Fenton-臭氧组合工艺深度处理工业园区废水试验

工业园区产生的废水通常需要在生化处理后接深度处理过程使之达标排放.随着排放标准中对CODCr排放限值要求的升高,已有深度处理设施往往需要提标升级改造.本研究将Fenton和臭氧两种深度处理方法进行组合,探究Fenton-臭氧及臭氧-Fenton组合工艺对某工业园区污水处理厂生化出水的CODCr降解效果.发现FeSO4·...     

成都市某区域工业废水处理存在的问题及对策

成都市某污水处理厂分别采用不同的工艺流程日处理生活污水4．5万m3,工业废水3．6万m3,其中工业废水处理出水SS、COD等一直未达到排放标准。为找出工业废水处理出水不达标的原因,在综合分析工业废水的进水水质的基础上,采用活性污泥法这一传统方法对其进行处理研究;并针对目前该区域工业废水处理中存在的问题及该污水处理厂的实际情况,本文对该厂工业废水处理设施的改造提出了相应的建议。     

Sustainable reclamation and reuse of industrial wastewater including membrane bioreactor technologies: case studies

One of the most crucial and difficult elements of the bioprocess is its ability to separate between the biosolids and the liquid effluent phase. The objectives of this study were to evaluate practical possibilities to upgrade existing wastewater treatment facilities by operating aerobic treatment based on MBR technology, in order to obtain high quality effluent for sustainable reclamation and reuse of industrial wastewater. Three different types of industrial wastewaters have been biologically treated by MBR working on hollow fiber technology: (a) paper mill; (b) food production; (c) fuel port facilities. The MBR received preliminarily treated effluent by anaerobic, chemical and physical processes, respectively. The experimental work in this study indicated that biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing contaminants characterized by hydrophobicity and/or by low biodegradability would require the adaptation of the MBR operation conditions, by lowering cell residence time and MLVSS in the bioreactor and by increasing the amounts of excess biosolids accordingly. The effluent was of high quality and could be considered for reuse in paper mill and food production.     

“七段式”生化组合工艺在污水处理厂提标改造工程中的应用

城镇污水处理厂面临的进水水质波动大、出水标准高、进水TN高等问题,是提标改造中需要解决的重点,也是生化系统改造的难点。某污水处理厂进水水质差、出水标准高,普通活性污泥法处理困难,其提标改造及扩建工程,采用了"七段式"生化组合工艺+高效沉淀池+V型滤池处理工艺,设计出水水质除ρ(TN)≤15 mg/L、ρ(SS)≤10 mg/L外,均达到地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-83)IV类水排放标准,"七段式"生化组合工艺,较好地解决了此类进水水质下生化处理的问题。     

污水处理厂出水水质变量区间预测建模

为了实现污水处理厂的有效运行，需要建立能够精确描述水厂行为的模型。根据水厂入水和出水数据，采用径向基函数神经网络建立污水处理过程模型。考虑到建模误差有界，使用参数线性集员辨识算法分别得到隐含层到输出层各神经元连接权值向量的不确定集合描述。与现有的单输出区间预测模型相比，该模型能够根据水厂入水数据同时给出多个出水水质变量的置信区间。这些区间能表征出水变量的存在范围，从而实现水质变量的可靠估计，进而评估出水水质或水厂性能。此外，还将此出水区间预测模型用于污水处理厂的故障检测与隔离，以提高水厂运行的可靠性。实验结果表明文中所提方法的有效性。     

大型污水处理厂A^2／O工艺快速调试启动方式研究

采用小试倒置A^2／O工艺,通过污泥自然培养和接种培养试验,对白龙港污水处理厂进行快速调试启动方式研究。结果表明,利用自然培养方式需耗时30d完成污泥培养和驯化,出水COD和TP浓度分别于8d和9d后达到《城镇污水处理厂排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中一级B标准,硝化菌和反硝化菌增殖缓慢;接种培养试验中,竹园二厂和曲阳厂的混合污泥接种系统对污染物去除效果最佳,启动所需时间最短。建议在升级扩建工程启动调试期间,采用竹园二厂和曲阳厂的混合脱水污泥进行接种．采取闷曝与连续进出水相结合的方式．以达到快速启动A^2／O系统的目的。     

Application of residence time distribution technique to the study of the hydrodynamic behaviour of a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant plug‐flow bioreactor

The hydrodynamic behaviour of a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) bioreactor treating municipal wastewater, situated in Granollers (Barcelona, Spain), has been studied by means of a residence time distribution (RTD) technique using lithium (chloride) as tracer. The bioreactor studied is designed to work as a plug‐flow reactor and it is divided into two independent lanes (1 and 2), each one composed of four compartments in series resulting in a total volume of 3970 m³ per lane. During the RTD experiments, working flow was 1000 m³ h^?1 per lane, which implied an ideal mean residence time of 3.97 h. When a lithium chloride tracer was injected in the bioreactor, both lanes showed a similar highly non‐ideal hydrodynamic behaviour, which had an important effect on the reactor's performance. This global RTD was complemented by means of local RTDs in different locations of the bioreactor in order to determine qualitatively the reactor's mixing regime. Different non‐ideal models (namely axial dispersion, tanks‐in‐series and some simple compartment models) have been tested for the modelling of the experimental RTD. The best model fitting RTD data for Lanes 1 and 2 was a configuration consisting of four mixed tanks in series. The RTD study proposed in this work will permit improvement of the reactor's mixing performance, which is of special interest in future projects including simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

多点进水改良型复合A2/O处理低C/N污水

以低C/N比城市生活污水为研究对象,重点考查了改良A²/O工艺的脱氮除磷性能。原水按一定比例分配给厌氧池和缺氧池,以合理分配厌氧释磷和缺氧反硝化所需的碳源;在好氧池和缺氧池中分别投加填料,以稳定系统的硝化和反硝化效果,提高系统的脱氮性能;厌氧池和缺氧池出水都直接进入好氧池。在进水COD/TN平均为5.54,HRT为11 h,SRT为15 d,MLSS为3000～4000 mg·L^-1,污泥回流比为50%条件下,通过三种不同进水分配比以及三种混合液回流比的对比试验研究,得到系统最佳进水分配比5:5,对分配脱氮和除磷所需碳源更加合理;而混合液回流比为200%,过高会破坏缺氧池的溶解氧环境,过低又会导致缺氧池反硝化作用不能充分发挥。在最优工况下COD、NH₃-N、TN和TP出水水质分别为29.7、0.1、11.8和0.42 mg·L^-1,平均去除率分别达到87.8%、99.7%、72.4%和91.3%,出水优于国家GB 18918-2002一级A排放标准,并且在缺氧池中发生了明显的反硝化除磷现象。     

基于PLSR自适应深度信念网络的出水总磷预测

针对污水处理过程出水总磷预测问题存在的强非线性、大时变等特征,提出了一种基于偏最小二乘回归自适应深度信念网络（partial least square regression adaptive deep belief network,PLSR-ADBN）的出水总磷预测方法。PLSR-ADBN是基于深度学习模型DBN的一种改进型建模方法。首先,将自适应学习率引入到DBN的无监督预训练（pre-training）阶段,来提高网络收敛速度。其次,利用PLSR方法取代传统DBN中基于梯度的逐层权值精调（fine-tuning）方法,来提高网络预测精度。同时,通过构造李雅普诺夫函数证明了PLSR-ADBN学习过程的收敛性。最后,将PLSR-ADBN用于实际污水处理过程出水总磷预测中。实验结果表明所提出的PLSR-ADBN收敛速度快且预测精度高,能够满足实际污水处理过程对出水总磷监测精度和运行效率的要求。     

水解酸化_+A~2O工艺处理混合化工废水运行中的问题与对策

镇江市新区第二污水厂采用水解酸化+A2O工艺。针对此工艺处理混合化工废水中出现了进水水质水量波动较大、进水碳源不足、出水色度较大、脱水机冲洗水SS较多、水解酸化池运行效果不佳、DO控制困难等问题,进行实践调整和理论分析,提出了一系列有效的对策,保证了该污水厂的稳定运行。     

Reactor Modeling of Gas‐Phase Polymerization of Ethylene

A model is developed for evaluating the performance of industrial‐scale gas‐phase polyethylene production reactors. This model is able to predict the properties of the produced polymer for both linear low‐density and high‐density polyethylene grades. A pseudo‐homogeneous state was assumed in the fluidized bed reactor based on negligible heat and mass transfer resistances between the bubble and emulsion phases. The nonideal flow pattern in the fluidized bed reactor was described by the tanks‐in‐series model based on the information obtained in the literature. The kinetic model used in this work allows to predict the properties of the produced polymer. The presented model was compared with the actual data in terms of melt index and density and it was shown that there is a good agreement between the actual and calculated properties of the polymer. New correlations were developed to predict the melt index and density of polyethylene based on the operating conditions of the reactor and composition of the reactants in feed.     

A model for the devolatilization of EPDM rubber in a series of steam stripping vessels

A mathematical model was developed for the multitank stripping section of industrial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber processes. Experiments were conducted to determine Henry's law coefficients and diffusivities for hexane solvent and 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) comonomer in EPDM particles. Equivalent radii for diffusion within the particles were also determined. A model was developed to predict solvent and comonomer concentrations in a single particle as it moves through a series of tanks with different operating conditions. A second, more‐complicated model was then developed to account for a continuous flow stirred tank residence time distribution for the particles in the tanks. Data from three industrial plants were used to estimate parameters and assess the models' predictive ability. Typical prediction errors are 0.90 wt % for residual hexane and 0.14 wt % for residual ENB. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2596–2606, 2014     

Mathematical modeling of aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) using activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1)

Activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) was applied to an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating dilute municipal wastewater. The model for the aerobic MBR was calibrated using the data collected from a lab-scale aerobic MBR using AQUASIM 2.0. The performance of MBR process in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and ammonia nitrogen (SNH) nitrification was studied at different operating conditions such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), solid retention time (SRT) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. The characteristics of influent wastewater, pre-settled primary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (City of Elmhurst WWTP, Elmhurst, IL, USA), were determined in the laboratory and used for the calibration of the model. The results from the simulations provided a better understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of the MBR process including sludge removal.     

MSBR工艺在污水处理厂中的应用——以江苏某污水处理厂为例

江苏某县因地形限制需新建污水处理厂,总规模为10万m³/d,近期规模为5万m³/d,出水水质需达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。该厂对脱氮要求较高,且拟建地块的吨水用地指标偏低。通过工艺比选,生物处理工艺采用高度集约化的MSBR工艺,深度处理工艺采用滤布滤池,介绍了相关设计参数。MSBR采用7池构型,设计总水力停留时间为16.2 h,回流污泥可在泥水分离区进行脱氮。该厂实际运行后,出水水质达到设计的一级A标准,出水NH₃-N浓度低于1.0 mg/L,去除率为97.9%;出水TN浓度为10.98 mg/L,去除率为65.4%。全厂吨水用地指标为0.611m²/(m³·d),低于传统生物二级处理工艺,单位处理成本为1.28元/m³。MSBR工艺适用于脱氮要求高和用地紧张的工程项目。     

Adaptive modeling and classification of the secondary settling tank

In biological wastewater treatment plants the biomass is separated from the treated wastewater in the secondary settler; thus, efficient operation of the secondary settler is crucial to achieving satisfactory effluent quality in the wastewater treatment process (WWTP). In the present work, system identification and soft-computing techniques were used to formulate a model for predicting the solid volume index (SVI) and classification of the sludge bulking phenomenon in the settler. An adaptive time series model was applied to predict the SVI of the secondary settler; this model uses the recursive least square (RLS) method to update the model parameters. The method for classifying the current state of the secondary settler is based on the strong correlation that was observed between the settler state and the values of the time series model parameters, which enabled the time series model parameters to be used as effective features for monitoring the secondary settler. To classify the current state of the secondary settler, a neural network (NN) was used to classify the adaptive time series model parameters, where a hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to decide the number of hidden nodes of the NN classifier. Application of the proposed method to a full-scale WWTP demonstrated the utility of the method for simultaneously predicting the SVI value of the secondary settler and classifying the current state of the settler.     

水解酸化-CASS工艺在红霉素废水处理中的应用

本文介绍了水解酸化-CASS工艺在红霉素废水处理中的应用,系统经调试试运后出水基本上达到了国家关于制药废水排放的二级标准。为抗生素废水的治理提供了技术改造经验。     

基于多目标粒子群算法的污水处理智能优化控制

为了满足污水处理过程出水水质排放达标的同时降低运行能耗,提出了一种基于多目标粒子群的污水处理多目标智能优化控制方法。首先,通过分析污水处理运行数据,建立了基于自适应回归核函数的污水处理能耗和出水水质模型;其次,设计出一种污水处理多目标优化方法,利用多目标粒子群优化算法同时对污水处理自适应能耗和出水水质模型进行优化,获得溶解氧和硝态氮浓度的优化设定值;最后,利用PID控制器对溶解氧和硝态氮浓度优化设定值进行跟踪控制,实现了污水处理过程的多目标优化控制。基于污水处理基准仿真平台BSM1的实验结果显示,该多目标优化控制方法不但能够保证出水水质达标,而且能有效降低污水处理过程的能耗。     

基于水力模型的管网破损率与污水厂进水BOD5浓度之间的关系

随着城市建设的发展与城市化进程加快,城市排水管网作为城市地下的重要“脉络”,是人们安全生产生活的重要保障,而排放标准越来越严格,污水厂的处理成本逐渐升高。研究污水厂进水BOD₅浓度与管网破损率的关系,制定合理的管网修复方案,是保证各项污染物指标稳定达标的重要一环。本文运用水力模型(SWMM)建立昭通市中心城区污水管网模型,计算在不同管网破损率下污水处理厂的进水量和进水BOD₅浓度并分析其相关性。结果表明:在不同管网破损率下污水处理厂的进水量和进水BOD₅浓度存在明显差异,随着管网破损率上升,污水处理厂的进水量呈现上升趋势,进水BOD₅浓度呈现下降趋势,得到的管网破损率与污水处理厂进水BOD₅浓度关系图可支撑管网修复工作。     

Cost reduction of the wastewater treatment plant operation by MPC based on modified ASM1 with two-step nitrification/denitrification model

The Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) considers that nitrification and denitrification are single step processes and nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N), which is an intermediate for the two processes, is not accounted for. The first part of this paper presents the development of an enhanced ASM1 with two step nitrification/denitrification processes and its implementation in the Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The secondary settler was considered to be reactive in order to achieve a better fit between the simulation model and the behavior of the real WWTP. The second part presents the investigation of Model Predictive Control approach for the advanced control of the WWTP. Two control strategies are implemented for the wastewater treatment plant and they are analyzed from the perspective of the benefits brought to the WWTP operation. The proposed control strategy shows a reduction of the operational costs and the improvement of the effluent quality index.     

铁碳微电解/膜生物反应器工艺在煤制油废水处理中的应用

在尽量利用原有水处理设施前提下,以铁碳微电解/膜生物反应器工艺对煤制油废水进行了中试,规模为5 m3/h。中试结果表明,铁碳微电解可以将废水中难降解物质转化,提高废水可生化性,经膜生物反应器处理后出水水质可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准的要求。吨水处理费用为1.95元,工程实践表明,本工艺在煤制油废水应用方面有良好的应用前景。