共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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为了深入了解直流电弧炉水冷钢棒式底电极的传热过程,根据底电极的炉底结构结合相应的边界条件,建立了基于流动的二维轴对称固液相变传热数学模型。推导了考虑水冷铜套和电极之间空气隙影响的等效对流换热系数以及通电时的径向和轴向电磁力方程。模型中考虑了底电极从固态300 K到液态2 000 K过程中钢的物性的连续变化。利用所建模型,可以数值模拟直流电弧炉单炉冶炼、双炉冶炼的非稳态传热过程以及考察计算参数和结构改变影响的稳态传热过程,为改善电弧炉的安全性、提高工作效率提供理论依据。 相似文献
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直流炉作为炼钢电弧炉最初的型式,在上世纪80年代中后期才开始进入真正的工业应用并被大规模建造.随后在实践中逐渐发现和证实了直流炉所存在的问题,例如底电极问题,这使得人们对其优越性产生了怀疑.作为四种主要的底电极型式之一,水冷钢棒式底电极自发明以来已经历了超过20年的使用实践.然而,就作者看来,迄今为止仍未获得关于水冷钢棒式底电极熔损机制的科学认识.为解决这一复杂的问题,作者建立起一套完备的数学模型.在该模型中,首次耦合了传热与流动,特别地发现并引入了电磁效应的影响,还建立起钢棒与铜套间隙效应的估算方法,因而得以解释所观察到的实际现象.计算结果表明电磁力的轴向分量是驱动电极孔穴内流动的基本因素,而焦耳热并不占冷却水带走热量之主要部分.计算和分析得到了一个重要结论,即改变底电极直径会产生一种两面效应.因此提出了一种底电极的变直径结构,预计该结构在改善底电极热状态方面会带来明显的效果. 相似文献
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采用激光-电弧复合焊,激光前置焊接海工钢AH36薄板。利用高速摄像分析熔滴过渡特征与影响因素。运用计算流体力学体积分数法建立固液气三相流体动力学模型。采用高斯面热源、高斯旋转体热源和双椭球热源表征复合焊热源。数值模型考虑了表面张力、电磁力、浮力、反冲压力、蒸发冷凝、蒸发换热等多种物理场的耦合作用。对熔滴过渡冲击及其对熔池形貌、流动与温度的影响进行研究。结果表明,熔滴冲击熔池可促进熔池流动与传热。熔滴过渡受电磁力与蒸气反冲压力抑制,致使大熔滴出现。适当增加激光功率可降低熔滴表面张力,增加熔滴过渡频率,减小熔滴尺寸。激光功率过大或光丝间距过小时,出现熔滴破裂与飞溅。 相似文献
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采用数值模拟方法研究组合雾化过程中熔滴的飞行动力学以及冷却凝固过程与熔滴随飞行距离的变化关系,模拟过热度和旋转盘转速对熔滴飞行和冷却凝固的影响规律。结果表明:在组合雾化过程中,熔滴尺寸显著影响熔滴的动力学和热历史过程,熔滴越小,速度变化越快,飞行距离越短。过热度对于熔滴的冷却凝固影响不明显,但大的过热度会延缓熔滴的凝固过程。因此,大的过热度不利于雾化室的设计。旋转盘的旋转速度对于熔滴热历史的影响稍大于过热度的影响,高转速可以缩短熔滴冷却凝固过程的飞行距离。通过测量二次枝晶间距,推算出实验制得粉末的冷却速率范围为10~3~10~6 K/s,与数值计算的结果基本一致。 相似文献
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建立三维非稳态数值模型,用流体(VOF)方法描述金属液滴的运动,用电势法求解麦克斯韦方程组,对双电极电渣重熔炉的传热与流体的流动进行数值研究。结果表明,电流从一个电极进入熔炉,然后从另一个电极流出,大多数电流流过炉渣,其余电流流过金属。大部分焦耳加热是在炉渣层产生的。温度较高的区域位于炉渣的顶部。随着电流的增加,产生了更多的焦耳热。对该模型进行了实验验证,测量的炉渣温度、金属池剖面与模拟结果基本一致。 相似文献
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以JNDK55-05型焦炉炭化室为研究对象,认为炭化室内部是一个非稳态的传热过程。运用CFD软件进行数值模拟,建立焦炉炭化室热过程模型。对两种水分蒸发模型进行了比较分析,并探讨了不同装炉煤水分、装炉煤温度对焦饼温度场和结焦时间的影响,预测了焦饼温度场的变化。通过对煤热解的细致分析,建立了焦化产物产量计算模型,可为焦炉的设计和生产操作、焦炉计算机控制等提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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以特殊钢圆坯连铸为研究对象, 建立了研究凝固末端电磁搅拌作用效果的三维耦合数值模型.利用分段计算模型获得末端电磁搅拌区域钢液流动与凝固的实际状态, 并采用达西源项法处理凝固末端钢液在糊状区的流动, 研究了不同电磁搅拌工艺参数下的电磁场分布及钢液的流动与传热特征.通过测量搅拌器中心线磁感应强度和铸坯表面温度验证了模型的准确性.研究结果表明: 电流强度每增加100 A, 搅拌器中心磁感应强度增加19.05 mT, 电磁力随着电流强度的增加显著增大.在20~40 Hz范围, 随着电流频率的提高, 中心磁感应强度略微下降, 但电磁力仍有所增加.在搅拌器区域, 液相穴内的钢液在切向电磁力的作用下旋转流动, 其切向速度随着电流强度和频率的增加而变大.末端电磁搅拌可促进钢液在圆坯径向的换热, 随着电流强度和频率的提高, 铸坯中心轴线上的钢液温度降低, 同时末端搅拌位置处的中心固相分率增加. 相似文献
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《钢铁冶炼》2013,40(8):619-624
AbstractThe article is devoted to the investigation of interaction between electrovortex and heat flows of liquid metal in dc arc furnaces with a bottom electrode. A mathematical model of liquid steel flows in a dc arc furnace with a bottom electrode was developed, and an algorithm of a three-stage solution was produced based on standard software packages. The results of electromagnetic, heat transfer and hydrodynamic analysis in industrial dc arc furnaces are given. It is shown that the Lorentz force makes up ~30% of the volumetric gravity force and makes the main contribution to vortex flow of liquid metal in a dc arc furnace. The convection flows with the maximum heat power of furnace make a significant contribution to the vortex flow of liquid metal, and the maximum value of the vortex flow velocity is ~1·5 times more than the movement without convection. The verification of results has been carried out by comparing them with general electrovortex flows theory, experimental data and results of similar software packages. 相似文献
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A mathematical model describing the flow field, heat transfer and the electromagnetic phenomenon in a DC electric arc furnace has been developed. First the governing equations in the arc plasma region are solved and the calculated results of heat transfer, current density and shear stresses on the anode surface are used as boundary conditions in a model of molten bath. Then a two dimensional time dependent model is used to describe the flow field and electromagnetic phenomenon in the molten bath. Moreover, the effect of bottom electrode diameter on the circulation of molten bath is studied. 相似文献
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Heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena in electroslag refining 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A mathematical formulation has been developed to represent the electromagnetic force field, fluid flow and heat transfer in
ESR units. In the formulation, allowance has been made for both electromagnetically driven flows and natural convection; furthermore,
in considering heat transfer the effect of the moving droplets has been taken into account. The computed results have shown
that the electromagnetic force field appears to be the more important driving force for fluid motion, although natural convection
does affect the circulation pattern. The movement of the liquid droplets through the slag plays an important role in transporting
thermal energy from the slag to the molten metal pool, although the droplets are unlikely to contribute appreciably to slag-metal
mass transfer The for-formulation presented here enables the prediction of thermal and fluid flow phenomena in ESR units and
may be used to calculate the electrode melting rates from first principles. While a detailed comparison has not yet been made
between the predictions based on the model and actual plant scale measurements, it is thought that the theoretical predictions
are consistent with the plant-scale data that are available. 相似文献
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This article is devoted to researching a simple parameter which can predict the electrovortex flow in a liquid conductor under a Lorentz force. This is provided by a numerical simulation of the electrovortex and convection flows in a DC electric arc furnace with the bottom electrode in different positions. The electromagnetic, temperature and hydrodynamic distribution parameters are given. It is shown that lifting the bottom electrode above the fettle surface by the electrode radius leads to the decrease of shear stress on the fettle area by 30%, while putting the bottom electrode lower than the fettle surface by a distance equal to the electrode radius and its expansion by the same distance reduces stress by 10%. A good correlation between the shear stress on the fettle area and a rotor Lorentz force provide possibility to use rotor Lorentz force as a simple electromagnetic parameter for the estimation of the vortex flow influence on the increased wearing of the fettle. 相似文献