褐煤干燥脱水提质技术现状及发展方向

为实现褐煤合理、高效利用,减轻褐煤利用中的环境污染,阐述了国内外褐煤干燥脱水提质技术现状,论述了国内褐煤干燥脱水提质技术工业化示范项目的进展情况,说明褐煤经干燥脱水提质处理后,可脱除褐煤中大部分水分,发热量显著提高,提质后的褐煤具有较高的附加值,便于运输、贮存及综合利用。针对褐煤干燥脱水提质过程中存在的烟尘排放量大、能耗高、余热难以回收利用、干燥褐煤成型率低、型煤易爆裂产生碎块等问题,从加强褐煤性质和干燥脱水基础理论研究、加强干燥工艺及其配套干燥设备的研发、加强褐煤干燥后产品利用技术研究3方面提出了褐煤干燥脱水提质技术的发展方向。     

中国褐煤提质技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内外典型的褐煤干燥提质技术和褐煤干馏技术以及这两类技术的优缺点。阐述了中国褐煤提质市场和主要干馏工艺的发展建设现状,总结了中国褐煤提质工业的发展情况。2008_2012年,中国干馏提质项目明显增加,而干燥提质项目数量基本稳定,多用于坑口电厂的电煤干燥;2010年项目总量和投资额出现低点,2011年以后,中国褐煤提质项目投资额成倍增长。阐述了目前国内主要的褐煤干馏提质项目主要有国富GF褐煤提质工艺、LCC提质工艺、DG工艺直立炭化炉工艺、ZDL工艺等,并对各项目的应用情况进行对比。最后提出了中国褐煤提质技术的发展趋势主要为：减少褐煤直接燃烧,加大褐煤提质再利用;以褐煤干馏提质为主,辅以干燥提质;褐煤资源的多联产梯级利用逐步成为褐煤资源利用的主导;褐煤提质装备系统大型化将是褐煤综合利用系统装备开发的发展主流。     

褐煤干燥提质及其用于燃煤锅炉烟气余热回收研究

在实际进行褐煤干燥提质技术应用的过程中,一直存在着安全性、经济性和大规模生产问题。而将褐煤干燥提质技术应用在燃煤锅炉烟气余热回收中,则能够在一定程度上解决这些问题。基于这种认识,本文在对褐煤干燥提质技术展开分析的基础上,对该技术在燃煤锅炉烟气余热回收中的运用问题展开了研究,从而为关注这一话题的人们提供参考。     

褐煤脱水提质技术的研究进展

对目前开发应用较为广泛的褐煤干燥提质技术进行了介绍和分析,认为褐煤提质加工是有效利用褐煤的关键,有些褐煤干燥提质技术还处于研发阶段,应在传统的褐煤干燥提质技术基础上拓展新技术的开发与应用,推动褐煤干燥提质技术尽快工业化。     

褐煤干燥提质技术浅谈

介绍褐煤的基本性质和几种褐煤的干燥提质技术,如管式干燥技术、蒸汽流化床干燥技术(DWT法)、热脱水工艺和LFC褐煤干燥等,简单分析各工艺,展望褐煤干燥提质的前景.     

煤干燥尾气中的水回收技术

在传统湿法除尘技术的基础上,结合常规的降温去湿、闪蒸汽提、真空冷凝3种组合工艺,开发了一种新型的煤干燥蒸发尾气中的水回收技术,其特点是工艺简单,可操作性强,节水效果明显,有效实现余热利用和煤干燥系统载气的密闭循环。采用该技术可回收尾气中90%以上的水分,回收水质良好,可用于装置锅炉及其他需水工段。     

褐煤提质技术研究进展与展望

介绍了褐煤提质的必要性以及褐煤提质工艺的发展现状,列举了蓄热式无热载体旋转床干馏工艺、输运床气化炉(TRIGTM)、固体热载体煤热解工艺等几种提质干燥工艺流程及其特点;提出了我国褐煤干燥提质技术的发展方向。     

褐煤脱水改质技术

介绍了褐煤的性质及褐煤直接发电利用过程中存在的问题,阐述了国内外褐煤脱水、改质及干燥技术的特点。振动床褐煤干燥技术处理量大,干燥效果好,过程易控,是最适合中国褐煤提质的工艺技术。     

基于步进式篦床的褐煤干馏提质系统研发

提出了一种基于步进式篦床工作方式的褐煤干馏提质系统。该系统针对小颗粒褐煤进行干馏提质,通过步进式篦床输送褐煤依次经过干燥段、干馏段、余热回收段和冷却段4个工作区域,实现褐煤的干馏提质,得到煤焦油和半焦产品,可有效地提高褐煤的利用价值。     

褐煤干燥成型工艺技术综述

褐煤干燥成型技术是将成本低廉的富含水分的褐煤在一定温度下经脱水后转化成为具有类似烟煤性质的提质煤。提质后的褐煤更有利于综合利用、运输和贮存,且具有可观的经济价值。介绍了国外7种褐煤干燥工艺技术和褐煤热压成型技术;着重论述了管式间接干燥工艺和高压热压成型工艺的干燥过程、成型过程、工艺特点及优缺点;通过工艺设计数据、物料衡算基准和关键设备配置,例举了褐煤干燥成型工艺设计应用实例;分析和论证了褐煤成型过程的性能保证和安全性保障。对褐煤干燥成型生产装置进行了技术经济评价,结果表明：建设1套百万吨级的褐煤干燥成型工厂,其建设投资约为3.8亿元,型煤加工成本约为60元/t。     

Energy analysis of a lignite predrying power generation system with an efficient waste heat recovery system

Lignite has been extensively used for electricity generation in many regions worldwide. However, its high water content has obviously negative effect on plant thermal efficiency. Performance of lignite-fired power plant can be improved by predrying the lignite before combustion. In addition, recovery of waste heat from the dryer and the power generation system will enhance the plant thermal efficiency further. In the present study, a new lignite predrying power generation system integrated with an efficient waste heat recovery system was proposed. Both dryer exhaust waste heat and steam turbine exhaust latent heat were recovered to heat boiler feed water. Energy analysis indicates that system performance is improved significantly. The plant thermal efficiency increases linearly with drying degree and then increases at a lower rate. The generation of unused dryer exhaust changes the variation tendency of system performance with drying degree.     

Energy,exergy and economic analyses on heat pump drying of lignite

Abstract

Evaporative drying of lignite is an energy intensive process. In this study, the heat pump is integrated with a lignite drying system to decrease the energy consumption rate of lignite drying. The performance of heat pump drying is energetically and exergetically evaluated with developed models. Results show that the power consumption rates to dehydrate 1?kg of water from raw lignite in the heat pump drying system without and with lignite preheater are 660.82 and 585.62?kJ (kg H₂O)^?1, respectively. Exergetic analysis indicates that most exergy is destructed in the condenser and the evaporator in the heat pump drying. The case of lignite-to-electricity process (i.e., a lignite-fired power plant integrated with heat pump drying) is studied to examine additional benefits of heat pump drying to the downstream industrial processes that consume dried lignite. Thermodynamic and economic models are developed. Net efficiency of the lignite-to-electricity process can be increased by 1.4 and 1.57 percentage points for heat pump drying without and with lignite preheater, respectively. Preliminary economic analysis shows that the integration of heat pump drying without and with lignite preheater can earn additional 1.42 and 1.73 million USD, respectively. The influences of drying system and heat pump parameters are also analyzed.     

Theoretical Study and Case Analysis of a Predried Lignite–Fired Power Plant with the Waste Heat Recovery System

Along with the construction of many coal-fired power plants, the supply of bituminous coal has become a key interest in China. An increasing number of coal-fired power plants consume lignite. However, lignite-fired power plants feature a very low plant thermal efficiency. But by means of lignite predrying, the efficiency of the lignite-fired power system can be improved, and the recovery of waste heat from the dryer can improve the plant thermal efficiency further. In the present article a theoretical model of the predried lignite–fired power plant with the waste heat recovery system based on basic thermal principles is developed and an existing case is analyzed. The above plant was shown to enhance the thermal efficiency of a conventional lignite-fired power plant by approximately 2.45%, which is 0.58% higher than predried lignite–fired power plant without waste heat recovery. Moreover, the influence of system parameters on the improvement of the plant thermal efficiency is determined. The results can be used in optimization of a waste heat recovery system in the thermodynamic process to increase the economy of lignite-fired power plants.     

褐煤深度脱水的实验研究

针对褐煤低温烟气干燥技术脱水幅度难以提高,发热量增加不多等问题,提出了低温干燥与深度脱水的联合工艺。研究了不同干燥温度、干燥时间和煤样粒度对褐煤深度脱水效果的影响,结果表明:褐煤深度脱水适宜的干燥温度为500～800℃,较为适宜的干燥时间为80 s左右,当粒度小于50 mm时,干燥产物发热量随粒度变化不大。最后提出了褐煤深度脱水最佳工艺条件和参数,即当预干燥煤的Mar约为18%,煤样粒度为-50 mm,干燥温度为700℃,干燥时间为80 s时,深度脱水产物的Mar为8%,Vdaf在46%左右,折算Qnet,ar约为21 kJ/g。褐煤深度脱水促进了褐煤发热量的进一步提高,实现了褐煤资源的增值,研究结果为褐煤低温干燥与深度脱水联合工艺技术方案的确定奠定了基础。     

褐煤干燥后水分复吸的实验研究

空气湿度是产生复吸的重要条件,湿度越高复吸的程度越高;自然条件下,温度越高复吸速度越快;产物粒度越小复吸速度和复吸程度越大。深度干燥煤的复吸水主要发生在煤堆表面。研究了高温烟气干燥褐煤的水分复吸性能,结果表明,在6％～11％的全水含量范围内,干燥煤复吸后水分升高幅度基本一致。在此全水范围内干燥煤全水高低不会影响复吸结果。     

单颗粒褐煤高温烟气干燥过程数值模拟

褐煤干燥对于提高其品质具有重要意义。为了模拟高温烟气干燥这一高温差、变温差非稳态传热传质过程中褐煤内水分蒸发过程,采用有限体积法建立了一维球坐标系下蒸发界面向内迁移的单颗粒褐煤干燥数学模型,并利用该模型分析了初始烟气温度和颗粒粒径对单个褐煤颗粒干燥特性的影响。模型模拟结果与实验结果对比表明二者变化趋势一致,所建模型能较好地反映出高温烟气干燥过程中褐煤内水分蒸发过程。结果表明,初始烟气温度越高,颗粒粒径越小,蒸发界面向内迁移速度越快,水分脱除越快,干燥时间越短;蒸发界面平均迁移速度均与初始烟气温度和颗粒粒径呈线性关系;在初始烟气温度700℃下,较短的停留时间使得颗粒表面温度未达到挥发分析出温度,本研究中不同粒径褐煤颗粒在干燥过程中基本没有挥发分的析出。