸(8%~10%)生产功能性保健面条是可行的。 相似文献
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燕麦麸皮球蛋白的糖基化结构修饰及功能性变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在氨基葡萄糖存在的条件下,利用转谷氨酰胺酶(transglutaminase,TG)对燕麦麸皮球蛋白糖基化结构修饰,进而探讨糖基化蛋白功能性质与结构之间的关系。结果表明,糖基化交联球蛋白的溶解性、乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性相比于未修饰的球蛋白都有明显的改善,但表面疏水性明显下降;另外,酶促糖基化球蛋白的变性温度和焓变值都有所下降,其二级结构变化为:α-螺旋结构相对含量呈增加趋势,β-折叠和β-转角结构相对含量呈下降趋势,无规卷曲结构相对含量几乎没变。经糖基化处理的球蛋白酪氨酸分子主要呈现"暴露态",色氨酸相对拉曼强度更趋近于"包埋态"。酶促糖基化球蛋白二硫键振动模式为t-g-t。通过对球蛋白、修饰球蛋白的功能特性与空间构象的比较分析,明确TG催化葡萄糖结合在燕麦麸球蛋白上,进一步明晰修饰蛋白功能特性与空间构象之间的构效关系。结果可为延长杂粮产业链提供良好的理论依据,同时可以为今后制备燕麦蛋白特定产品进行分子设计和重组提供基础数据。 相似文献
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麦麸发酵前后不同存在形态酚类物质中酚酸含量的变化及其抗氧化活性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以小麦麦麸为培养基,采用三株泡盛曲霉进行固态发酵,分别提取并采用高效液相色谱法测定麦麸发酵前后不同存在形态(游离型、酯苷结合型、糖苷结合型、碱解束缚型和酸解束缚型)的酚类物质中酚酸的含量,并通过DPPH自由基清除试验、还原力试验以及抗脂质过氧化试验,研究这些酚类物质的抗氧化活性。结果表明:未经过发酵的麦麸,束缚型酚酸在总酚酸含量中约占总量的80%,其酚酸类成分主要包括对香豆酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、没食子酸、香草酸和肉桂酸等。发酵后的麦麸,游离型酚类物质的含量显著提高。抗氧化试验的结果显示,麦麸中碱解束缚型的酚类物质和发酵后麦麸的游离型酚类物质的抗氧化性较强。试验结果说明泡盛曲霉能促使被束缚的阿魏酸游离出来,使游离型酚类物质的含量及抗氧化性显著提高;而且抗氧化活性与酚酸的种类及含量有关,咖啡酸、丁香酸和阿魏酸含量高的酚类物质,其抗氧化性也较强。 相似文献