反应火焰喷涂TiC/Fe复合涂层显微结构研究

采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备Ti-Fe-C系反应喷涂复合粉末,通过反应火焰喷涂技术成功制备了TiC/Fe基金属陶瓷复合涂层.利用XRD和SEM对喷涂粉末和涂层的成分、组织结构进行了分析,考察了喷涂粉末粒度、Ti的加入方式对涂层组织结构的影响.研究结果表明:所制备的TiC/Fe复合涂层由不同含量TiC颗粒分布于晶粒内部而形成的晶内型复合强化片层组织叠加而成,TiC颗粒呈纳米级;喷涂粉末粒度较大时,制备的涂层中出现有害相Fe2Ti,片层厚度较大,孔隙率高;以纯Ti粉为Ti源制备的喷涂粉末和以TiFe粉为Ti源制备的喷涂粉末相比较,其涂层中硬质相TiC含量较少,孔隙率较大.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-17Co涂层微观结构与性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术喷涂了两种不同WC颗粒尺寸的WC-17Co粉末.对制备的两种涂层的硬度、孔隙率、断裂韧性、结合强度和电化学腐蚀行为进行了测试.结果表明:具有亚微米结构WC颗粒的粉末制备的涂层,在硬度、孔隙率、断裂韧性方面具有一定优势,而含有大颗粒WC相的粉末制备的涂层在结合强度、腐蚀行为方面优势明显,这说明WC颗...     

Fe基非晶涂层组织及晶化行为分析

目的研究非晶涂层在不同喷涂速度下的涂层组织及晶化行为。方法以成分为FeCoCrMoCBY的非晶粉末为喷涂材料,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在Q235钢表面制备非晶涂层,通过降低喷涂速度,使得单位面积上涂层得到的热输入量增加,使得涂层发生晶化行为,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描热仪DSC和透射电镜TEM等研究不同喷涂速度对非晶涂层显微组织及晶化行为的影响。结果随喷涂速度降低,未熔颗粒减少,涂层孔隙率逐渐减小,涂层晶化程度增高且更易氧化。采用不同喷涂速度使单位面积内涂层的热输入量不一样,导致涂层发生晶化,涂层在晶化过程中先析出α-Fe,再析出FeO,Fe_3C及其他相。结论不同喷涂速度下得到的涂层可以用来分析涂层的晶化行为。对于非晶含量较高的涂层,在界面处也可能会有纳米晶产生。     

棒材等离子喷涂制备非晶态合金雾化过程的数值模拟及工艺参数的制定

根据已有的火焰喷涂一维稳定流动学研究的成果,提出棒材等离子喷涂法制备非晶涂层的雾化机理并计算了棒材等离子喷涂法制备非晶时雾化粒子的中值粒径。同时改变棒材等离子喷涂中主气压力和辅气压力两个主要参数,优化了铁系非晶涂层制备工艺。结果表明,3mm Fe80P13C7及Fe72Cr8P13C7的晶体棒材通过大气等离子喷涂,在喷涂电压为55V,喷涂电流为600A,棒材与喷嘴的距离为4mm,送棒速率为50mm/min,喷涂距离为100mm,喷涂角度≈90°,主气压力为0.95MPa,辅气压力为0.35MPa喷涂可制备非晶涂层。     

Ni基合金粉末及其非晶涂层的制备与表征

为解决非晶粉末价格昂贵、成型困难等问题,采用真空气雾化法制备了Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末,利用火焰喷涂焰流温度高、冷凝速度快有利于形成非晶相等特点,经火焰喷涂后制备了镍基非晶涂层。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等对粉末和涂层的相组织结构、表面形貌和微观特征进行了表征。结果表明:Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末形貌为球形或近球形,主要由晶体相FeNi3和Ni CrFe固溶体组成,非晶含量较少。制备的Ni基非晶涂层组织结构致密,主要由非晶相和Cr2Ni3金属间化合物组成,非晶含量可达70%(体积分数)。     

超音速火焰喷涂硅酸盐玻璃涂层工艺研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了硅酸盐玻璃涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱、衍射和强度试验研究了涂层的组织特征、机械性能等.研究表明,制备玻璃涂层的最佳工艺为:粉末颗粒尺寸为25～50μm,氧气流量34～36m3/h,煤油流量13～14L/h,喷涂距离25cm;涂层组织较致密,玻璃涂层厚度可达到0.5mm以上;涂层基本呈非晶态,热喷涂后玻璃涂层冷却速度对涂层的析晶行为有一定影响;涂层与基体之间的结合形式为机械结合,涂层的内聚强度约为8MPa,其拉伸断裂形式为宏观脆性断裂,涂层具有一定硬度和抗冲击性能.     

低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的特性

以细小的氧化铝为热喷涂粉末,采用低压等离子喷涂制备了沉积率高于50%,孔隙率低于2%的氧化铝涂层.研究了不同工艺下低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的沉积率、相组成和显微结构,并对低压等离子功率和真空室压力工艺参数对涂层的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的涂层以α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃相并存;随着功率和压力提高,涂层的孔隙率有明显的降低,但压力达到23.7kPa时功率影响较小.此外,还对等离子焰流中的粒子温度和速度进行了计算.结果表明,在23.7kPa压力下保证粒子充分熔融的前提下使粒子具有较高的运动速度.     

超音速冷喷涂Cu-Al_2O_3复合涂层特性

采用冷喷涂技术在铝基板上制备了Cu-Al2O3复合涂层,以复合涂层为催化荆进行了甲醇水蒸气重整制氢实验,并利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对实验前后的涂层进行了表征.结果表明,涂层之间和涂层与基板问的结合主要为机械咬合,孔隙率较高,与喷涂颗粒相比,涂层没有相的变化;喷涂后Al2O3颗粒发生了破碎,而Cu颗粒变形不充分,Cu颗粒特性导致涂层中铜含量比粉末中的低;甲醇水蒸气重整制氢实验表明,Cu-Al2O3复合涂层由于含氧高而具有比纯铜涂层更好的稳定性.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上制备了Fe基非晶合金涂层,结果表明,采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺成功制备了一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层.涂层各个区域的组织均匀,孔隙率小,呈典型的层状分布;其孔隙率约为2.2%,具有很高的硬度,平均显微硬度为1065.0HV50.并且所获得的非晶合金涂层具有较高的热稳定性,在596.0℃以下使用,不会发生晶化过程.     

冷喷涂CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3催化涂层微结构

采用冷喷涂方法在铝基板上制备了CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化涂层,并利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对涂层进行了表征。结果表明,冷喷涂前后催化剂颗粒和涂层的组成基本相同;涂层与基板和涂层之间以机械咬合结合为主;加热气体温度较低时,涂层呈现疏松扁平层叠和多孔结构;涂层形貌受加热气体温度与颗粒破碎的影响。在该涂层上进行甲醇水蒸气重整制氢试验,结果表明冷喷涂技术可以成功应用于制备催化功能涂层材料。     

Numerical simulation of coating growth and pore formation in rapid plasma spray tooling

Rapid plasma spray tooling (RPST) is a process that can quickly make molds from rapid prototyping or nature patterns without limitation of pattern's size or material. In this paper, the process of coating growth and pore formation in RPST has been analyzed by numerical simulation. The objective of this work was to determine the porosity in plasma sprayed coatings and verify the developed computer model, which might serve for future thermal residual stress studies of plasma sprayed coatings. The analysis was divided into two steps: particle flattening and coating growth. In the analysis, a ballistic model was used for modeling the in-flight powder particles. The method allows for the calculation of off-normal spray angle, which is common in plasma spraying of engineering components. Also, a set of rules for coating growth as well as pore formation in the coating has been proposed. Based on these works, a computer program was developed to calculate the effects of process parameters, such as gun scanning velocity, spray angle, etc., on the porosity of the coating. Finally, an experiment was carried out to verify the effects of spray parameters on the porosity. The results agree with the prediction of the model.     

等离子沉积氧化锆涂层显微组织及性能研究

目的以氧化锆粉末作为喷涂材料,使用等离子喷涂的方式制备出性能优异的氧化锆涂层。方法通过不同的工艺参数来对涂层的显微组织及性能进行优化,分别利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)等方法,研究了工艺参数对涂层显微组织影响,并通过高温氧化测试来研究涂层的抗高温性能。结果在其他喷涂条件固定的情况下,涂层的厚度与喷涂时送粉量有关,送粉量越高则涂层厚度越大;当改变喷涂距离时,涂层的致密度则随着喷涂距离的增加而降低;在高温氧化40h后,涂层表面没有发生明显变化。结论通过等离子喷涂制备的氧化锆涂层具有较好的致密度,孔隙率最低仅为3.24%;涂层具有良好的热稳定性,能够长时间在高温下稳定使用。     

微束等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂(MPS) 在Ti6Al4V基体上制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层, 并以大气等离子喷涂(APS)为对照. 利用光学显微镜、SEM和XRD分析技术对MPS涂层形貌、相组成和结晶度进行了研究. 结果表明: 在微束等离子喷涂过程中, HA 的分解程度比大气等离子喷涂有显著降低, 除了HA相, 仅形成β-TCP相和非晶相. MPS涂层的结晶度主要受喷涂距离的影响. 喷涂距离较短(<80mm)时, 涂层结晶度高于APS方法制备的涂层. 喷涂距离在130mm时, 涂层结晶度低. 大气等离子喷涂层含有β-TCP、α-TCP、TTCP、CaO和非晶. MPS涂层分解较APS少的主要原因是喷涂过程中HA粒子过热不严重.     

铁基非晶涂层的研究进展

综述铁基非晶涂层的研究进展,介绍典型的铁基非晶涂层合金体系及分类,重点讨论热喷涂和激光熔覆制备铁基非晶涂层技术的现状、进展和发展趋势,阐述铁基非晶涂层的主要力学性能特点及目前的应用概况。在综述铁基非晶涂层目前存在主要问题的基础上,指出今后的发展方向应体现开发高非晶含量铁基涂层的制备工艺与技术,研制新型低成本高性能铁基非晶涂层材料以及拓宽铁基非晶涂层的应用领域等趋势。     

等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积的气相沉积机理

以等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)喷涂团聚的 ZrO₂-7wt%Y₂O₃(7YSZ)粉末在五个喷距下制备了热障涂层。通过场发射-扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了五个涂层样品的微观结构和相成分差异。另外, 通过发射光谱(OES)诊断研究了射流中7YSZ粉末气相浓度随喷距的变化。最后, 阐述了3种不同的气相沉积涂层生长机制, 说明了射流中粉末的状态和气相浓度对涂层结构的影响。研究表明：(1)350 mm和1800 mm喷距下形成的均是致密结构涂层, 而650~1250 mm喷距下形成的是典型的PS-PVD柱状结构涂层。(2)350 mm喷距下制备的涂层由四方相(t’)和单斜相(m)氧化锆构成; 当喷距大于650 mm时, 涂层以四方相(t’)氧化锆为主。(3)350 mm喷距下涂层是由高浓度气相过饱和自发形核形成的新核和液/固粒子共同作用形成的; 喷距650~1250 mm下, 涂层生长以气相沉积于基体进行非自发形核为主, 气相在射流中的自发形核为辅; 喷距1800 mm下涂层由气相过冷凝固的粒子堆积而成。     

Characterization and comparison between APS coatings prepared from ball milled and plasma processed nickel–aluminium powders

Plasma spraying has wide range of applications which include corrosion, thermal and abrasion resistance coatings. In the present work, nickel and aluminium powders were ball milled and the same were thermal plasma processed to produce spherical nickel alumindes particles. Both ball milled and plasma processed powders were spray deposited on stainless steel (SS 304) substrate using atmospheric plasma spray technique (APS). The experiments were carried out for different plasma input power levels, torch to base distances and coating thicknesses. Microstructure, micro hardness, adhesive strength, and porosity of the coatings are reported and discussed. Effect of plasma processing parameters and plasma spheroidization of powders on coating properties has been evaluated and reported. High plasma power, low torch to base distance lead to high temperature supplied to in-flight particles which correspond to high hardness, low porosity and high adhesion. Spherical morphology and formation of nickel aluminide intermetallic were achieved by plasma spheroidization. Coatings prepared from plasma processed powders enhance the coating properties positively.     

微束等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层特性

采用轴向中心送粉式微束等离子喷涂系统在2kW级的小功率条件下制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层.研究了电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构,采用X射线衍射分析涂层的相结构,采用磨粒磨损质量损失表征涂层的性能,用热辐射粒子速度温度测量系统测试工艺参数对喷涂粒子速度的影响.结果表明,电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响都比较明显,粒子速度随着电弧功率和工作气体流量的增加而增加,随着喷涂距离的增加而下降.涂层的磨粒磨损质量损失随电弧功率的增加而减少,而随工作气体流量和喷涂距离的增加而增加.分析表明粒子的温度对涂层磨粒磨损质量损失有较大的影响.采用微束等离子喷涂可以制备磨粒磨损性能与传统等离子喷涂在38kW下制备的涂层相当的Al2O3涂层.     

Development of dense corrosion resistant coatings by an improved HVOF spraying process

For 6 years, we have developed corrosion resistant coatings to protect steel structures in the marine environment by using a thermal spray technique. This paper summarizes the major developments and results obtained. Such a coating requires primarily impermeability and secondarily homogenous and clean microstructure. In order to make denser and highly corrosion resistant coatings, we selected spray materials and improved fabrication processes. HastelloyC was a suitable material for High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying to form corrosion resistant coatings because of its high resistance against thermal oxidation as well as seawater corrosion, especially crevice and pitting corrosion. An inert gas shroud system was attached with a commercial HVOF apparatus and this attachment increased the in-flight velocity of spray particles over 750 m s^?1 and simultaneously suppressed oxidation significantly. In addition, some new methods were designed to evaluate the sprayed particle’s state and the coating properties with high accuracy and sensitivity. Thermal energy of in-flight spray particles was revealed by molten fraction of spray particles, determined by quantitative analysis of melted and unmelted particles captured in an agar gel. Through-porosity of the coatings with open porosity below 0.1% was determined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis of dissolved substance from substrate through the penetrating path of the coatings. The coating of HastelloyC nickel base alloy by the HVOF spraying with the gas shroud attachment had zero through-porosity and 0.2 mass% of oxygen content. The laboratory corrosion tests showed that the on-shroud HastelloyC coating was comparable to the bulk material of HastelloyC in terms of corrosion resistance. This coating, formed on steel, demonstrated an excellent protective performance over 10 months in the marine exposure test.     

铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺参数优化研究

为了使铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂涂层获得优良的涂层性能,选择涂层孔隙率为判据,通过正交试验和OLYC IA m3金相图像分析系统对铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺进行了优化,同时采用SprayW atch热喷涂监控系统对喷涂过程中粒子的飞行速度和温度进行了测定.经研究得到了铝基粉芯丝材电弧喷涂的最佳工艺参数.结果表明,影响铝基涂层致密性的工艺因素按主次顺序分别为喷涂气压、喷涂电压和喷涂距离;在所选试验范围内,随气体压力和喷涂电压的增大、喷涂距离的减小,涂层的孔隙率降低;在优化的喷涂工艺参数条件下,铝基涂层最小孔隙率可达1.3%.     

Study on corrosion resistance of aluminium coating deposited on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy by cold spray

Pure aluminium coatings were prepared on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy substrate via cold spraying technology with different scanning speeds and working gas temperature. The correlation between the corrosion resistance of the coatings and the different spraying process was studied. While the working gas temperature is 600 °C and the scanning speed is 1 mm/s, aluminium coating has less porosity and the coating was well combined with the substrate. Higher temperature of working gas increases the plastic deformation of particles, which lead to a dense aluminium coating. The relationship of corrosion resistance on working gas temperature and scanning speed of aluminium coatings has also been investigated by immersion corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the cold sprayed aluminium coatings revealed a lower porosity and higher corrosion resistance with the decreasing scanning speed and the increasing temperature of working gas. The porosity and corrosion current densities were 0.938 vol.% and 2.427 ⋅ 10⁻⁶ A/cm². The experimental results show that the aluminium coating prepared by cold spraying has a good protective effect on magnesium alloy.