高效低泡净洗剂的研制与应用

对不同配方的发泡力、泡沫稳定性以及净洗效果的测试结果表明皂剂、烷基苯磺酸盐和平平加O按适当比例进行复配可以得到泡沫少、泡沫破灭快，净洗效果好的高效低泡净洗剂。     

十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的表面性质研究

以直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）为参照样,研究了十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（DDSS）表面活性剂的表面张力、硬水稳定性、发泡力及泡沫稳定性等理化特性。结果表明：DDSS具有较好的表面活性,其临界表面张力（γcm）c和临界胶束浓度（cmc）分别为27.786 mN/m和0.49 g/L。DDSS在硬水中具有更好的稳定性,但发泡力和泡沫稳定性较低。DDSS在日化领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

脂肪酶对水基油墨清洗剂洗涤能力的影响研究

采用阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配体系,研究了不同脂肪酶用量下的水基油墨清洗剂性能。通过稳定性、腐蚀性、净洗力以及泡沫性能对一系列脂肪酶型水基油墨清洗剂进行了评价,优化了配方组成。结果表明:所配制的脂肪酶型水基油墨清洗剂具有良好的高低温稳定性;脂肪酶用量对腐蚀性无影响,含有脂肪酶的油墨清洗剂具有良好的抗腐蚀性能;当脂肪酶用量为0.4%时,体系的净洗力最强、发泡力最低。     

超滤膜清洗剂及其性能研究

针对超滤法处理工业含油废水时所造成的超滤膜污染,采用正交实验法进行实验室模拟实验,研制了一种高效碱性清洗剂,最佳配方（质量分数）为：十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）9％,表面活性剂9％,氢氧化钠46％,无水碳酸钠15％,磷酸钠11％,硅酸钠10％。分别测定了该清洗剂的净洗力、pH、泡沫力、漂洗性能和接触角的变化,并将该配方应用到钢铁厂超滤膜机组进行工业实验。实验结果表明,该清洗剂的各项指标符合国家环保要求,对超滤膜管的净洗力达到96．53％,而且对超滤膜管无腐蚀性,性能优于传统的碱性清洗剂。     

发泡工艺对高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡速率及泡孔结构的影响

采用新型聚合物聚醚多元醇3628和聚醚多元醇330N与TM300体系（TDI／MDI）制备一种高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料。探讨了发泡工艺对高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡速率和泡孔结构的影响;确定了最佳发泡工艺：采用DEOA为交联剂,B-8716为泡沫稳定剂;m（A-1）：m（A-33）：m（H2O）：m（B8716）。m（多元醇）为0．1：0．6：（3．7～3．5）：0．7：1．00;物料温度在20～25℃之间。该条件下所得聚氨酯泡沫塑料的开孔性较好,孔径分布不均匀,回弹率可达到60％。     

早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度影响试验分析

通过对湿密度分别为500 kg／m3、800 kg／m3、1000 kg／m3的轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土试样进行了室内无侧限单轴压缩试验,分析了氯化钙和硫酸钠两种早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度的影响;借助光学显微技术并通过图像分析软件,从微观角度解释了氯化钙、硫酸钠早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度形成的影响。结果表明：两种早强剂均可使轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度有较大幅度提高,特别是3d、7 d、14 d抗压强度提高幅度分别至少在44．3％、25．4％和11．2％,但对28 d抗压强度提高不明显;两种早强剂均可使轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土的微观结构指标显著提高,硫酸钠早强剂提高效果更为明显。     

PET开孔泡沫的制备及其吸油性能研究

研究了均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）添加量、发泡温度和压力降对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）开孔泡沫形成的影响。研究发现,当发泡温度为216℃,PMDA添加量为0.6份,压力降较高时,可以制备发泡倍率35倍、开孔率96.3%的PET开孔泡沫。将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和有机改性蒙脱土（MMT）引入PET开孔泡沫的制备,研究发现PTFE和MMT具有异相成核作用,减小了泡孔尺寸,拓宽了PET开孔发泡窗口温度,在（222～228℃）较宽的发泡温度窗口范围内成功制备了泡孔尺寸更小（10～100μm）、发泡倍率高达40倍的PET开孔泡沫。开孔泡沫可吸收汽油、柴油、煤油、轻质原油和重质原油等各种石油产品,本文对高开孔率开孔泡沫的吸油性能进行了研究,其吸收能力约为8～30 g/g。     

PP／LDPE模压发泡工艺的研究

采用低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）对聚丙烯（PP）进行共混改性,以过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为交联剂,偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）为发泡剂,通过模压法制备了聚丙烯发泡材料。研究了LDPE,AC,DCP的用量以及模压工艺条件对聚丙烯发泡效果的影响。结果表明：当m（PP）：m（LDPE）：77z（AC）：m（DCP）=50：50：4：0．1,模压温度200℃时,聚丙烯发泡材料的密度最小,为0．13g／cm^3。     

HGB/TPU复合泡沫材料的制备及泡孔结构研究

采用空心玻璃微珠（HGB）填充热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）,制备了HGB/TPU复合泡沫材料。研究了硅烷偶联剂KH550对HGB的表面处理,并借助SEM探讨了不同发泡方式、发泡剂含量、HGB含量对复合泡沫材料微观形态结构的影响。结果表明：经KH550处理的HGB与TPU基体界面结合良好;通过注塑发泡得到的泡沫材料发泡效果较好;当发泡剂含量为1%、HGB含量为2%时复合泡沫材料的泡孔分布均匀,尺寸较为均一。     

聚醚酰亚胺发泡技术研究进展

介绍了高性能热塑性聚合物泡沫——聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）泡沫的间歇式发泡、挤出发泡、注射成型发泡等制备技术,论述了发泡剂与成核剂的选用对PEI泡沫性能的影响,对近年来国内外PEI发泡技术（制备技术、发泡剂与成核剂的选用）的研究进展进行了详细综述,并对PEI泡沫的未来发展进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。