几种杂粮面条对糖尿病大白鼠餐后血糖的影响

研究了不同配方的荞麦面条、燕麦面条和鹰嘴豆面条以及传统的小麦面条对糖尿病大白鼠餐后血糖的影响.大白鼠血糖试验结果如下:荞麦面条(荞麦40 g、小麦粉60 g)、燕麦面条(燕麦粉40 g、小麦粉60g)和鹰嘴豆面条(鹰嘴豆粉90 g、谷朊粉9 g)的餐后血糖曲线下面积(AUC)分别是6.23 (mmol/L)·h、6.56(mmol/L)·h和6.60(mmol/L) h.其值明显低于纯小麦面条的对应值[14.07(mmol/L)·h],显著性P ＜0.05.这表明以荞麦、燕麦和鹰嘴豆为主要原料加工而成的面条比纯小麦面条更适合作为糖尿病人的主食.     

膳食纤维调节2型糖尿病血糖作用研究进展

文章综述了膳食纤维对 2 型糖尿病的降糖作用(包括改善胰岛素抵抗、调节糖脂代谢紊乱、改善氧化应激、调节肠道菌群)和稳定餐后血糖作用(延迟葡萄糖吸收及抑制消化酶活性),从作用机制层面进行了系统分析和总结.     

复合型主食早餐对2型糖尿病患者血糖影响的研究

目的:探讨一种新的复合型主食早餐对2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法:选取60例新入院2型DM患者,实验组20例,对照组40例。实验组给予复合馒头和多元豆浆组成的复合型主食糖尿病早餐,对照组给予标准粉馒头为主食糖尿病早餐。比较两组病人干预前后空腹血糖值和餐后2h血糖值以及平均住院天数等。结果:两组营养治疗后与营养治疗前相比,空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖值均有明显降低(p<0.05);实验组与对照组相比,餐后2h血糖值变化有显著性差异(p<0.05);两组平均住院天数无明显差异(p>0.05)。结论:复合型主食糖尿病早餐对2型DM患者餐后血糖控制有益。     

Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, inhibits carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

Scope Recent studies have reported that tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, possesses anti‐diabetic activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of tiliroside on carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods and results This study showed that tiliroside inhibits pancreatic α‐amylase (IC₅₀ = 0.28 mM) in vitro. Tiliroside was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor of α‐amylase with K_i values of 84.2 μM. In male ICR mice, the increase in postprandial plasma glucose levels was significantly suppressed in the tiliroside‐administered group. Tiliroside treatment also suppressed hyperinsulinemia after starch administration. Tiliroside administration inhibited the increase of plasma glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test, but not in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In human intestinal Caco‐2 cells, the addition of tiliroside caused a significant dose‐dependent inhibition of glucose uptake. The inhibitory effects of both sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) inhibitors (phlorizin and phloretin, respectively) on glucose uptake were significantly inhibited in the presence of tiliroside, suggesting that tiliroside inhibited glucose uptake mediated by both SGLT1 and GLUT2. Conclusion These findings indicate that the anti‐diabetic effects of tiliroside are at least partially mediated through inhibitory effects on carbohydrate digestion and glucose uptake in the gastrointestinal tract.     

添加高钙菜、辣木对大米和糙米米粉品质及餐后血糖的影响

研究大米米粉、糙米米粉、高钙菜糙米米粉和辣木糙米米粉的蒸煮特性、体外模拟环境下葡萄糖释放量及小鼠餐后血糖反应的差异。结果表明,相比于大米米粉,配方为100%的糙米粉的米粉,无论是在米粉品质方面还是在血糖控制方面都优于大米米粉,其最终葡萄糖释放量要比大米米粉的葡萄糖释放量减少约40 mg,而添加了辣木、高钙菜等含有功能性成分物质的糙米米粉对小鼠的餐后血糖值也有降低作用,其最终的葡萄糖释放量分别比大米米粉的葡萄糖释放量减少约11、33 mg,且更能维持米粉的结构完整性,说明添加功能性成分对降低餐后血糖也有一定的作用;但是添加2%辣木和4%高钙菜的含量可能较少,与100%糙米米粉相比,其减缓葡萄糖释放的效果略不显著,100%糙米米粉更有利于人体血糖的调控。     

荞麦面条餐后血糖的评测

研究了纯荞麦面条和市售荞麦面条的加工品质以及对小鼠餐后血糖反应的影响,通过测定面条的基本成分、蒸煮特性、质构特性、感官评定以及餐后血糖反应,来对比纯荞麦面条与市售荞麦面条在控制血糖方面的效果。结果表明,市售荞麦面条在感官评价方面虽然优于纯荞麦面条,但在控制小鼠餐后血糖方面,纯荞麦面条的血糖峰值要比市售荞麦面条晚出现15 min,而且血糖增长曲线也呈现缓升缓降的趋势,餐后血糖的波动较小;在120 min时,灌胃纯荞麦直面的小鼠血糖增长百分比比市售荞麦面条的小鼠血糖增长百分比高约20%,说明纯荞麦面条能有效的维持餐后血糖的稳定,食用纯荞麦直面更能起到一定的饱腹作用。研究表明特定加工工艺下的纯荞麦面条可作为日常膳食摄入以起到降低血糖的作用。     

Glucose transporter and hypoxia-associated gene expression in the mammary gland of transition dairy cattle

Glucose is an important energy substrate, especially needed by dairy cows postpartum to support the onset of lactation. The prioritization and regulation of glucose uptake is accomplished, in part, by changes in expression of cellular glucose transport molecules (GLUT) within the mammary gland. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the expression and cell-type specific localization of GLUT and hypoxia-associated genes that may regulate GLUT expression over the transition period and through lactation in bovine mammary tissue and (2) determine functionality of GLUT on primary bovine mammary endothelial cells (BMEC). Mammary tissue biopsies were taken from cows at 15 d before calving and again at 1, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 d post-parturition for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of GLUT and hypoxia-associated genes. Additional mammary tissue samples were used to localize GLUT within the cells of the lobulo-alveolar system via fluorescence microscopy. Cultures of primary bovine mammary endothelial cells were used to confirm the functionality of GLUT with a fluorescent glucose analog uptake assay. Significant increases in GLUT1 gene expression were observed during early lactation, whereas both GLUT3 and GLUT4 gene expression increased during late lactation. The gene expression for 2 receptors of vascular endothelial growth factor increased significantly during early lactation and remained increased throughout lactation when compared with gene expression during the transition period. All GLUT were detected on cultured BMEC and were capable of internalizing glucose through GLUT-mediated mechanisms. These data suggest mammary vascular tissues express GLUT during lactation and BMEC express functional glucose transporters. A better understanding of glucose uptake at the endothelial level may prove to be critical to improve glucose absorption from the blood for utilization by mammary epithelial cells.     

番石榴叶中广寄生苷和番石榴苷的降糖作用

目的：研究番石榴叶、广寄生苷和番石榴苷的降糖活性和相关性。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法测定不同月份番石榴叶中番石榴苷和广寄生苷的含量;建立降糖脂肪细胞模型,测定不同季节番石榴叶提取物的降糖活性;给药干预后,测定细胞培养液中游离脂肪酸的含量,采用Western blotting法测定脂肪细胞膜葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glucose transporter 4,GLUT4）表达。结果：6-9月份番石榴叶中番石榴苷和广寄生苷的含量较高,同时6-9月份番石榴叶的降糖活性也最好,降糖活性与化合物含量存在正相关性。番石榴叶提取物、番石榴苷和广寄生苷均能显著促进脂肪细胞膜上GLUT4蛋白的表达;番石榴叶提取物、番石榴苷和广寄生苷均能显著抑制游离脂肪酸的释放,降糖活性和抑制脂肪分解也存在正相关性。结论：番石榴苷和广寄生苷两种黄酮苷类化合物是番石榴叶降糖、抑制游离脂肪酸释放的主要活性物质基础。     

咖啡因影响肠道甜味感受和机体葡萄糖代谢平衡

用质量浓度为0.3 g/L的咖啡因溶液对6周大ICR小鼠进行21 d的长期慢性暴露,暴露完成后采用实体显微镜观察、western-blotting、ELISA及血糖测定等技术,分别检测了咖啡因对小鼠肠道小肠绒毛形态,甜味感受和味觉信号转导蛋白质表达,胰岛素和GLP-1、血糖耐受性的影响。与对照组相比,咖啡因长期刺激增加了小鼠小肠绒毛高度,降低了隐窝深度,从而显著增加了绒毛绒腺比;咖啡因长期暴露增加了小鼠肠道中甜味受体蛋白质T1R2和T1R3的表达,降低了味觉信号传导分子α-gustducin表达,然而对SNAP25的表达无显著影响;此外,咖啡因长期暴露显著增加了小鼠肠道对Insulin和GLP-1的释放敏感度,因此也显著性增强了小鼠的血糖耐受性。结果表明,咖啡因暴露可以改变小鼠小肠内的甜味感受通路和对机体血糖动态平衡产生影响。     

松树皮原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠的 血糖的影响

旨在研究松树皮原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响,并探讨其作用机制。通过高脂饲喂结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)造糖尿病小鼠模型,将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组,格列本脲组(250 mg/kg),松树皮原花青素高剂量组(400 mg/kg)、中剂量组(200 mg/kg)、低剂量组(100 mg/kg),连续灌胃8周后通过断尾取血测定糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖;摘眼球取血,分离血清,测定血脂、血清胰岛素(INS)含量、白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量、C反应蛋白(CRP)含量;用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色处理胰脏组织切片,光镜观察病理学改变。实验结果显示,与模型组比较,受试药高、中剂量组能显著降低STZ所致糖尿病小鼠的血糖、TG、TC含量,增加INS含量,显著降低IL-6和CRP含量(P0.05);糖尿病小鼠胰脏病变组织得到修复。实验结果表明,松树皮原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠有明显的降低血糖、改善血脂水平的作用,其作用机制可能与其能修复胰岛受损β细胞,提升血清INS水平,降低炎症因子含量有关。     

绿茶、白茶水提物对肥胖小鼠血糖、血脂的干预作用及肠道微生物的影响

实验比较不同剂量白茶水提物和绿茶水提物对肥胖小鼠降糖、降脂的效果及对小鼠肠道菌群的影响.随机将48只小鼠分为正常组(CK)6只小鼠、造模组(HFD)6只和造模干预组36只小鼠.造模组分别采用2.5％、5％、10％白茶水提物和绿茶水提物处理.实验结束测定小鼠血糖、血脂,并通过高通量测序技术研究小鼠肠道微生物菌属相对丰度变...     

浓缩诱导型海藻酸钠凝胶对鲜湿米粉储藏品质与餐后血糖的影响

为了提高鲜湿米粉的储藏品质并降低其餐后血糖,研究了浓缩诱导型海藻酸钠凝胶对鲜湿米粉蒸煮特性、感官品质、质构特性和餐后血糖的影响。结果表明:浓缩诱导型海藻酸钠凝胶在改善鲜湿米粉蒸煮特性(熟断条率和透射比分别减少了65.43%和11.93%)与即食感官品质(整体感官评分提高了11.76%)的情况下,不仅使储藏10 h后的鲜湿米粉的剪切力和拉伸力分别提高了29. 05%和17. 51%,而且使鲜湿米粉的餐后血糖峰值降低了1.40%并延迟15 min出现,同时使餐后2 h的血糖值降低了17.70%。因此,浓缩诱导型海藻酸钠凝胶能够提高鲜湿米粉的储藏品质,并使鲜湿米粉具有较好的高血糖人群食用适宜性。     

L-阿拉伯糖生理活性研究进展

L-阿拉伯糖是植物中特有的五碳醛糖,具有良好的理化性质和健康功能,可广泛应用于食品、化工、医药等各个领域.L-阿拉伯糖具有抑制蔗糖吸收、改善胰岛素抵抗、降低血清甘油三酯、减少脂肪生成和改善肠道环境等方面的生理活性.作者综述了近年来L-阿拉伯糖生理活性的研究进展及作用机制,为L-阿拉伯糖进一步开发利用提供依据.     

青柿子提取物抑制消化酶活性与降血糖效应

为探究青柿子提取物对人唾液α-淀粉酶(HSA)、猪胰腺α-淀粉酶(PPA)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-Glu)的抑制作用及餐后血糖变化,以青柿子为原料,采用超声辅助丙酮萃取和大孔树脂纯化法制备青柿子提取物,通过酶活性抑制率分析、酶动力学分析和酶荧光猝灭试验研究青柿子提取物体外抑制酶的效果及机制;通过小鼠实验验证青柿子提取物对餐后血糖水平的控制作用。结果表明:青柿子提取物抑制HSA、PPA、α-Glu活性,抑制类型均为混合性抑制,半抑制浓度值(IC50)分别为(16.18±0.17),(13.57±0.30),(3.22±0.03)μg/mL;HSA、PPA、α-Glu酶与青柿子提取物均有1个结合位点,说明青柿子提取物作用于HSA、PPA、α-Glu酶的荧光发色基团,自发形成复合物,引起HSA、PPA、α-Glu酶发色基团周围微环境的改变和酶内源性荧光淬灭,从而抑制酶活性。动物实验表明青柿子提取物可明显降低小鼠餐后血糖水平,提示青柿子提取物通过抑制淀粉酶和葡萄糖苷酶活性来降低餐后血糖水平。