A study of encoding overhead in network management protocols

Next‐Generation Network (NGN) is a critical scenario in terms of network management because of its network dimension, its number of users and its heterogeneity. Since the introduction of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) at the beginning of the 1990s, much effort has been devoted to the development of new network management technologies. Both the Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) have developed different network and system management protocols, such as Common Open Policy Service, Web‐Based Enterprise Management, Network Configuration and even adapted other protocols, such as Diameter and Web Services. A network management technology with poor scalability could compromise NGN management and ultimately NGN network behaviour. This paper analyses the network overhead of several management technologies developed by the DMTF and IETF, and goes on to compare their results with the usage of SNMP. Furthermore, some deployment recommendations are proposed for performance optimization in NGNs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Network management integrating SNMP/CMIP protocol implementations

In this paper, a new approach to integratingSNMP andCMIP protocols in a network management system is introduced. It is based on the use of proxy systems allowing to integrate SNMP network management agents in a general network management framework based onCMIP. The system architecture for marrying the protocols is first presented. Then the key features of a new protocol gateway implementing the proxy function are described, with emphasis on the explanation of theSNMP/CMIP mapping algorithm and the threshold/event reporting functions.     

Web Services‐based network management: approaches and the WSNET system

While the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is still the dominant protocol for managing network elements in IP‐based networks and the Internet, network managers are acknowledging its limitations with respect to configuration management, application development and decentralization of management tasks. Web Services (WS) have been recently proposed to alleviate these limitations, given their pertinence to both decentralized management paradigms (e.g., CORBA), and XML management systems which provide efficiency in configuration management operations. This paper reviews architectures for WS‐based network management, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. These architectures address management of both individual network elements and composite multi‐device networks. Moreover, the paper introduces the architecture of a prototype system for WS‐based network management, namely WSNET. Along with presentation of the WSNET system, we provide a set of experimental results reporting performance figures for the WSNET system, as well as for systems based on other WS architectures. These figures allow for a comparative evaluation of the various systems, and manifest the benefits of the WSNET implementation. An important conclusion from our work is that WS should be seen as an accompaniment to conventional SNMP management rather than a replacement. However, there are also cases (e.g., need for secure remote access) where WS serve as a core rather than auxiliary solution, given that conventional methods are not applicable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On management of CATV full service networks: a European perspective

The CATV network operators hope to offer digital services and evolve their networks to full service networks. There are many hurdles for them at the moment in the transition to a digital network and digital service offering from the current analog-based technology. Key to the success of the transition will be a well-integrated and capable management system to allow CATV operators and service providers to control the network as well as the services they will offer. The CATV operators need to agree on a common data communication infrastructure and plan how their new digital services will be offered to subscribers without disrupting the current customer base of analog service users. The choice of network technology and data communication protocols will have a strong influence on the network management technology chosen. A vital element for the provision of a common open communication architecture as well as for the purposes of network management is that the IP is used. The adoption of existing standards is vital in order to establish a fast route to open network management for CATV networks. It is possible that CATV operators and service providers will have to integrate existing SNMP management systems and TMN/OSI management, with newer integrated service management systems based on TINA and implemented on a CORBA platform. There is a strong need to address security issues before any of these technologies can be deployed for service. There is currently investment (deployed systems and research) which uses each of the technologies mentioned, so these technologies will need to coexist. This article highlights the differences between the North American and European network architectures, and outlines the European network and network management scenario. This is based on the authors involvement in a Pan-European CATV project, Integrated Broadband Communication over Broadcast Networks-IBCoBN     

Simple,efficient location‐based routing for data center network using IP address hierarchy

Increasing demand and sophistication of applications deployed on data centers resulted in various designs for data center networks (DCNs). One of the major challenges in the design of DCNs is the design of routing protocol that scales to support millions of servers that a typical DCN hosts. Many alternative routing protocols are proposed to overcome the scalability problem of conventional routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First and Routing Information Protocol. These alternative protocols that use topology characteristics of DCN are broadly classified as source routing and location‐based routing. In the process of fixing the scalability problem, these protocols introduced additional complexities such as large network control overhead and reprogramming of network elements. The extra control overhead in these protocols is the result of their effort to determine the relative location of the end hosts in a given topology. Further, existing location‐based routing is not entirely location based and covers only the latter half of a route. In our work, we present a new location‐based routing based on IP address hierarchy that (a) does not need any additional network control plane and management planes, (b) deployable on proven network technologies, and (c) covers entire path of the route. We establish the correlation between topology design and address assignments that helps determining the location of an end host directly from the address assigned to it. We demonstrate our proposed location‐based routing on an existing proven architecture for DCN, BCube‐IP and on our proposed architecture 4‐4, 1‐4. We give proper justification for proposing 4‐4, 1‐4, a better design for our proposed location‐based routing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于数据库的IP网络管理研究

针对广泛应用的网络管理协议SNMP,研究了如何高效地进行基于SNMP的IP网络管理。首先分析了目前基于SNMP的IP网络管理框架结构中存在的一些问题,然后有针对性地提出了基于数据库的SNMP网络管理结构,并具体分析了改进结构的工作机制。     

一种基于网络管理的CORBA/SNMP网关模型的构建

首先介绍了分布式CORBA技术在网络管理中应用的必然趋势，通过分析基于传统的SNMP和分布式CORBA两种网络管理体系的结构框架以及JIDM规范，提出了一种新的基于网络管理的CORBA／SNMP网关模型框架。最后，介绍了搭建CORBA／SNMP网关模型所需要的开发平台并基于此开发平台进行了相关的试验和仿真，其结果进一步表明本文所提出的模型是适用的、正确的、能够将现有的SNMP网管系统集成到CORBA网管系统中。     

XML‐Based Network Management for IP Networks

XML‐based network management, which applies XML technologies to network management, has been proposed as an alternative to existing network management. The use of XML in network management offers many advantages. However, most existing network devices are already embedded with simple network management protocol (SNMP) agents and managed by SNMP managers. For integrated network management, we present the architectures of an XML‐based manager, an XML‐based agent, and an XML/SNMP gateway for legacy SNMP agents. We describe our experience of developing an XML‐based network management system (XNMS), XML‐based agent, and an XML/SNMP gateway. We also verify the effectiveness of our XML‐based agent and XML/SNMP gateway through performance tests. Our experience with developing XNMS and XML‐based agents can be used as a guideline for development of XML‐based management systems that fully take advantage of the strengths of XML technologies.     

Integrating SNMP agents with XML-based management systems

XML-based network management systems are becoming more and more popular these days. However, it has to be taken into account that there is a broad existing management infrastructure based on non-XML protocols. Today, the most dominant technology in Internet management is based on the SNMP framework. This article presents an approach for seamless integration of management information supplied by SNMP agents into XML-based systems. This is done by an automated transformation of SMI MIB definitions into XML schema definitions, which implies a corresponding transformation of SNMP management information into XML documents. Furthermore, we present an SNMP-to-XML gateway that allows retrieval of such XML management information at runtime.     

Development of SNMP‐XML translator and gateway for XML‐based integrated network management

The research objective of our work is to develop a SNMP MIB to XML translation algorithm and to implement an SNMP‐XML gateway using this algorithm. The gateway is used to transfer management information between an XML‐based manager and SNMP‐based agents. SNMP is widely used for Internet management, but SNMP is insufficient to manage continuously expanding networks because of constraints in scalability and efficiency. XML–based network management architectures are newly proposed as alternatives to SNMP‐based network management, but the XML‐based Network Management System (XML‐based NMS) cannot directly manage legacy SNMP agents. We also implemented an automatic specification translator (SNMP MIB to XML Translator) and an SNMP‐XML gateway. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

SNMP for home automation

Home and building automation applications impose the need for convergence, or at least interoperability, of data networks with intelligent building networks. This situation entails the use of a unified management system. In this paper we extend the traditional SNMP‐based network management system paradigm by creating an integrated site network management system that contains data elements, telecommunication equipment and intelligent building devices. A possible architecture based on a proxy gateway is presented and analyzed. We suggest an implementation and potential applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

私有云建设方案

目前国内各运营商均建有私有云平台,主要承载内部系统如IT支撑、业务系统等,对于电信运营商而言,云计算技术的应用对原有系统的建设模式、运维管理等带来新的挑战,本文总结并分析私有云平台建设过程中面临的问题,针对建设模式、管理架构、技术应用等探讨改进思路,并给出相关建议。     

嵌入式设备中SNMP与Web集成的网络管理模型的研究及设计

SNMP(Simple Network Management Protoco1)是当今一项重要的网络管理技术,然而随着因特网的发展,需要能够用Web的方式来配置和管理产品.因此在嵌入式设备中集成SNMP和Web两种管理方式将使得产品更具有竞争力.文章针对嵌入式设备,提出了一种集成的管理模型,并基于该模型给出了集成SNMP和Web两种管理方式的软件架构.     

Network management of TCP/IP networks: present and future

Recent network management activities in the TCP/IP community have focused on standardizing two network management protocols-Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Common Management Information Services and Protocol Over TCP/IP (CMOT)-that provide for the exchange of management information. The current SNMP and CMOT approaches to TCP/IP network management are compared from several different perspectives; comparisons are based on both theory and knowledge gained from actual implementation experiences. The current level of user and vendor acceptance for these two protocols is examined and explained, and ongoing standardization efforts are summarized. Relevant ongoing work is summarized, and trends over the next few years are discussed     

基于SNMP的微波网管系统控制器软件设计

SNMP协议由于其简单实用,系统开销小等优点,其应用起来越广泛。分析了微波网管系统总体功能结构,提出了基于SNMP的微波网管系统控制器软件结构图。在ARM和uClinux平台上设计了控制器的软件模块,使用开源软件包net-snmp-5.4.2,编写相关设备驱动程序和应用程序完成了控制器的软件设计,以实现微波网络监控系统控制器的功能。     

MaGMA: mobility and group management architecture for real‐time collaborative applications

We introduce MaGMA, a mobility and group management architecture, enabling real‐time collaborative group applications such as push‐to‐talk (PTT) for mobile users. MaGMA provides, for the first time, a comprehensive and scalable solution for group management, seamless mobility, and quality‐of‐service (QoS). MaGMA is a distributed IP‐based architecture consisting of an overlay server network deployed as part of the service infrastructure. MaGMA's architecture consists of a collection of mobile group managers (MGMs), which manage group membership and may also implement a multicast overlay for data delivery. The architecture is very flexible, and can co‐exist with current as well as emerging wireless network technologies. We see such services as essential components in beyond‐3G (B3G) networks. We propose two group management approaches in the context of MaGMA. We devise protocols for both approaches, evaluate both solutions using simulations, and validate the results through mathematical analysis. Finally, we present a proof‐of‐concept prototype implementation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IP网络管理系统的设计与实现

文章介绍了一个实用SNMP网络管理系统的设计与实现.首先给出了基于B/S模式的的系统结构,然后分析了拓扑发现、性能监测、状态监视、TRAP接收、告警处理等关键技术,最后是对该网管平台的评价和下一步的工作.     

ActiVECOM: An inter-working framework for Corba and DCOM based on a generic protocol

The constant rising of networks and the decrease of computer system costs have enforced the development of distributed platforms. Microsoft dcom (distributed component object model) and omg (object management group) Corba (common object request broker architecture) are two major solutions to develop distributed applications. However, heterogeneity of these platforms is a fundamental problem which prevents applications to inter-work because they depend on their platform support. Then, each of them introduces its own functionality from several perspectives: they define distinct Idls (interface definition language), distinct system mechanisms (for instance, object binding is based either on object references or on interface binding handles) and distinct communication protocols: orpc (object remote procedure call) for dcom and hop (Internet inter-ORB protocol) for Corba. While the commonly used approaches are based on bridges or on parsers, we propose, in this paper, an alternative approach to enable inter-working between Corba and dcom applications. Actually, we present a model called “activecOM” which provides native interworking between Corba and Dcom. In particular, an original solution — called grip for generic remote invocation protocol — obtained by combination of hop and orpc internal protocol behaviours is described. The grip protocol inherits both the robustness of orpc and the simplicity of hop. It also preserves compatibility with those solutions and enables interoperability without the use of bridges.     

PKG‐VUL: Security Vulnerability Evaluation and Patch Framework for Package‐Based Systems

In information security and network management, attacks based on vulnerabilities have grown in importance. Malicious attackers break into hosts using a variety of techniques. The most common method is to exploit known vulnerabilities. Although patches have long been available for vulnerabilities, system administrators have generally been reluctant to patch their hosts immediately because they perceive the patches to be annoying and complex. To solve these problems, we propose a security vulnerability evaluation and patch framework called PKG‐VUL, which evaluates the software installed on hosts to decide whether the hosts are vulnerable and then applies patches to vulnerable hosts. All these operations are accomplished by the widely used simple network management protocol (SNMP). Therefore, system administrators can easily manage their vulnerable hosts through PKG‐VUL included in the SNMP‐based network management systems as a module. The evaluation results demonstrate the applicability of PKG‐VUL and its performance in terms of devised criteria.     

一个新的集成网络管理体系结构

已存在的三个网络管理体系结构,基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／ＳＮＭＰ,基于ＯＳＩ／ＴＭＮ的网络体系结构不能独立完成对计算机和电信网的综合管理。基于新出现的计算技术和ＴＭＮ的逻辑分层管理体系结构,提出了一个能够综合管理计算机网和电信网的集成网络管理体系结构,并分析此管理体系结构的特点。